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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1983-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1980-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1983-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Sintered microporous cylinders of hydroxyapatite (OHA), tertiary calcium phosphate (β-TCP and rhenanite (CaNaPO4) were implanted in the bone of the forehead of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa). Implants together with the surrounding bone were retrieved after 6 and 12 weeks. X-ray diffraction showed that OHA and β-TCP maintain their crystal structure upon implantation. However, rhenanite is transformed completely into an apatite within 6 weeks. This apatite later incorporates sodium and carbonate. Both β-TCP and rhenanite implants showed some resorption but were otherwise covered with new bone. Electron microprobe analysis showed that the mineral at the interface had a Ca/P ratio characteristic of new bone. At a certain distance from the interface lower Ca/P ratios were found, characteristic of precursor phases of bone mineral. This suggests that the deposition of new bone starts, at least partially, from the surface of the implant. Therefore, β-TCP as well as rhenanite may be called an osteoconductive biomaterial.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A calciumphosphate cement, consisting mainly of tricalciumphosphate (85% α-TCP and 15% β-TCP), was inserted in 16 surgical defects created in the tibia of goats. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that after 3 months of implantation the α-TCP was transformed to hydroxyapatite (HA). Histological evaluation revealed that the presence of cement stimulated the ingrowth of bone compared with unfilled cavities. Active resorption and remodelling of cement particles was observed. The cement did not evoke an inflammatory reaction. At 6 months after implantation no further changes in the composition of the cement occurred. All remaining material was surrounded by mature bone.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 1477-1484 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Plasma-sprayed hydroxylapatite coatings on metals such as titanium have been investigated for many years and have shown a good biocompatibility when implanted in bony tissues. Radiofrequency magnetron sputtering was used as an alternative method to deposit thin films of hydroxylapatite on titanium substrates. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the sputtered layer was crystalline with a preferred (001) crystallographic orientation with the C-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the deposited films had a uniform and dense structure. The calcium phosphate ratio varied between 1.5 and 2.0, as determined by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The in vitro dissolution appeared to be determined by the degree of the coating's crystallinity. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 466 (1980), S. 76-80 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Dehydratation von Calciumhydroxylapatit auf seine ZellparameterHydroxylapatit-Proben mit unterschiedlichem Ca/P-Verhältnissen wurden durch Festkörperreaktion dargestellt.Temperung bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen bei einem PH2O von 5 mm Hg ergab unterschiedliche Dehydratationsgrade. Die Zellparameter a und c wurden mit hoher Genauigkeit bestimmt und scheinen mit dem OH-Gehalt zu sinken. Die Proben waren bei Raumtemperatur stabil, was die Theorie widerlegt, daß der kariessenkende Effekt des Fluorids auf der Diffusionshemmung im Hydroxylapatit beruht.
    Notes: Hydroxylapatite samples with different Ca/P ratio's were prepared by solid state reaction. Heating at different temperatures under PH2O = 5 mm Hg resulted in different degrees of dehydration. Cell parameters a and c were determined with a high accuracy and appeared to decrease with the OH content. The samples were stable in air at room temperature which disproves the theory that the caries reducing effect of fluoride would be due to the inhibition of diffusion in hydroxyapatite.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 505 (1983), S. 48-52 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Feste Lösungen zwischen β-Ca3(PO4)2 und natriumhaltigem WhitlockitMischungen von CaHPO4, CaCO3 und Na2CO3 wurden bis zur Phasen- und Gewichtskonstanz bei 870°C unter feuchtem und trockenem CO2 geglüht. Nach der chemischen Analyse und Röntgendiffraktometrie wird das Stabilitätsgebiet der β-Ca3(PO4)2-Phase begrenzt vom molaren P/Ca-Verhältnis von 0,664 ± 0,003 und 0,675 ± 0,010 unabhängig vom Wasserdampfpartialdruck. Eine kontinuierliche Reihe von festen Lösungen wurde zwischen β-Ca3(PO4)2 und einem neuen Whitlockit der Zusammensetzung Ca10Na(PO4)7 gefunden. Die IR-Spektren dieser festen Lösungen zeigen, daß die Punktsymmetrie der PO4-Gruppen und ihrer Umgebung steigt mit zunehmendem Natriumgehalt. Dies steht in Übereinstimmung mit den publizierten Daten über die Struktur des β-Ca3(PO4)2 und Whitlockit. Die Zusammensetzung dieser festen Lösungen deutet darauf, daß die Na+-Ionen die H+-Ionen in der Whitlockit-Struktur ersetzen können. Carbonat- und Pyrophosphat-Ionen werden nicht in diesen Whitlockiten eingebaut.
