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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Registration of thermal images is complicated by distinctive differences in the appearance of day and night features needed as control in the registration process. These changes are unlike those that occur between Landsat scenes and pose unique constraints. Experimentation with several potentially promising techniques has led to selection of a fairly simple scheme for registration of data from the experimental thermal satellite HCMM using an affine transformation. Two registration examples are provided.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 48; Feb. 198
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Skylab photographs are superior to ERTS images for photogeologic interpretation, primarily because of improved resolution. Lithologic contacts can be detected consistently better on Skylab S190A photos than on ERTS images. Color photos are best; red and green band photos are somewhat better than color-infrared photos; infrared band photos are worst. All major geologic structures can be recognized on Skylab imagery. Large folds, even those with very gentle flexures, can be mapped accurately and with confidence. Bedding attitudes of only a few degrees are recognized; vertical exaggeration factor is about 2.5X. Mineral deposits in central Colorado may be indicated on Skylab photos by lineaments and color anomalies, but positive identification of these features is not possible. S190A stereo color photography is adequate for defining drainage divides that in turn define the boundaries and distribution of ground water recharge and discharge areas within a basin.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10383 , NASA-CR-144513 , REPT-75-7
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three major investigations using LANDSAT and Skylab imagery concerned with analyses of color anomalies and linear features of central Colorado are discussed. The studies conducted are concerned with the geological significance of spectral and spatial features on the images. Color anomalies in Skylab photographs were analyzed and evaluated for locating indicators of mineralization. The relationships were determined of all linear features in a LANDSAT image to the rock joint systems and the detectable larger geologic structures; techniques for extracting that geologic information are indicated. Some anomalous megalinear features in LANDSAT and Skylab images are analyzed which transect major structures and, their associated geologic features are described.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: G-10 , NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Surv. Symp., Vol. 1-B; p 713-760
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Neither iterative registration, using drainage intersection maps for control, nor cross correlation techniques were satisfactory in registering day and night HCMM imagery. A procedure was developed which registers the image pairs by selecting control points and mapping the night thermal image to the daytime thermal and reflectance images using an affine transformation on a 1300 by 1100 pixel image. The resulting image registration is accurate to better than two pixels (RMS) and does not exhibit the significant misregistration that was noted in the temperature-difference and thermal-inertia products supplied by NASA. The affine transformation was determined using simple matrix arithmetic, a step that can be performed rapidly on a minicomputer.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10210 , NASA-CR-168773
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Shadow enhancement of topographic linears in photographic or scanner images is a valuable tool for interpretation of geologic structures. Whether linears will be enhanced or subdued depends on sun angle and azimuth. The relationship of the sun's attitude to topographic slopes determines which trends are available for interpretation in existing imagery, and it can be used to select the time of day, surface properties, and film and filter characteristics in planning aircraft flights or satellite orbital passes. The technique of selective shadow enhancement can be applied to all photographic or imaging experiments, but is best for snow-covered scenes, side-looking radar images, and painted relief models.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote sensing of earth resources. Volume 3 - Third Conference on Earth Resources Observation and Information Analysis System; Mar 25, 1974 - Mar 27, 1974; Tullahoma, TN
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Research activities on geologic remote sensing applications for Colorado are summarized. Projects include: regional and detailed geologic mapping, surficial and engineering geology, fracture studies, uranium exploration, hydrology, and data reduction and enhancement. The acquisition of remote sensor data is also discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-137363 , REPT-73-4
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Topography was found to be the most important factor defining folds on ERTS-1 imagery of northwestern Colorado; tonal variations caused by rock reflectance and vegetation type and density are the next most important factors. Photo-linears mapped on ERTS-1 imagery of central Colorado correlate well with ground-measured joint and fracture trends. In addition, photo-linears have been successfully used to determine the location and distribution of metallic mineral deposits in the Colorado Mineral Belt. True color composites are best for general geologic analysis and false color composites prepared with positive/negative masks are useful for enhancing local geologic phenomena. During geologic analysis of any given area, ERTS-1 imagery from several different dates should be studied.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10330 , NASA-CR-136825 , REPT-73-5 , PR-9
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Discovery of three major north-trending, throughgoing faults in the Front Range, previously mapped only as isolated segments, demonstrates the utility of space photography and may lead to reinterpretation of the Front Range tectonic style. Faulting and alteration appear to be the most useful indicators of mineralization in central Colorado. These phenomena appear on Skylab photography as tonal lineaments and color anomalies. Twenty-three lineaments have been mapped in the San Juan Mountains, the longest of which is 156 km long. Twelve lineaments intersect or are tangent to calderas. Intrusive domes are aligned along lineaments, but calderas appear to occur at the intersections of major lineaments. Lineaments can be recognized on some EREP passes but not on other passes over the same area. The difference is attributed to solar elevation effects. Bedding attitudes can be photogeologically estimated down to surprisingly low dips, on the order of + or - 1-2 deg, and attitudes can be subdivided easily into quantitative groups. The primary application of Skylab photography to geologic mapping in montane areas is clearly limited to regional mapping at scales smaller than 1:24,000.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10613 , NASA-CR-138722 , REPT-74-6
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Extracting geologic information from ERTS and Skylab/EREP images is best done by a geologist trained in photointerpretation. The information is at a regional scale, and three basic types are available: rock and soil, geologic structures, and landforms. Discrimination between alluvium and sedimentary or crystalline bedrock, and between units in thick sedimentary sequences is best, primarily because of topographic expression and vegetation differences. Discrimination between crystalline rock types is poor. Folds and fractures are the best displayed geologic features. They are recognizable by topographic expression, drainage patterns, and rock or vegetation tonal patterns. Landforms are easily discriminated by their familar shapes and patterns. It is possible to optimize the scale, format, spectral bands, conditions of acquisition, and sensor systems for best geologic interpretation. Several examples demonstrate the applicability of satellite images to tectonic analysis and petroleum and mineral exploration.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10507 , NASA-CR-138230 , REPT-74-3 , Ann. Remote Sensing of Earth Resources Conf.; Mar 26, 1974; Tullahoma, TN; United States
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Shadow enhancement of topographic linears in photographic or scanner images is a valuable tool for interpretation of geologic structures. Whether linears will be enhanced or subdued depends on sun angle and azimuth. The relationship of the sun's attitude to topographic slopes determines which trends are available for interpretation in existing imagery, and it can be used to select the time of day, surface properties, and film and filter characteristics in planning aircraft flights or satellite orbital passes. The technique of selective shadow enhancement can be applied to all photographic or imaging experiments, but its best for snow-covered scenes, side-looking radar images, and painted relief models.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10509 , NASA-CR-138232 , REPT-74-5 , Ann. Remote Sensing of Earth Resources Conf.; Mar 25, 1974; Tullahoma, TN; United States
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