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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological characteristics of Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc., in declined forests at Mt. Gokurakuji in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan (2000)
    Springer
    Trees 14 (2000), S. 305-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Air pollution ; Ethylene ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Photosynthesis ; Pinus densiflora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The decline of Japanese red pine trees (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) at Mt. Gokurakuji (693 m a.s.l.), 30 km west of Hiroshima city, west Japan, was studied. The effects of air pollution and acid deposition on the physiological characteristics of the trees, especially those of the needles, were investigated. Ozone concentration was not correlated with the physiological status of the needles and SO2 concentration was not high in the declined area. NO2 concentration correlated negatively with needle longevity while it correlated positively with ethylene emission from 1-year-old needles. Average needle longevity was about 2.8 years in non-declined areas; however the longevity was 1.3 years in the most polluted area. The minimal fluorescence at night (F 0)of 1-year-old needles decreased with increasing NO2 concentration. The maximum stomatal conductance (gl), net photosynthesis (P n)and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) in the declined areas were lower than in the non- declined areas (about 50%, 30% and 20% lower, respectively). The lower C isuggested that the major part of the decrease in P ncan be explained by stomatal restriction. The soil pH, N content and C/N ratio showed no significant difference between the declined and non-declined areas. The physiological disorders of needles were due to the damage by air pollutants, and important roles of NO2 are suggested. Lowering of P n and the shortening of needle longevity appear to be the main causes of the decline in pines in the forest decline area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009772
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in physical properties and cell wall polysaccharides of tomato (Lycoperskon esculentum) pericarp tissues (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 89 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Green and red tomato pericarp tissues were subjected to stress-relaxation analyses to evaluate their physical properties. Significant decreases in the initial stress, minimum stress-relaxation and maximum stress-relaxation times in the red tissues predict the losses of both viscosity and elasticity in the tissue. Cell walls of red fruit yielded more water-soluble polysaccharides and less pectin, hemicelluloses and cellulose. Average molecular mass of pectin determined by gel filtration chromatography was similar in the green and red, but molecular mass of hemicellulose of red fruit walls was reduced to 50% of that of the green fruit. The decreases in the amount of hemicellulose B and in the average molecular mass were associated primarily with the degradation of xylo-glucans. These data demonstrate that pectin solubilization, depolymerization of xyloglucans and over-all changes in the quantity of cell wall polysaccharide fractions contribute to tomato fruit softening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05273.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small complex-type N-linked glycans are attached to cell-wall bound exo-β-glucanases of both mung bean and barley seedlings (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 112 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: N-linked glycans of wall-bound exo-β-glucanases from mung bean and barley seedlings, namely Mung-ExoI and Barley-ExoII, were characterized. The N-linked glycans of Mung-ExoI and Barley-ExoII were liberated by gas-phase hydrazinolysis followed by re-N-acetylation. Their structures were determined by two-dimensional sugar-mapping analysis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. N-glycans from both glucanases were of paucimannosidic-type (small complex-type) structures, Manα1-6(±Manα1-3)(Xylβ1-2)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4(±Fucα1-3) GlcNAc, which are known as typical vacuole-type N-glycans. The results suggest that N-glycans of cell-wall glucanase were produced by partial trimming of complex-type N-glycans by exoglycosidases during its transport from Golgi apparatus to cell walls or in the cell walls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120302.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in cell-wall polysaccharides from the mesocarp of grape berries during veraison (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 111 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Softening of grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.×V. labruscana cv. Kyoho) was evaluated by studying changes in composition and degradation of cell-wall polysaccharides. The grape berry softens at the beginning of the second growth cycle many weeks before harvest. The softening stage is called ‘veraison’ by viticulturists. On day 50 after full bloom, green hard berries (before veraison [BV]), softening berries (veraison [V]) and partly peel colored berries (C) were selected from the same clusters. In addition, mature berries (M) were collected on day 78 after full bloom. Mesocarp tissues at each stage were fractionated into hot water-soluble (WS), hot EDTA-soluble (pectin), alkali-soluble (hemicellulose) and residual (cellulose) fractions. Neutral and acidic sugar contents of WS and pectin fractions decreased only after the V stage, while the neutral sugar content of the hemicellulose fraction decreased from the BV to V stages. Cellulose content constantly decreased as the berry ripened, but the large decrease was found from the BV to V stages. Molecular masses of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides decreased from the BV to V stages. Hemicellulosic xyloglucan was markedly depolymerized from the BV to V stages. The neutral and acidic sugar composition of each fraction changed little during the berry ripening. These data indicated that softening of berry during veraison involved the depolymerization of pectin and xyloglucan molecules and decrease in the amounts of hemicellulose and cellulose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1110209.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit softening in banana: correlation among stress-relaxation parameters, cell wall components and starch during ripening (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 90 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bananas, Musa (AAA group, Cavendish subgroup) ‘Giant Cavendish’, were ripened in a biotron at 25°C with ethylene during 4 days. Changes in mechanical properties of pulp were detected by a stress-relaxation technique. The decrease in T0, the parameter for minimum stress-relaxation time, began between day 0.5 and 1, while the decrease in initial stress began between day 0 and 0.5, suggesting that the decrease in elasticity and viscosity of pulp is a crucial physical event of pulp softening. Cellulose and moisture contents were about 3 and 780 mg (g fresh weight)−1, respectively, which were unchanged during ripening. The decrease in starch content of cell materials and in uronic acid content of the pectic polysaccharides of the cell walls began between day 0.5 and 1. As regards the sugar composition of the hemicellulose fraction, decreases in arabinose, mannose and galactose contents began between day 0 and 0.5. The results show that the partial decrease in hemicelluloses preceded the breakdown of starch and suggest that the coordinated degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides and starch is the main cause for the pulp softening process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02536.