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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of Xylan by Sporocytophaga myxococcoides (1956)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 177 (1956), S. 845-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two strains have been used ; our own was isolated by Dr. H. L. Jensen and another was obtained from Prof. A. J. Kluyver, of Delft. The purity of the cultures was regularly checked by streaking on xylan agar and glucose asparagine yeast extract agar or meat peptone agar. Strips of absorbent ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/177845a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Danish Rhizobium leguminosarum strains nodulating ‘Afghanistan’ pea (Pisum sativum) (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 66 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A wild pea (Pisum sativum L.) native to Afghanistan normally known to be resistant to nodulation with European strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum was nodulated early and effectively in field soil in Denmark. Isolates from nodules formed effective nodules abundantly on ‘Afghanistan’ on reinfection under aseptic conditions. Five types differing in isoenzyme composition pattern were found among 15 isolates from ‘Afghanistan’ nodules. None were identical with the ‘Tom’ strain from Turkey, which also forms effective nodules with ‘Afghanistan’. The five types were also different with respect to isoenzyme pattern from Rhizobium leguminosarum strains isolated from a modern pea variety cultivated in the same field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb01230.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral-fixed ammonium in clay- and silt-size fractions of soils incubated with 15N-ammonium sulphate for five years (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 298-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Mineral-fixed ammonium ; Non-exchangeable ammonium ; Soil particle-size fractions ; Soil texture ; 15N ; N turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four soils with 6, 12, 23, and 47% of clay were incubated for 5 years with 15N-labeled (NH4 2SO4 and hemicellulose. The incubations took place at 20°C and 55% water-holding capacity. Samples of whole soils, and clay- (〈2 μm) and silt-(2–20 μm) size fractions (isolated by ultrasonic dispersion and gravity sedimentation) were analysed for labeled and native mineral-fixed ammonium. Mineral-fixed ammonium in non-incubated soil samples accounted for 3.4%–8.3% of the total N and showed a close positive correlation with the soil clay content (r 2 = 0.997). After 5 years of incubation, the content of mineral-fixed ammonium in the clay fraction was 255–430 μg N g−1, corresponding to 71%–82% of the mineral-fixed ammonium in whole soils. Values for silt were 72–166 μg N g−1 (14%–33% of whole soil content). In the soils with 6% and 12% clay, less than 1 % of the labeled clay N was present as mineral-fixed ammonium. In the soil with 23% clay, 3% of the labeled N in the clay was mineral-fixed ammonium. Labeled mineral-fixed ammonium was not detected in the silt fractions. For whole soils, and clay and silt fractions, the proportion of native N present as mineral-fixed ammonium varied between 3% and 6%. In contrast, the proportion of labeled N found as mineral-fixed ammonium in the soil with 4701o clay was 23%, 38% and 31% for clay, silt, and whole-soil samples, respectively. Corresponding values for native mineral-fixed ammonium were 12%, 16%, and 10%. Consequently, studies based on soil particle-size fractions and addressing the N turnover in clay-rich soils should consider the pool of mineral-fixed ammonium, especially when comparing results from different size fractions with those from fractions isolated from soils of a widely different textural composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263158
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization of organically bound nitrogen in soil as influenced by plant growth and fertilization (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Nitrogen fertilizer ; N-mineralization ; 15N ; Plant N uptake ; Priming effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A loam soil containing an organic fraction labelled with15N was used for pot experiments with spring barley, rye-grass and clover. The organically bound labelled N was mineralized at a rate corresponding to a half-life of about 9 years. Fertilization with 106 and 424 kgN/ha of unlabelled N in the form of KNO3 significantly increased uptake of labelled N from the soil in barley and the first harvest of rye-grass crops. The fertilized plants removed all the labelled NH4 and NO3 present in the soil, whereas the unfertilized plants removed only about 80%. The second, third and fourth harvests of the unfertilized rye-grass took up more labelled N than the fertilized rye-grass. The total uptake in the four harvests was similar whether the plants were fertilized or not. Application of KCl to barley plants in amounts equivalent to that of KNO3 resulted in a small but insignificant increase in uptake of labelled N. The uptake of labelled N in the first harvest of clover which was not fertilized but inoculated with Rhizobium was similar to that of the fully fertilized rye-grass indicating that the biological fixation of N had the same effect as addition of N-fertilizer. N uptake in the following harvests was lower and the total uptake by four harvests of clover was similar to that of rye-grass. There was no indication that fertilization with KNO3 accelerated the mineralization of the organically bound labelled N. The observed apparent ‘priming effect’ of the fertilizer on the uptake of labelled N was compensated by subsequent crops and harvests, and it seems to arise from a more thorough search of the soil volume by a better developed root system of the fertilized plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376802
