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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 155 (1991), S. 382-390 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 ; Paracoccus denitrificans ; Electron transport system ; Cytochrome composition ; Ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase ; Terminal oxidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The electron transport system of autotrophically grown Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 has been investigated by spectroscopic and thermodynamic approaches. The results have been interpreted as evidence that isolated membranes contain a branched respiratory chain composed of three c-type haems (E m,7=+160 mV, + 170 mV, and + 335 mV), five b-type haems (E m,7=+ 5 mV, + 75 mV, + 205 mV, + 300 mV, and + 405 mV), two (possibly three) a-type haems [E m,7= + 255 mV, + 350 mV, (+ 420 mV)], and nne d-type haem. EPR-analysis of the signals at g=1.93, g=2.02, and g=1.90 revealed the presence of iron-sulphur centres diagnostic of complexes I (NADH dehydrogenase), II (succinate dehydrogenase), and III (ubiquinol/cytochrome c oxidoreductase). The low potential b haems (+ 5 mV and + 75 mV) plus the Rieske protein (g=1.90, E m,7=+ 280 mV), thought to be part of an orthodox bc 1 complex, were present in low amounts as compared to their counterparts in membranes from Paracoccus denitrificans. CO-difference spectra in the presence of either succinate, NADH, hydrogen, ascorbate/TMPD, and/or dithionite as reductants, suggested the existance of four different oxidases composed by bo-, cb-, a-, and d-type haems. It is concluded that in contrast to other chemolithotrophes, e.g. P. denitrificans, autotrophic growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus utilizes a respiratory system in which the bc 1 complex containing pathway is only partially involved in electron transport.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 155 (1991), S. 436-443 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 ; Electron transport system ; Cytochrome c defective mutant RK1 ; Paracoccus denitrificans ; Respiratory enzyme activities ; Oxidases ; Dehydrogenases ; Myxothiazol ; Antimycin A ; Cyanide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a previous work (Kömen et al. 1991) it has been concluded that membrane fragments isolated from autotrophically grown Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 contain several iron-sulphur centres along with haems of a-, b-, c-, and d-type. These redox components have been proposed to be part of a branched respiratory chain leading to multiple membrane bound oxidases. Here, some of the respiratory activities catalyzed by membrane fragments from wild type cells of A. eutrophus (H16) and, for comparison, Paracoccus denitrificans, have been investigated through the use of electron transport inhibitors. Cyanide (CN-) titration curves indicated that in A. eutrophus H16 oxidation of succinate and H2 preferentially proceeds via the cytochrome c oxidase(s) branch (I 50=2 · 10-5 M) whereas the NADH dependent respiration started being inhibited at higher CN- concentrations (I 50=5 · 10-4 M). In membranes isolated from both, cells harvested at late growth-phase (OD 12) and from a mutant deficient in cytochrome c oxidase activity (A. eutrophus RK1), respiration was insensitive to low CN- concentrations (〈 10-4 M), and it was sustained by the high catalytic activities of two quinol oxidases. These alternative oxidases of b- (formally o-) and d-type showed different sensitivities to KCN (I 50=10-3 M and 10-2 M, respectively). Interestingly, the cytochrome c oxidase(s) dependent respiration of H16 membranes was insensitive to antimycin A but largely inhibited by myxothiazol (10-6 M). This, and previous work (Kömen et al. 1991), suggest that although the respiratory chain of A. eutrophus is endowed with a putative bc 1 complex, its biochemical nature and role in respiration of this organism are apparently different from those of P. denitrificans. The peculiarity of the respiratory chain of A. eutrophus is confirmed by the rotenone insensitivity of the NADH oxidation in both protoplasts and membrane fragments from wild type and soluble hydrogenase deficient cells (HF14 and HF160). A tentative model of the respiratory chain of autotrophically grown A. eutrophus is presented.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Energy transduction ; Hydrogen respiration ; Cyanide-resistant oxidase ; Membrane-bound ; hydrogenase ; Alcaligenes eutrophus H16
