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  • 1
    Call number: M 99.0433 ; PIK M 370-98-0375 ; PIK M 370-02-0176 ; PIK M 370-98-0376 ; PIK M 370-98-0322
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIX, 530 S.
    ISBN: 3540580174
    Classification:
    Ecology
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 155-168 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si deduce la struttura di banda diamagnetica fino al second'ordine nel potenziale periodico. Ciò è fatto per potenziali di cristallo arbitrari e campi magnetici razionali. Il nostro procedimento perturbativo dovrebbe dare il corretto spettro di energia nel regime di Landau che include la condizione di caduta magnetica. Si presenta anche un'hamiltoniana efficace esatta che è ridotta a due dimensioni spaziali per un potenziale cristallino generale.
    Abstract: Резюме Определяется диамагнитная зонная структура с точностью до второго порядка по периодическому потенциалу. Вычисления проводятся для произвольных кристаллических потенциалов и рациональных магнитных полей. Наш пертурбационный подход должен давать правильный энергетический спектр В режиме Ландау, включая условие для магнитного нарушения. Мы также приводим точный эффективный Гамильтониан, который сводится к двум пространственным измерениям для общего кристаллического потенциала.
    Notes: Summary The diamagnetic band structure is derived up to second order in the periodic potential. This is done for arbitrary crystal potentials and rational magnetic fields. Our perturbative treatment should give the correct energy spectrum in the Landau regime including the condition for magnetic breakdown. We also present an exact effective Hamiltonian which is reduced to 2 space dimensions for a general crystal potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 402.1999, 6761supp, C19-, (5 S.) 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There are many ways of looking forward in time. One of the most amusing (and sometimes terrifying) is the ‘forward-view mirror’ — contemplation of the future by reflecting on the past. If we consider the unravelling of the mysteries of the human body by physicians over the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 913-913 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ...Stanislav Lem's science-fiction masterpiece, Solaris, tells the gripping — and scary — story of a super-intelligent super-organism that has transmuted into a vast ocean covering most of the surface of a distant planet. Thus information-processing (that is, active) life and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 4 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The upper mantle, crust, hydrosphere and atmosphere of Earth are kept in a geophysical, geochemical and thermodynamical state far from astrophysical and planetary equilibrium. The system oscillates around a quasi-stable centre following laws governing dissipative or dynamic systems. The energy and materials necessary for such global pseudo-equilibria are fed in, stored and released on a geological time-scale by (a) the energy and electron channelling processes of photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation, (b) biologically controlled accumulation of energy and matter into crustal reservoirs and much later (c) release of the latter from crust and upper mantle into surface-related geotectonical and geochemical cycles. Phototrophic and chemorganotrophic bacterial microorganisms of microbial mats, potential stromatolites or microbialites are capable of anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis, of aerobic and anaerobic respiration and of organic and inorganic fermentation, i.e. disproportioning of energy-rich molecules. In this way large amounts of photosynthate are transformed on a global scale into hydrocarbons and sulphides (sulphate serving as electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration or fermentation). Inorganic reduced compounds produced by the same processes of photosynthesis followed by respiration and fermentation are stored as sulphides of iron, lead, zinc, silver, gold etc. All the aforementioned microbial processes can transfer energies and matter at a global scale. Thus disparities of the Earth's crust and mantle from the geochemical equilibrium may not be caused solely by internal temperature, radioactivity and gravity gradients, but increasingly by life processes. The biogenic formation of energy-rich compounds on a global scale delivers huge amounts of energy and electrons to the crust, which are recycled through geological time. The quantities of energy involved appear in themselves to be sufficient to provide the driving force for geotectonic processes. Thus, a model of geophysiological equilibration of geochemical cycles and geotectonics is proposed in which the biota play the role of energy and matter transmitters for geodynamic processes. Living matter controls and transfers more than 10% of the Earth's mass in this system with turnover times of up to 500 million years. The transfer speed of each individual atom according to the model must have gradually decreased since the Precambrian, while the amounts of energy and matter stored and cycled have in turn increased, as also witnessed by the increase in the thickness of the crust. Earth as a bioplanet has come of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 85 (1998), S. 411-425 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Global change, i.e. the mega-process radically transforming the relationship between nature and human civilization since the end of World War II, is investigated from the point of view of systems analysis. It is argued that this unbridled process should rather be domesticated by planetary control strategies transpiring from a