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of stress treatments on the microbial biomass and the rate of decomposition of humified matter in soils containing different amoutns of clay (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Clay ; Humification ; Stress treatments ; Soil microbial biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary 14C-labelled substrates (glucose, hemicellulose, cellulose, maize straw, and barley straw) were incubated in 4 soils with clay contents of, 6, 12, 16 and 34%. After 2 years an average of 20% of the labelled C remained in the soils; 10% of this residual C was in biomass as determined by fumigation with CHCl3. Air-drying, C addition (unlabelled glucose), heating (80°C), and grinding of the soils accelerated the evolution of labelled CO2. Grinding and heating had the largest effect, increasing CO2 evolution during the first 10 days by a factor of 15 to 22 relative to untreated soil. Air-drying had the least effect; it increased the CO2 evolution 7 to 9 times. The accelerating effect was still measurable, during the third month of incubation when the CO2 evolution was 1.2 to 1.9 times that from untreated soil. The treatments also affected the labelled biomass; air-drying had the least effect, and grinding the most. Three months after these two treatments the biomass was 3/4 and 1/4, respectively, of the amount at the start. On the average the treatments in all four soils had the greatest affect on humified material originating from glucose, hemicellulose, and cellulose; the least effect was on material originating from straw. The addition of unlabelled glucose accelerated the evolution of labelled CO2−C in all four soils. The size of the effect on CO2 evolution and on the biomass was similar to that of air-drying. Grinding killed a larger percentage of the biomass in the sandy soil than in the soils with a high content of clay. The effect of the other treatments was largely the same in all four soils. The effect of the treatments towards the native biomass and humic matter was largely parallel to that on the labelled biomass. The observations are consistent with the view that the biomass as determined by fumigation with CHCl3 mainly consists of dormant organisms. CO2 production — the “biological activity” — was related to the amount of available organic material and not the size of the biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size and persistence of the microbial biomass formed during the humification of glucose, hemicellulose, cellulose, and straw in soils containing different amounts of clay (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: 14C Carbohydrates ; Clay ; Humification ; Soil microbial biomass ; Straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary 14C-labelled substrates were incubated at 20°C in 4 soils with clay contents ranging from 6 to 34%. Glucose was most readily decomposed, followed in order by hemicellulose, cellulose, maize straw, and barley straw. After the first 10 days of incubation, about 60% of the glucose-C had left the soils as CO2, compared with only 23% of the barley-C. The humified matter that remained in the soils after 3 months decayed at almost the same rate whether the origin of the matter was glucose, hemicellulose, cellulose or straw; this rate was, on the whole, independent of the caly content of the soils. Half-life values for the labelled C in the soils during the second and third year of incubation ranged from 5 to 7 years. The amino acid-C percentages of the humified matter tended in all four soils to be largest in matter originating from glucose and least in that originating from straw. The amino acid-C percentages increased with the clay content of the soils. The biomass was determined by fumigation with CHCl3 according to Jenkinson. After 3 months an average of 17% of the residual labelled C was in biomass; the values ranged from 37% when the labelled C was added as glucose to 2–9% when added as barley straw. The half-life of labelled C in biomass during the second year of incubation ranged from 2 to 3 years. Native C in biomass ranged from 0.5 to 1.4% of the total C in native soil organic matter, the highest values occurring in the clay-rich soils. The half-life of native soil C, estimated from CO2 evolution during 3-month periods, ranged from 13 to 29 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178619
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of potato clones and accessions ofSolanum spp. toVerticillium dahliae Kleb. and its toxin (1990)
    Springer
    Potato research 33 (1990), S. 449-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Verticillium wilt ; resistance ; screening ; toxin bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The reaction of 40 potato clones and six accessions ofSolanum spp. to wilt caused byVerticillium dahliae and to the acetone precipitate (AP) of the toxin produced by the pathogen in vitro was studied. There was a highly significant correlation between the wilt reaction of the clones in the glasshouse, the incidence and progress of wilt and severe wilt in the field, and the degree of colonization of stem apices byV. dahliae. Of the clones and accessions evaluated, NDA8694-3, Norgold Russet, BelRus, Superior, Russet Norkotah, Norland andS. demissum were the most susceptible, while A66107-51, A68113-4, Targhee, NDA843-3, Alpha, A7805-8, A7816-14, Russet Nugget,S. chacoense, S. sparsipilum, andS. tarijense were the most resistant to wilt. The reaction of genotypes to the AP ofV. dahliae toxin in an excised leaf bioassay was not correlated with their reaction to Verticillium wilt in the field or glasshouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358022
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  • 8
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    Mineralization of organically bound nitrogen in soil as influenced by plant growth and fertilization (1982)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Size and persistence of the microbial biomass formed during the humification of glucose, hemicellulose, cellulose, and straw in soils containing different amounts of clay (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    The influence of stress treatments on the microbial biomass and the rate of decomposition of humified matter in soils containing different amoutns of clay (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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