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  • 1
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    Electronic phase transitions under hydrostatic pressure in LaMnO_{3} (111) bilayers sandwiched between LaAlO_{3} (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-14
    Description: Author(s): H. A. Tahini, F. Cossu, N. Singh, S. C. Smith, and U. Schwingenschlögl Using ab initio calculations, we investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the electronic structure of LaMnO 3 (111) bilayers sandwiched between LaAlO 3 . In the ideal heterostructure we observe Dirac cones at the Fermi energy. However, octahedral tiltings open a band gap and thus destroy the D… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 035117] Published Wed Jan 13, 2016
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Lunar impact basins revealed by Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory measurements (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Observations from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission indicate a marked change in the gravitational signature of lunar impact structures at the morphological transition, with increasing diameter, from complex craters to peak-ring basins. At crater diameters larger than ~200 km, a central positive Bouguer anomaly is seen within the innermost peak ring, and an annular negative Bouguer anomaly extends outward from this ring to the outer topographic rim crest. These observations demonstrate that basin-forming impacts remove crustal materials from within the peak ring and thicken the crust between the peak ring and the outer rim crest. A correlation between the diameter of the central Bouguer gravity high and the outer topographic ring diameter for well-preserved basins enables the identification and characterization of basins for which topographic signatures have been obscured by superposed cratering and volcanism. The GRAIL inventory of lunar basins improves upon earlier lists that differed in their totals by more than a factor of 2. The size-frequency distributions of basins on the nearside and farside hemispheres of the Moon differ substantially; the nearside hosts more basins larger than 350 km in diameter, whereas the farside has more smaller basins. Hemispherical differences in target properties, including temperature and porosity, are likely to have contributed to these different distributions. Better understanding of the factors that control basin size will help to constrain models of the original impactor population.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Anatase TiO2 single crystals with a large percentage of reactive facets (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-30
    Description: Owing to their scientific and technological importance, inorganic single crystals with highly reactive surfaces have long been studied. Unfortunately, surfaces with high reactivity usually diminish rapidly during the crystal growth process as a result of the minimization of surface energy. A typical example is titanium dioxide (TiO2), which has promising energy and environmental applications. Most available anatase TiO(2) crystals are dominated by the thermodynamically stable {101} facets (more than 94 per cent, according to the Wulff construction), rather than the much more reactive {001} facets. Here we demonstrate that for fluorine-terminated surfaces this relative stability is reversed: {001} is energetically preferable to {101}. We explored this effect systematically for a range of non-metallic adsorbate atoms by first-principle quantum chemical calculations. On the basis of theoretical predictions, we have synthesized uniform anatase TiO(2) single crystals with a high percentage (47 per cent) of {001} facets using hydrofluoric acid as a morphology controlling agent. Moreover, the fluorated surface of anatase single crystals can easily be cleaned using heat treatment to render a fluorine-free surface without altering the crystal structure and morphology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Hua Gui -- Sun, Cheng Hua -- Qiao, Shi Zhang -- Zou, Jin -- Liu, Gang -- Smith, Sean Campbell -- Cheng, Hui Ming -- Lu, Gao Qing -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):638-41. doi: 10.1038/nature06964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Queensland 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18509440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrofluoric Acid/chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Quantum Theory ; Thermodynamics ; Titanium/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    The interstellar medium in Andromeda's dwarf spheroidal galaxies - I. Content and origin of the interstellar dust (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-19