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eighty percent of the ATP and proton electrochemical gradient (-ZΔpH) formed during H2 oxidation in membranes from autotrophically grown exponential-phase cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 was derived from a redox pathway that includes the membrane-bound hydrogenase complex and the cyanide-resistant (bo-type) oxidase. The H2/ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase activity was coupled to energy transduction and was fully inhibited by the quinone along 2-n-hepthyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide. We conclude that the cytochrome-c-containing pathway in exponential-phase A. eutrophus H16 cells plays a minor role in energy conservation.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 77 (1971), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The carotenoid composition of some recently isolated new species of purple nonsulfur bacteria was investigated. All of the investigated R. tenue and R. purpureus strains and three of the R. acidophila strains synthesize the components of the rhodopinal series. It was shown that spirilloxanthin was present in all strains of R. acidophila; in three R. acidophila strains a very small amount of β-carotene was found. Large amounts of the glucosides of rhodopin and rhodopinal were isolated from the cells of seven R. acidophila strains. Some taxonomic aspects are discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Flavohemoprotein ; Megaplasmid ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria ; Cloning of flavohemoprotein gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A soluble flavohemoprotein (Fhp) was isolated to near homogeneity from heterotrophically grown cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Purified protein was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. The anti-Fhp was employed to determine the content of Fhp in soluble extracts of wildtype and mutant strains of Alcaligenes. This analysis revealed that the formation of Fhp was strictly dependent on the presence of the individual megaplasmid, indigenous to A. eutrophus wild-type strains H16, H20 and N9A. Alcaligenes hydrogenophilus M50 did not contain Fhp; however, transfer of the A. eutrophus H16 specific plasmid pHG1 into this host, conferred Fhp-forming capacity. The fhp gene was isolated from a cosmid library of pHG1 DNA. A subcloned HindIII fragment of 3.27 kilobase pairs (kb) restored Fhp synthesis in plasmid-free mutants of A. eutrophus. Immunological studies showed that Fhp could also be expressed in the cloning organism Escherichia coli.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 38 (1961), S. 408-410 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 59 (1967), S. 269-278 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Almost half of the material embedding the microbial population of the kefir grain consists of kefiran, a polysaccharide consisting of equal amounts of galactose and glucose with an $$[\alpha ]_D ^{20^ \circ }$$ of + 68.0° (C=1, H2O). 2. Kefiran is the capsular material of the large rod-shaped bacteria which predominate in the grains and have the properties of Lactobacillus brevis.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 74 (1970), S. 350-355 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The composition of the carotenoids in 18 strains of photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria has been investigated. Chlorobactene predominates in all strains; this pigment seems to be characteristic for all photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria. This main carotenoid is accompanied by various amounts of precursors and the hydroxy compounds of all appearing pigments.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chloroflexus aurantiacus ; Chlorobium limicola ; Chlorosomes ; Cytoplasmic membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Highly purified fractions of chlorosomes and cytoplasmic membranes were isolated from Chloroflexus aurantiacus Ok-70-fl and Chlorobium limicola 6230. These fractions were comparatively analyzed for their pigmentation, phospholipid, glycolipid, and cytochrome c content as well as for their specific activities of succinate dehydrogenase and NADH-oxidase. The data showed that there are some differences in pigmentation and phospholipid content between the isolated fractions of Chloroflexus and Chlorobium. Chlorosomes of Chloroflexus contained a specific BChl a-complex with a characteristic absorption maximum at about 790 nm. This BChl a-complex could not be detected in spectra of chlorosomes from Chlorobium. The near infrared region of the spectra of the isolated cytoplasmic membranes of both organisms revealed considerable differences: The BChl a-complexes of Chloroflexus membranes exhibited peaks at 806 and 868 nm whereas the membranes of Chlorobium had a single BChl a-peak at 710 nm. In contrast to the findings with Chlorobium the chlorosomes of Chloroflexus contained at least twice as much phospholipids as did the cytoplasmic membranes. In Chlorobium the phospholipid content of cytoplasmic membranes is three times that of their chlorosomes. The distribution of all other components (carotenoid composition, enzyme activities, cytochrome c content, and glycolipids) was about the same in both strains. From the data it was concluded that differences in the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus are mainly based on differences of the organization of the photosynthetic units in the cytoplasmic membrane and probably the kind of linkage of the light harvesting system in the chlorosomes with the reaction center in the cytoplasmic membranes.
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