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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 10 (1987), S. 242-248 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pool boiling data of multicomponent mixtures show that the heat transfer coefficients can be considerably lower than those of a corresponding pure fluid with the same physical properties as the mixture. The proposed model, which assumes maximum mass transfer resistance in the liquid boundary layer, is confirmed by the comparison between calculated and experimental data. The model allows the prediction of heat transfer coefficients in pool boiling of mixtures using only single component properties and vapour-liquid equilibrium data. Judging by experience with a number of different systems, the method should be sufficiently accurate for most practical applications.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 14 (1961), S. 194-197 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method is described permitting the specific separation of137Cs from any volume of sea water within a comparatively short time. After having carried out an enrichment deposition by means of Sodium-hexanitrocobaltat and after having solved the deposit in hydrochloric acid the Cesium is specifically deposited as Cs3Bi2J9 by adding a concentrated acetat solution.
    Abstract: Résumé On décrit une méthode qui permet de séparer spécifiquement en relativement peu de temps137Cs de n'importe quelle quantité d'eau de mer. Après avoir exécuté une précipitation d'enrichissement à l'aide de sodiumhexanitrocobaltate et après avoir dissous le dépôt en acide chlorhydrique, le césium est spécifiquement précipité comme Cs3Bi2J9 à l'aide d'une solution concentrée de l'acide acétique.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das die spezifische Abtrennung von137Cs aus beliebig großen Meerwassermengen in relativ kurzer Zeit ermöglicht. Nach einer Anreicherungsfällung mit Natriumhexanitrokobaltat und Lösen des Niederschlags in Salzsäure wird das Cäsium spezifisch als Cs3Bi2J9 aus stark essigsaurer Lösung gefällt.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 15 (1962), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This is the description of an analysing method allowing by a series of separating precipitations to isolate radioactive iron isotopes from sea water. The separation of55Fe from59Fe is carried out by applying a special measuring method. The method permits to trace the presence of55Fe in a quantity of 100 liters of sea water up to a concentration of 0,45 pC/liter.
    Abstract: Résumé On décrit une analyse qui à l'aide de plusieurs précipitations de séparation permet d'isoler de l'eau de mer les isotopes radioactifs de fer. La séparation de55Fe de59Fe est effectuée par une méthode spéciale de mesure. La méthode permet de déceler jusqu'à la concentration de 0,45 pC/litre la présence de55Fe dans une quantité de 100 litres d'eau de mer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Analysengang beschrieben, der über eine Reihe von Trennungsfällungen die Isolierung der radioaktiven Eisenisotope aus Seewasser ermöglicht. Die Unterscheidung von55Fe und59Fe wird auf meßtechnischem Wege erreicht. Bei der Aufarbeitung von 100 Liter Seewasser läßt sich55Fe noch in einer Konzentration von 0,45 pC/Liter nachweisen.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3932-3936 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemiluminescence of Diradicals from Lepidopterene, Dibenzylidenetriasterane, and DiphenylbicyclooctadieneThe hydrocarbons lepidopterene (1), sym-dibenzylidene-dimethyltriasterane (5), and 2,6-diphenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octa-2,6-diene (8) are sources of intense emission of red light upon UV-excitation under specified experimental conditions (solutions, glassy media, crystals). These unusual observations are interpreted in terms of initial diradical formation and their subsequent decay to intramolecular exciplexes and triplet excimers, resp., which undergo the radiative decay.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 1983-1990 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dispirocyclobutanes and Propellanes from 1,2-BisenollactonesElectronically excited biphthalidylidene (1) and isocoumarino-isocoumarin (5) are trapped by electron-Poor stilbenes and by 1,3-dienes to give the dispirocyclobutanes 3, 8, 9, 11, 12 and the heterocyclic [4.4.2]propellanes 6 and 14 resp. The unusual tetraspirocyclobutane 4 is formed upon photodimerization of 1 as a by-product. The structures of the products have been established primarily by high-field, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and in part by chemical transformations.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Production-integrated environmental protection - Utilization of residues. Chemical plants as well as coal-fired powerstations utilize chemical reactions in order to produce materials or energy. Most of these reactions additionally produce gaseous, liquid, or solid residues. It is the main objective of production-integrated environmental protection to use these residues as suitable feedstocks in order to reduce environmental pollution and lower the consumption of raw materials. Several examples from the BASF Group will show how, by crossing the borders of the respective plant, reasonable solutions for material, or at least energetic, utilization of residues can be achieved. As a result of permanent efforts in production-integrated environmental protection over many years and despite increasing outputs the emissions of the chemical industry have been continuously reduced.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 19 (1966), S. 28-38 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary On behalf of the Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut in Hamburg a radiochemical method of separating the artificially radioactive isotopes60Co,54Mn, and65Zn from sea water has been developed by the author. This method can be applied not only to sea water but, after considering some slight modifications, also to water of a lower ion concentration. It is a purely inorganic method without ion exchangers (synthetic resin exchangers). The final separation of the single radioactive isotopes together with their respective inactive carrier takes place in the case of Co as Cs3[Co(NO2)6], in the case of Mn as MnO2, and in the case of Zn as Zn2P2O7. The efficiency of this method for 100 l of sea water is better than 0.2 pC/l.