    Description: Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are among the most numerous galaxy population in the Universe, but their main formation and evolution channels are still not well understood. The three dwarf spheroidal satellites (NGC 147, NGC 185, and NGC 205) of the Andromeda galaxy are characterized by very different interstellar medium properties, which might suggest them being at different galaxy evolutionary stages. While the dust content of NGC 205 has been studied in detail in an earlier work, we present new Herschel dust continuum observations of NGC 147 and NGC 185. The non-detection of NGC 147 in Herschel SPIRE maps puts a strong constraint on its dust mass (≤128 $^{+124}_{-68}$ M ). For NGC 185, we derive a total dust mass M d = 5.1±1.0  x  10 3 M , which is a factor of ~2–3 higher than that derived from ISO and Spitzer observations and confirms the need for longer wavelength observations to trace more massive cold dust reservoirs. We, furthermore, estimate the dust production by asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and supernovae (SNe). For NGC 147, the upper limit on the dust mass is consistent with expectations of the material injected by the evolved stellar population. In NGC 185 and NGC 205, the observed dust content is one order of magnitude higher compared to the estimated dust production by AGBs and SNe. Efficient grain growth, and potentially longer dust survival times (3–6 Gyr) are required to account for their current dust content. Our study confirms the importance of grain growth in the gas phase to account for the current dust reservoir in galaxies.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: Neuroanatomically precise, genome-wide maps of transcript distributions are critical resources to complement genomic sequence data and to correlate functional and genetic brain architecture. Here we describe the generation and analysis of a transcriptional atlas of the adult human brain, comprising extensive histological analysis and comprehensive microarray profiling of approximately 900 neuroanatomically precise subdivisions in two individuals. Transcriptional regulation varies enormously by anatomical location, with different regions and their constituent cell types displaying robust molecular signatures that are highly conserved between individuals. Analysis of differential gene expression and gene co-expression relationships demonstrates that brain-wide variation strongly reflects the distributions of major cell classes such as neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. Local neighbourhood relationships between fine anatomical subdivisions are associated with discrete neuronal subtypes and genes involved with synaptic transmission. The neocortex displays a relatively homogeneous transcriptional pattern, but with distinct features associated selectively with primary sensorimotor cortices and with enriched frontal lobe expression. Notably, the spatial topography of the neocortex is strongly reflected in its molecular topography-the closer two cortical regions, the more similar their transcriptomes. This freely accessible online data resource forms a high-resolution transcriptional baseline for neurogenetic studies of normal and abnormal human brain function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawrylycz, Michael J -- Lein, Ed S -- Guillozet-Bongaarts, Angela L -- Shen, Elaine H -- Ng, Lydia -- Miller, Jeremy A -- van de Lagemaat, Louie N -- Smith, Kimberly A -- Ebbert, Amanda -- Riley, Zackery L -- Abajian, Chris -- Beckmann, Christian F -- Bernard, Amy -- Bertagnolli, Darren -- Boe, Andrew F -- Cartagena, Preston M -- Chakravarty, M Mallar -- Chapin, Mike -- Chong, Jimmy -- Dalley, Rachel A -- Daly, Barry David -- Dang, Chinh -- Datta, Suvro -- Dee, Nick -- Dolbeare, Tim A -- Faber, Vance -- Feng, David -- Fowler, David R -- Goldy, Jeff -- Gregor, Benjamin W -- Haradon, Zeb -- Haynor, David R -- Hohmann, John G -- Horvath, Steve -- Howard, Robert E -- Jeromin, Andreas -- Jochim, Jayson M -- Kinnunen, Marty -- Lau, Christopher -- Lazarz, Evan T -- Lee, Changkyu -- Lemon, Tracy A -- Li, Ling -- Li, Yang -- Morris, John A -- Overly, Caroline C -- Parker, Patrick D -- Parry, Sheana E -- Reding, Melissa -- Royall, Joshua J -- Schulkin, Jay -- Sequeira, Pedro Adolfo -- Slaughterbeck, Clifford R -- Smith, Simon C -- Sodt, Andy J -- Sunkin, Susan M -- Swanson, Beryl E -- Vawter, Marquis P -- Williams, Derric -- Wohnoutka, Paul -- Zielke, H Ronald -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Hof, Patrick R -- Smith, Stephen M -- Koch, Christof -- Grant, Seth G N -- Jones, Allan R -- 066717/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077155/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1C76HF15069-01-00/PHS HHS/ -- 1C76HF19619-01-00/PHS HHS/ -- G0700399/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0802238/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 20;489(7416):391-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA. mikeh@alleninstitute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22996553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Anatomy, Artistic ; Animals ; *Atlases as Topic ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/cytology/*metabolism ; Calbindins ; Databases, Genetic ; Dopamine/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Health ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Internet ; Macaca mulatta/anatomy & histology/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/cytology/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Post-Synaptic Density/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/genetics ; Species Specificity ; Transcriptome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Abnormal development of peripheral lymphoid organs in mice deficient in lymphotoxin (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-29
