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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 4 (1988), S. 802-806 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 1392-1395 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 955-961 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 (1981), S. 5271-5276 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 3 (2000), S. 377-388 
    ISSN: 1292-895X
    Keywords: PACS. 61.30.Jf defects in liquid crystals - 64.70.Md Transitions in liquid crystals - 87.16.Dg Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: A lyotropic system, consisting of a lecithin (DMPC) and a non-ionic surfactant (C12E5) in water was studied. The system exhibits a lamellar-to-nematic phase transition. The nematic phase appears as the temperature is decreased and only exists in a very limited temperature and concentration range, for specific lipid-to-surfactant ratios. While a lamellar phase is found at higher temperatures in both mixed and pure C12E5 systems, the transition to the nematic phase at lower temperatures coincides with a micellar phase in the pure C12E5 system. The transition appears to be driven by the strong temperature dependence of the surfactant film spontaneous curvature. The structural properties of the lamellar phase close to the lamellar-to-nematic boundary have been studied by polarised light microscopy and small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering experiments. The signature of a helical defect with Burgers vector of magnitude 2 is apparent in our data, close to the lamellar-to-nematic phase transition. The proliferation of screw dislocations in the lamellar phase might be a plausible mechanism for driving this transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1292-895X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We study the effects of a dilation on a sheared smectic A phase. Through a linear analysis, we show that undulation may grow in the direction of the flow and of the vorticity as found in previous works. At higher shear rates, we evidence that the undulation along the flow disappears whereas it persists in the vorticity direction. We determine the stable or unstable zone as a function of the shear rate and of the lamellar spacing. This allows us to draw a theoretical shear diagram of the instability. Finally we compare our results with the orientations found experimentally in a lyotropic lamellar phase under shear. Our diagram describes qualitatively and quantitatively the transition observed at high shear rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1585-1594 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Molecular biophysics ; Defects in liquid crystals ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of adding the defect-forming molecules melittin and C12E5 to DMPC membranes has been studied and the corresponding phase diagrams established. Light, X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering have been used to characterize the mixed membranes. Both systems show a melting of the lamellar Lα into an isotropic phase upon addition of the second membrane constituent. The molar ratio, where the melting occurs is the same in concentrated and dilute samples. For the DMPC/C12E5 system not only membrane composition, but also temperature can be used to induce a transition from an isotropic to a lamellar phase.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 7229-7241 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a simple phenomenological model to describe the phase equilibria and structural properties of microemulsions. Space is divided into cells of side ξ; each cell is filled with either pure water or oil. Surfactant molecules are presumed to form an incompressible fluid monolayer at the oil–water interface. The monolayer is characterized by a size-dependent bending constant K(ξ), which is small for ξ≥ξK, the de Gennes–Taupin persistence length. The model predicts a middle-phase microemulsion of structural length scale ξ≈ξK which coexists with dilute phases of surfactant in oil and surfactant in water. (These phases have ξ≈a, a being a molecular length.) On the same ternary phase diagram, we find also two regions of two-phase equilibrium involving upper- and lower-phase microemulsions that coexist with either almost pure water or oil. At low temperatures and/or high values of the bare bending constant, K0≡K(a), the middle-phase microemulsion may be entirely precluded by separation to a lamellar phase, whereas at high temperature and/or low values of K0, there is a first-order transition between a disordered microemulsion and a lamellar phase. In the absence of spontaneous curvature the phase diagram is oil–water symmetric. It may be asymmetrized by: (i) spontaneous curvature in the middle phase or (ii) a difference between the free energy of the two dilute phases. If the asymmetry is sufficiently large, the three-phase region disappears.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 3424-3430 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new technology is tested for enzyme encapsulation. The capsules are small multilamellar vesicles of surfactant called spherulites which are produced by shearing a lamellar phase under well-controlled conditions. Encapsulation of alkaline phosphatase into spherulites is studied here as an example. Once encapsulated, the enzyme is shown to be unable to develop any enzymatic activity on its substrate, the p-nitrophenylphosphate. This is due to the absence of contact between the enzyme and the substrate. Interestingly, the whole enzymatic activity is recovered after destruction of the vesicles. Encapsulation efficiency ranges between 70% and 95% depending upon the enzyme over phospholipids ratio. Beyond the example of alkaline phosphatase, many applications of spherulites in the medical or in the biotechnology fields seem now at hand. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 183 (1959), S. 890-891 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two such compounds have been isolated in low yield, and were examined more closely as they appear to be directly related to the constitution of the highly condensed tannins present. Component I (RF = 0-54 and 0-59 respectively) gives the same colour reactions and runs to the same position on ...
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