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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 55 (1933), S. 801-803 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Bicoid activity ; Heterospecific transplantation ; bicoid orthologous homeobox fragments ; Calliphoridae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to test for bicoid-like activity in insects other than Drosophila melanogaster, anterior egg cytoplasm from the following species was injected into cleavage stage embryos from mutant D. melanogaster lacking a functional bicoid (bcd) product: six other Drosophila species, the housefly, three blowfly species, the primitive cyclorrhaphic dipteran Megaselia, and the honeybee Apis mellifera; preliminary tests were made with four lower dipterans (Nematocera). Rescue effects were only observed with the drosophilids, housefly, and two of the three blowfly species. Rescue was stronger with the drosophilids than with the other flies as donors. Where checked (D. pseudoobscura), a positive correlation was found between the amount of cytoplasm injected and the number of pattern elements formed, suggesting threshold effects upon target genes as with the endogenous bcd product. By polymerase chain reaction, fragments from a bcd-orthologous homeobox were cloned from the three blowfly species. The derived sequence of 43 amino acids was identical in all blowflies and the housefly but differed at 4 positions from the orthologous D. melanogaster sequence. Localization of the mRNA recognized by the respective fragments in the blowflies Lucilia and Phormia resembled that known from D. melanogaster, while Calliphora — the blowfly species lacking rescue activity —showed remarkable differences of localization in both ovarian follicles and the deposited egg cell. This surprising divergence within a morphologically rather uniform family of cyclorrhaphic dipterans should be of interest from both functional and evolutionary points of view.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 20 (1928), S. 115-122 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 63 (1981), S. 117-124 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents Unbalanced magnetic pull (u.m.p.) in induction and synchronous machines is usually calculated by integrating the mechanical tension on the eccentric rotor around its surface. The invariant u.m.p. follows from parametric magnetic fields in the air-gap caused by a 2-pole-oscillation of the magnetic resistance. Whe deriving the u.m.p. from the magnetic energy it bcomes evident that the energy of the parametric waves is always zero. The apparent discrepancy between the
    Notes: Übersicht Bei dem herkömmlichen Berechnungsverfahren für die einseitig magnetischen zugkräfte in Drehfeldmaschinen geht man von den Maxwell'schen Zugspannungen aus, die auf einen exzentrischen Läufer wirken. Der zeitlich konstante einseitig magnetische Zug ergibt sich aus parametrisch erregten Luftspaltfeldern, welche durch Leitwertschwankungen der Polpaarzahl eins entstehen. Die alteinative Ermittlung der Zugkräfte aus der magnetischen Energie des Luftspaltfeldes zeigt, daß Leitwertrehwellen der Polpaarzahl eins keinen Beitrag liefern. In dem Aufsatz wird der scheinbare Widerspruch zwischen den beiden Berechnungsverfahren aufgeklärt. Sowohl die Behandlung in mathematisch geschlossener Form als auch die Anwendung der Drehfeldtheorie ergeben, daß neben den bisher bekannten Gleichkräften bei Läuferexzentrizitäten zusätzliche Wechselkräfte entstehen, deren Frequenz bei statischen Exzentrizitäten gleich der doppelten Netzfrequenz und bei dynamischen Exzentrizitäten gleich der doppelten Schlupffrequenz ist. Die Amplituden der Wechselkräfte hängen von Polzahl und Größe der Verlagerung ab; bei zweipoligen Maschinen liegen sie in der Größenordnung von 50% der Gleichkräfte. Die Kräfte werden für Sperisung der Maschine aus einem starren Netz und mit konstanten Strom berechnet. Bei kleinen Exzentrizitäten sind die Unterschiede gering. Die bisher nicht beachteten einseitig magnetischen Wechselkräfte wurden an zwei Maschinen auch experimentell nachgewiesen. Um die fundamentalen Wirkungsmechanismen offen zu legen, wurden in der Arbeit Eisensättigung und Läuferrückwirkung vernachlässigt und nur der Grund-Strombelag berücksichtigt.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 26 (1932), S. 301-305 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We have isolated a homologue to the Drosophila caudal (cad) gene from the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and have studied its expression pattern. The Tribolium caudal (Tc-cad) gene arrangement is unusual in that there is a partial duplication of the gene resulting in alternative transcripts with identical 5′-exons, but different 3′-exons encoding two different homeoboxes. Expression analysis was done by whole-mount in situ hybridization and by staining with an antibody raised against the N-terminal part of the protein that is common to both transcripts. At early stages we observe a homogeneously distributed maternal mRNA which is initially also translated throughout the embryo. A little later, a posterior to anterior CAD protein gradient is formed, very similar to that in Drosophila. However, because of the differences in the fate map between Drosophila and Tribolium, the CAD protein expression at blastoderm stage covers the prospective head and thoracic region and not the abdomen as in Drosophila. Expression of Tc-cad in the prospective abdomen is only seen during further germband growth where it becomes restricted to the growth zone in which the segments are formed. This expression is very similar to the growth zone expression in the somitogenic region seen for cad homologues in vertebrates. After the completion of the segmentation process Tc-cad expression becomes confined to a terminal stripe which resembles a similar stripe at late blastoderm stages in Drosophila.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents A method of calculation of all current and voltage wave shapes of a de-machine is given. The method is based on a field-harmonic theory which takes all armature reactions between stator and rotor into account. The self- and mutual inductances depend on the rotor position and are obtained by finite element calculations and then resolved into Fourierseries. The switching between brush and commutator is simulated by brush contact resistances which depend on the rotor position and become at times infinity. A simple test machine has been investigated. The results obtained by the field harmonic theory are in good agreement with the measurements. The voltage between adjacent commutator segments seems to be a distinctive quantity to examine the commutation quality.
    Notes: Übersicht Es wird ein Verfahren zur Berechnung des zeitlichen Verlaufes aller Ströme und Spannungen einer Gleichstrommaschine beschrieben. Die Berechnung ist als Oberfeldtheorie aufgebaut, wobei alle Rückwirkungen zwischen Stator und Rotor erfaßt werden. Die ortsabhängigen Selbst-und Gegeninduktivitäten werden unter genauer Berücksichtigung der Geometrie aus numerischen Feldberechnungen gewonnen und in Form von Fourierreihen in die Oberfeld-theoric eingeführt. Der Schaltvorgang zwischen Bürste und Lamelle wird durch rotorpositionsabhängige Bürstenüber-gangswiderstände beschrieben, die zeitweise unendlich werden. Als Anwendungsbeispiel für die Oberfeldtheorie und zum Vergleich mit Messungen dient eine einfache Versuchs-maschine. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen Berechnung und Messung ist als gut zu bezeichnen. Insbesondere die zwischen zwei benachbarten Lamellen auftretende Spannung erscheint zur Beurteilung der Kommutierung geeignet.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 3449-3454 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intrachain exciton quenching in ladder-type polyparaphenylene has been quantified for the first time. Two-phonon absorption and subsequent upconverted photoluminescence of ladder-type polyparaphenylene and polyfluorene has been measured and analyzed with a new theoretical framework for the two-photon absorption saturation. This microscopic analysis determines the number of singlet excitons as a function of the excitation intensity, which is compared to the photoluminescence intensity. The absorption saturation alone perfectly describes the photoluminescence saturation in polyfluorene, whereas in ladder-type polyparaphenylene, exciton–exciton quenching occurs. By measuring in solution, the formation of stacked polymer chains is prevented. Therefore, the quenching is due to intrachain interaction. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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