    Description: Mice rendered deficient in lymphotoxin (LT) by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells have no morphologically detectable lymph nodes or Peyer's patches, although development of the thymus appears normal. Within the white pulp of the spleen, there is failure of normal segregation of B and T cells. Spleen and peripheral blood contain CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ T cells in a normal ratio, and both T cells subsets have an apparently normal lytic function. Lymphocytes positive for immunoglobulin M are present in increased numbers in both the spleen and peripheral blood. These data suggest an essential role for LT in the normal development of peripheral lymphoid organs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Togni, P -- Goellner, J -- Ruddle, N H -- Streeter, P R -- Fick, A -- Mariathasan, S -- Smith, S C -- Carlson, R -- Shornick, L P -- Strauss-Schoenberger, J -- CA 16885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 29;264(5159):703-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Blastocyst ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/*growth & development/immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/*growth & development/immunology ; Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Peyer's Patches/cytology/growth & development/immunology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The interstellar medium in Andromeda's dwarf spheroidal galaxies - II. Multiphase gas content and ISM conditions (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-23
    Description: We make an inventory of the interstellar medium material in three low-metallicity dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group (NGC 147, NGC 185 and NGC 205). Ancillary H i , CO, Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra, Hα and X-ray observations are combined to trace the atomic, cold and warm molecular, ionized and hot gas phases. We present new Nobeyama CO(1–0) observations and Herschel SPIRE FTS [C i ] observations of NGC 205 to revise its molecular gas content. We derive total gas masses of M g = 1.9–5.5  x 10 5 M for NGC 185 and M g = 8.6–25.0  x 10 5 M for NGC 205. Non-detections combine to an upper limit on the gas mass of M g ≤ 0.3–2.2  x 10 5 M for NGC 147. The observed gas reservoirs are significantly lower compared to the expected gas masses based on a simple closed-box model that accounts for the gas mass returned by planetary nebulae and supernovae. The gas-to-dust mass ratios GDR ~ 37–107 and 48–139 are also considerably lower compared to the expected GDR ~ 370 and 520 for the low metal abundances in NGC 185 (0.36 Z ) and NGC 205 (0.25 Z ), respectively. To simultaneously account for the gas deficiency and low gas-to-dust ratios, we require an efficient removal of a large gas fraction and a longer dust survival time (~1.6 Gyr). We believe that efficient galactic winds (combined with heating of gas to sufficiently high temperatures in order for it to escape from the galaxy) and/or environmental interactions with neighbouring galaxies are responsible for the gas removal from NGC 147, NGC 185 and NGC 205.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ACTION OF BASIC REAGENTS ON SCHIFF'S BASES. I. THE CHLORALNITRANILINE GROUP. (1919)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 41 (1919), S. 1862-1865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02232a018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact ionization in AlxGa1−xAs for x=0.1–0.4 (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 296-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The impact ionization coefficients in AlxGa1−xAs have been experimentally determined for compositions x≤0.4. These data are necessary for accurate device design and modeling. Both α, the electron ionization coefficient, and β, the hole ionization coefficient, decrease with increasing x, and there is no appreciable change in the ratio α/β over the range of compositions and electric fields studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99498
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-performance diffusion disordered AlxGa1−xAs lasers via a self-aligned process and conventional open-tube annealing (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2015-2018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Process conditions for fabricating Si-O impurity-induced layer disorder defined AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs buried heterostructure quantum well lasers utilizing a fully self-aligned planar process and conventional As free open-tube-furnace annealing are presented. An SiO2 layer, deposited by sputtering, was used as a diffusion source for Si and O impurities as well as a source for Ga vacancies that enhance impurity diffusion and allow for a reduction in the required annealing temperature and time. A self-aligned native oxide of the AlxGa1−xAs cladding layer was used to form a Zn diffusion mask and dielectric layer. Lasers fabricated using this process exhibited threshold currents as low as 2.72 mA and external differential quantum efficiencies of 79% at room temperature in continuous operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353142
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