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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain analysis of composites by moiré methods (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 13 (1973), S. 246-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Moiré techniques were developed, adapted and applied to the determination of strain fields in filamentary composite laminates. Conventional techniques, using 1000 line-per-inch (Ipi) arrays bonded or photoprinted onto the specimen, were applied to glass-epoxy and boron-epoxy specimens with holes and cracks. Techniques for tenfold fringe multiplication were also applied to glass-epoxy and boron-epoxy laminates with holes. A reflective surface of glass-like smoothness was produced on the specimen and a 500 dot-per-inch grid photoprinted on it. A rigid distortion-free camera was used for recording replicas of the specimen grid by projection photography. These replicas were analyzed with a 200 line-per-millimeter (5080 Ipi) grating for reconstruction of moiré-fringe patterns. These patterns were analyzed by graphical and mechanical differentiation using second-order moiré. Strain distributions and strain-concentration factors were in very good agreement with theoretical and other experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02322621
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holographically determined isopachics and isochromatics in the neighborhood of a crack in a glass composite (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 20 (1980), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The isochromatic and isopachic fringes are obtained holographically in the neighborhood of a central crack in a tensile, orthotropic glass-composite plate. The general inability to separate the principal stresses or strains from such information alone under anisotropic conditions is discussed, as are the results relative to fracture-mechanics implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02321034
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensorial strength analysis of paperboard (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 25 (1985), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Tensorial-type failure criteria with linear and quadratic terms are used to calculate the strength of paperboard under plane stress. Theoretical predictions and experimental data are correlated in all four quadrants of biaxial normal stress with various levels of shear. Several methods are examined for determining the interaction coefficientF 12. Comparisons are made with optimum values obtained from least-squares analyses. The best analytical-experimental agreement at all levels of shear is obtained approximately by using coefficientF 12 equal to zero. The sensitivity ofF 12 to errors in experimental input data is also studied. Reliable correlation with experiment, as well as operational simplicity, make these criteria attractive for predicting the strength of paperboard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329129
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact interpretation of moiré fringe patterns in digital images (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 28 (1988), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Geometric moiré enjoys the advantages of simplicity of technique and equipment, and the ability to use white light. However, resolution has been hampered by difficulties in employing more than 40 ℓ per mm. The present paper illustrates the aspects of a digital imaging system relevant to the determination of fractional fringes, and enables reliable analysis from extremely few fringes. In applying digital imaging to moiré analysis it is imperative that not only the optical characterization but also the features of the image recording system be well understood. Digitization, spatial-averaging operation and the aperture modulation are the most significant features critical to the interpretation of the digital image recorded. This paper seeks to illustrate the interaction of the moiré technique with the characteristics of a specific image recording system. Examples are presented which experimentally define the nature of moiré fringes recorded with a relatively standard digital imaging system. Further examples are presented which illustrate the influences of the features of this imaging system on the interpretation of the moiré pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02325184
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of individual stresses thermoelastically (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 30 (1990), S. 88-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Hybrid methods are developed for determining individual stress components under plane stress from thermoelastically measured isopachics. Some of the techniques depend only on stress equilibrium and are independent of constitutive response. Applications are to a partially loaded half-plane, and tensile plates containing side notches and holes. These are believed to represent the first examples of separating stresses from thermoelastically measured data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02322708
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelastic stress analysis of orthotropic composites (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 35 (1995), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature variation in a cyclically loaded orthotropic composite is proportional to a linear combination of the changes in the normal stresses in the directions of material symmetry. An effective method is presented here to determine the individual stresses from measured thermoelastic data in a region adjacent to an arbitrarily shaped fraction-free boundary of loaded orthotropic composites. The method, which is based on equilibrium and compatibility, uses complex-variable formulations involving conformal mappings, analytic continuation and numerical techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02319666
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image enhancement and stress separation of thermoelastically measured data under random loading (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 37 (1997), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Keywords: Thermoelastic ; hybrid ; stress ; random ; thermography ; infrared stress analysis ; thermographic stress analysis ; thermal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Traditional thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) presupposes that the structure being analyzed is cyclically loaded at a constant amplitude and frequency. This approach typically has been used to satisfy the adiabatic reversible assumptions. The authors employ an alternative signal analysis technique that enables one to evaluate the magnitude of the individual components of stress in a component subjected to a loading that is random in both frequency and magnitude. However, the nature of the measured information does not change; i.e., data are inherently noisy, and edge information is unreliable. The latter two aspects have caused many thermoelastic stress analyses to be more qualitative than quantitative. The present paper emphasizes developing the TSA technique into a practical, noncontacting quantitative method for stress analyzing actual engineering structures that are randomly loaded. In particular, ability to determine the individual stresses thermoelastically under random loading is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02317411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture process zone analysis of concrete using moiré interferometry (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 37 (1997), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fracture process zone (FPZ) ahead of a crack tip in concrete and mortar beams subjected to threepoint bending was studied using moiré interferometry. A large FPZ can occur in concrete before the external load reaches its maximum value. Comparing the experimental results between concrete and mortar suggests that the aggregate contributes to the formation of the large FPZ in concrete. The formation of this large FPZ makes concrete less brittle than mortar. The effect of the FPZ on the fracture property, such as stress intensity factor, is investigated by combining moiré interferometry measured displacements with the smoothing FEM method. The study shows that a large FPZ significantly affects the value of the stress intensity factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02317433
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoelastic-numerical hybrid analysis of holes and cracks in composites (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 39 (1999), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An effective thermoelastic-numerical hybrid method is demonstrated for obtaining stress information on, and adjacent to, geometric discontinuities in orthotropic composites. This includes determining stress intensity factors. The technique involves evaluating the stress functions from measured thermoelastic data around the external boundary of a subregion containing the geometric discontinuity of interest. Knowing the stress functions, stresses throughout the subregion surrounding the geometric discontinuity, and stress intensity factors, are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329816
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On wave and fracture propagation in Rock Media (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 15 (1975), S. 449-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental-stress-analysis techniques were used to study wave and fracture propagation in rock media. Marble and granite plates were loaded explosively. Wave propagation was observed through isochromatic-fringe patterns on bonded photoelastic coatings and moiré-fringe patterns. These patterns were recorded with a Beckman and Whitley camera operating at rates from 250,000 to 1,000,000 frames per second. Dilatational, shear and Rayleigh wave velocities were determined. The leading part of the pulse is compressive and shows appreciable attenuation. The trailing part goes into tension, causing widespread tensile fracture. The velocity of propagation of this fracture zone in marble was nearly equal to the theoretical terminal velocity. In the case of induced cracks in marble and granite, the velocities of crack propagation were appreciably lower than the theoretical terminal values. Experimental results obtained were discussed and interpreted for their relevance to the rapid-excavation process in rock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02318359
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