    Abstract: Résumé A la demande du Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut à Hambourg l'auteur a mis au point un procédé de séparation radiochimique pour les isotopes radioactifs artificiels60Co,54Mn et65Zn tirés de l'eau de mer. Le procédé ne s'applique pas seulement à l'eau de mer mais, sous réserve de petites modifications, également à de l'eau de concentration ionique plus faible. La méthode constitute un procédé purement inorganique sans utilisation d'échangeurs d'ions (échangeurs à résines synthétiques). La séparation finale des divers isotopes radioactifs avec leur élément porteur neutre correspondant, s'effectue pour Co sous forme de Cs3 [Co(NO2)6]; pour Mn, sous forme de MnO2 et pour Zn, sous forme de Zn2P2O7. Pour 100 litres d'eau de mer traitée la sensibilité vérifiée du procédé est meilleure que 0,2 pC/l.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Auftrage des Deutschen Hydrographischen Instituts in Hamburg wurde vom Verfasser ein radiochemisches Trennungsverfahren für die künstlich radioaktiven isotope60Co,54Mn und65Zn aus Meerwasser ausgearbeitet. Das Verfahren ist in seiner Anwendung nicht allein auf Meerwasser beschränkt, sondern kann unter Berücksichtigung kleinerer Modifikationen auch auf Wasser niedrigerer Ionenkonzentration angewandt werden. Die Methode ist ein rein anorganisches Verfahren ohne Verwendung von Ionenaustauschern (Kunstharzaustauschern). Die Endabtrennung der einzelnen radioaktiven Isotope zusammen mit ihrem entsprechenden inaktiven Trägerelement geschieht bei Co als Cs3[Co(NO2)6], bei Mn als MnO2 und bei Zn als Zn2P2O7. Die Nachweisempfindlichkeit des Verfahrens ist bei der Aufarbeitung von 100 l Meerwasser für jedes Isotop besser als 0,2 pC/l.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: o-Quinoid hetarenes / Isoindoles, cycloaddition reactions with / Dienophiles, CC ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on the Chemistry of Isoindoles and Isoindolenines, XXXVI - Reactions of 2-Alkyl-2H-isoindoles with Maleic Imides2-Alkyl-2H-isoindoles 2 react with maleic imides 4 exclusively in position 1 and 3 by cycloaddition to form Diels-Alder adducts. The transformation of the endo isomers 6 into the thermodynamically more stable exo isomers 7 depends on the dienophile. The cycloaddition is useful for analytical detection of o-quinoid hetarenes 2 and for the synthesis of 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Stofftrennung ; Verdampfung ; Wärmeübergang ; Wärmestromdichte ; Druck ; Sieden ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Uncharged auxiliary bases ; Triaminoiminophosphorane bases ; Deprotonation ; Hindered bases ; Polymeric bases ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and properties of a number of very strong iminophosphorane bases up to an extremely high level of steric hindrance are described. They cover a range of ca. 4 pK units in basicity and a range of more than 11 orders of magnitude in their rates of methylation with methyl iodide. Most of the systems are readily prepared in up to molar quantities, conveniently recovered from their salts and are of high chemical and thermal stability. Crystal structures were determined in order to parametrize a force field, which is utilized in molecular modeling studies offering a rationalization of the observed differences in steric hindrance and basicity. Depending on the degree of steric protection of the basic center, these novel bases are proposed as unprecedented, versatile auxiliary bases in E2 eliminations and in reactions involving deprotonation in the presence of more or less strong electrophiles.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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