new science called “geocybernetics”. The formal aspects of geocybernetic theory are sketched and illustrated in a tutorial theatre world reflecting the overall environment and development problematic. Within this setting a straightforward operationalization of the sweeping “sustainable development” ideal through a set of concise paradigms can be achieved. Evidence is provided that geocybernetics is actually feasible on the basis of earth system modelling and fuzzy-control techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 80 (1990), S. 305-312 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Incommensurate configurations of Torus and Cantorus type, respectively, in a 3-harmonics variant of the Frenkel-Kontorova model are investigated. Novel phenomena that further relativize and generalize the conventional scenario based on the “standard map” are observed. In particular various competing types of Cantorus configurations can be detected. Besides cascades of secondorder Torus-Cantorus transitions the groundstate phase diagram contains an extremely complicated pattern of second-order and quasi-first order Cantorus-Cantorus transition lines. The system also supports metastable Cantorus configurations, especially unsymmetrical ones coming in degenerate pairs. The annihilation of hysteretic configurations is shown to be driven by exponentially localized soft modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 4 (1999), S. 287-294 
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: risk analysis ; global change ; agriculture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A novel approach to the problem of estimating climate impact on social systems is suggested. This approach is based on a risk concept, where the notion of critical events is introduced and the probability of such events is estimated. The estimation considers both the inherent stochasticity of climatic processes and the artificial stochasticity of climate predictions due to scientific uncertainties. The method is worked out in some detail for the regional problem of crop production and the risks associated with global climate change, and illustrated by a case study (Kursk region of the FSU). In order to get local climatic characteristics (weather), a so-called “statistical weather generator” is used. One interesting finding is that the 3% risk level remains constant up to 1.0–1.1°C rise of mean seasonal temperature, if the variance does not change. On the other hand, the risk grows rapidly with increasing variance (even if the mean temperature rises very slowly). The risk approach is able to separate two problems: (i) assessment of global change impact, and (ii) decision making. The main task for the scientific community is to provide the politicians with different options; the choice of admissible (from the social point of view) critical events and the corresponding risk levels is the business of decision makers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 4 (1999), S. 217-234 
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: climate change ; climate policy ; integrated assessment ; inverse modeling ; uncertainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Tolerable Windows Approach (TWA) to Integrated Assessments (IA) of global warming is based on external normative specifications of tolerable sets of climate impacts as well as proposed emission quotas and policy instruments for implementation. In a subsequent step, the complete set of admissible climate protection strategies which are compatible with these normative inputs is determined by scientific analysis. In doing so, minimum requirements concerning global and national greenhouse gas emission paths can be determined. In this paper we present the basic methodological elements of TWA, discuss its relation to more conventional approaches to IA like cost–benefit analyses, and present some preliminary results obtained by a reduced-form climate model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 4 (1999), S. 235-242 
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: global change ; CO2 emission ; game theory ; Pareto's equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract If there are no doubts that we must reduce the total emission of carbon dioxide, then the problem of how much different countries should be allowed to contribute to this amount remains a serious one. We suggest this problem to be considered as a non-antagonistic game (in Germeier's sense). A game of this kind is called an “emission game”. Suppose that there are n independent actors (countries or regions), each of them releasing a certain amount of CO2 per year (in carbon units) into the atmosphere, and that the emission would be reduced by each actor. Each actor has his own aim: to minimise the loss in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) caused by the reduction of emissions. On the other hand, taking into account that it is impossible to estimate more or less precisely the impact of the climate change on GDP for each country today, a common strategy will be to reduce the climate change. Since one of the main leading factors in global warming is the greenhouse effect, then the common aim will be to reduce the sum of emissions. This is a typical conflict situation. How to resolve it? We can weigh the “egoistic” and “altruistic” criteria for each actor introducing the so-called “coefficients of egoism”. This coefficient is very large, if the actor uses a very egoistic strategy, and conversely, if the actor is a “super-altruist”, then the corresponding coefficient is very small. Using these coefficients we get the general solution of the game in a form of some Pareto's equilibrium. The solution is stable and efficient.
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