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of D-tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid in coleoptiles of a normal and a semi-dwarf barley (Hordeum vulgare) strain (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 79 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Exogenously applied D-tryptophan (D-Trp) was more effective than L-Trp in inducing elongation of coleoptile segments of a normal barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Akashinriki) strain and a semi-dwarf strain with lower endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level. D-cycloserine, an inhibitor of D-aminotransferase, completely inhibited both the D- and L-Trp-induced elongation of both strains. Addition of D-Trp increased IAA levels in both strains 4-fold over endogenous levels. The increase in IAA level was completely inhibited by D-cycloserine. The endogenous L-Trp level of semi-dwarf coleoptiles was similar to that of normal ones. These results suggested that IAA is synthesized by the conversion of L-Trp to indole-3-pyruvic acid via D-Trp in both strains, and that the lower IAA level of the semi-dwarf strain probably is a result of the impeded IAA biosynthesis involved in D-Trp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb06733.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the outer tissue in abscisic acid-mediated growth suppression of etiolated squash hypocotyl segments (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 75 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) substantially suppressed the elongation of hypocotyl segments of etiolated squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. cv. Houkou-Aokawaamaguri) after a 3 h lag period, without changes in the osmolalities of the apoplastic and symplastic solutions in the segment.Segments with the outer tissues removed elongated more rapidly than unpeeled segments (whole segments). ABA did not suppress the elongation of peeled segments. When the segments were incubated in [14C]-glucose, radioactivity was more effectively incorporated into the cell wall fractions of the outer than into those of the inner tissue. ABA significantly inhibited the incorporation of radioactivity into hermicellulose and cellulose of the outer tissue prior to the suppression of segment elongation, but it did not inhibit the incorporation into the pectic traction of the outer tissue or into any of the cell wall fractions of the inner tissue. These results indicate that ABA primarily affected the outer tissue, in which it specifically reduced the synthesis of hemicellulose and cellulose prior to the ABA-mediated suppression of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb06162.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil salinity and pH in Japanese mangrove forests and growth of cultivated mangrove plants in different soil conditions (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 107 (1994), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Mangrove ; Salinity ; Soil pH ; Zonal distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Soil conditions of mangrove forests in southern Japan were found to correlate largely with zonal distributions of the species.Kandelia candel grew in soils with low salinity and low pH,Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa andSonneratia alba in soils with high salinity and high pH, andBruguiera gymnorrhiza in soil with a wide range of pH but limited range of salinity.Lumnitzera racemosa colonized soil with a wide range of pH and medium salinity. Seedlings ofKandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza andRhizophora stylosa were planted in soils with differing salinity and pH. Optimum seedling growth ofKandelia, Bruguiera andRhizophora occurred when plants were cultivated in soils similar to those of their natural habitats, suggesting that growth of mangrove species and their zonal distributions were regulated by salinity and soil pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344528
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable soil pH of thai mangroves in dry and rainy seasons and its relation to zonal distribution of mangroves (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 107 (1994), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Keywords: Dry and rainy season ; Mangrove ; Salinity ; Soil pH ; Thailand ; Zonal distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Soil characteristics of mangrove forests at Amphur Laemngob, Trat Province, east Thailand were investigated in both dry andrainy seasons. Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba andRhizophora mucronata mainly grew as seaward mangroves.Rhizophora apiculata, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha andBruguiera gymnorrhiza grew as meso mangroves in most cases.Lumnitzera racemosa was found as a landward mangrove. The salinity of the soil in which these 8 species grew was significantly higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Soil pH did not change irrespective of the season. Each species seemed to grow at inherent soil pH. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba andAvicennia marina were found both in Japan and Thailand. The soil pH of each mangrove species was similar in Japan and Thailand. The soil salinity of each mangrove species in Japan was similar to that in Thailand in the dry season. It was suggested that soil pH and salinity in the dry season are the important factors governing the zonal distribution of mangroves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344529
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of abscisic acid and auxin as related to dormancy breaking ofAllium wakegi bulblets by vacuum infiltration and BA treatment (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 8 (1989), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Dormant bulblets of the sterile green onion,Allium wakegi, broke dormancy and sprouted when infiltrated with water for 1 h at the reduced pressure of 25 kPa or when dipped in 20 ppm of benzylaminopurine (BA) for 1 h at normal (100 kPa) or reduced pressure. One day after the treatment, the abscisic acid (ABA) contents greatly decreased in bulblets treated with BA at both reduced and normal pressure as well as in bulblets treated with water at reduced pressure. The ABA content of bulblets dipped only in water at normal pressure remained relatively high throughout the study. Changes in 2-trans-abscisic acid (t-ABA) and IAA content of bulblets showed no correlation with breaking of dormancy. Dormancy breaking ofAllium wakegi bulblets appears to be related to a sharp decrease in ABA content in the bulblets as a result of water infiltration or BA treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02024921
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