    Notes: Mixtures of CaHPO4, CaCO3, and Na2CO3 were heated at 870°C under steam or under dry CO2 until phase composition and weight were constant. According to chemical analysis and X-ray diffractometry the stability field of the β-Ca3(PO4)2 phase is limited by the molar P/Ca ratio of 0.664 ± 0.003 and 0.675 ± 0.010 irrespective of the partial water vapour pressure. A continuous series of solid solutions was found between β-Ca3(PO4)2 and a new whitlockite with the composition Ca10Na(PO4)7. The IR spectrum of these solid solutions shows that the point symmetry of the PO4 groups and their environment increases with increasing sodium content. This is in agreement with data published about the structure of β-Ca3(PO4)2 and whitlockite. The composition of these solid solutions suggests that Na+ ions can replace H+ ions in the whitlockite structure. Carbonate and pyrophosphate ions are not incorporated in these whitlockites.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 507 (1983), S. 206-212 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Whitlockit-Phase im System CaO—P2O5—MgO bei 1000°CMischungen von CaHPO4, MgO und CaCO3 werden bei 1000°C sowohl in Luft als auch in trockenem CO2 gesintert zur Untersuchung des Stabilitätsbereiches des β-Ca3(PO4)2 im ternären CaO—P2O5—MgO-System in Abhängigkeit vom CaO—P2O5- und β-Ca3(PO4)2—Mg3-(PO4)2-Verhältnis.Das Ausmaß der Substitution des Ca durch Mg im β-Ca3(PO4)2 wurde zu etwa 14,7% Mg bestimmt, sowohl in Luft als auch in trockenem CO2. Die Gitterparameter für Produkte mit verschiedenem Substitutionsgrad werden angegeben. Bis zu 10%iger Substitution erfolgt eine Verkürzung der c-Achse und danach ein Ansteigen bei weiterer Substitution des Ca durch Mg. Dies beruht wahrscheinlich auf einer Substitution in zwei verschiedenen Teilgittern.Bei 1000°C konnte das Carbonat-Ion in die β-Ca3(PO4)2-Struktur nicht eingebaut werden und entlang der CaO—P2O5-Achse wurde der Ca/P-Bereich für feste Lösungen für β-Ca3(PO4)2 als unmeßbar klein sowohl in Luft als auch in trockenem CO2 gefunden.
    Notes: Mixtures of reagent grade CaHPO4, MgO, and CaCO3 were sintered at 1000°C both in air and in dry carbon dioxide to investigate the stability field of β-Ca3(PO4)2 in the ternary CaO—P2O5—MgO system along the CaO—P2O5 and the β-Ca3(PO4)2—Mg3(PO4)2 join.The extent of substitution of Mg for Ca in β-Ca3(PO4)2 was determined to be near 14.7% Mg of the cat-ions, both in air and in dry carbon dioxide. Lattice parameters of products with various degrees of substitution are presented. There is a decrease of the c-axis up to 10% substitution after which an increase of the c-axis occurs on further substitution of Ca by Mg. This is probably related to substitution in two different sublattices.At 1000°C the carbonate ion could not be incorporated in the β-Ca3(PO4)2 structure, and along the CaO—P2O5 join the Ca/P range of solid solution for β-Ca3(PO4)2 was found to be immeasurably small both in air and in dry carbon-dioxide.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effects of discharge radiofrequency (RF) power and film thickness were studied on the characteristics of Ca5(PO4)3OH (hydroxyapatite) thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. The structure and chemical composition were investigated with α-step (thickness), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and infrared absorption spectrometry (FTIR). The films were analyzed assputtered and after annealing at 550°C under argon flow. SEM showed that the film surfaces had no cracks or other defects. X-ray diffraction showed that the deposited films were amorphous with low-discharge RF power, and crystalline with high-discharge RF power. After annealing, all the films had the same crystalline structure as apatite. However, the RBS measurements revealed that all films had a higher calcium-phosphate ratio than standard synthetic hydroxyapatite. Furthermore, statistical testing of the RBS data revealed the existence of only a weak correlation between the Ca/P ratio and the discharge power level. Although all sputtered films showed phosphate bonds in the infrared spectrum, only after annealing did the OH bonds of hydroxyapatite become visible. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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