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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of nuclear control of T-urf13/orf221 transcription in T cytoplasm maize (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 891-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nuclear ; mitochondrial interactions ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Maize ; Mitochondrial gene transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mitochondrial gene T-urf13 in T cytoplasm maize is associated with sensitivity to disease toxins and with cytoplasmic male sterility. T-urf13 is co-transcribed with an open reading frame designated orf221. We have detected alterations in the transcription of the T-urf13/orf221 region that are affected by nuclear genotype. There are multiple mRNA transcripts generated from the T-urf13/orf221 region, one of which is a processed 1538-nucleotide (nt) transcript. This 1538-nt transcript is present in Wf9 (T), but was not found in mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs) from maize inbreds B14A (T) and 33-16 (T). For B14A (T) a 1500-nt transcript was detected and for 33-16 (T) a 1400-nt transcript was detected. In F1 progeny of the cross of Wf9 (T) x 33-16 (N), only the 1400-nt transcript was present. Genetic analyses revealed this processing event is nuclear controlled with dominant gene action and is independent of nuclear restorer gene Rf1-associated processing events. T-urf13/orf221 transcriptional patterns were shown to vary in both sterile and fertile states. Segregation analysis of a 1100-nt orf221-specific transcript indicated that the genetic basis of nuclear control for the presence of this transcript was relatively simple. Analysis of the A188 (T4) tissue culture mutant, which has reverted to male fertility but displays the same T-urf13/orf221 transcript pattern as A188 (T), indicated no DNA sequence differences between T4-orf221 and T-orf221. Presence of the nuclear gene Rf2 was not necessary for expression of the T4 cytoplasm-associated malefertile phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227401
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP mapping of the sugary enhancer1 gene in maize (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sweet corn ; se1 ; Sucrose ; Quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract RFLP marker data from an F2∶3 population derived from a cross between a sugary1 (su1) and a sugary enhancer1 (su1, sel) inbred were used to construct a genetic linkage map of maize. This map includes 93 segregating marker loci distributed throughout the maize genome, providing a saturated linkage map that is suitable for linkage analysis with quantitative trait loci (QTL). This population, which has been immortalized in the form of sibbed F2∶3 families, was derived from each of the 214 F2 plants and along with probe data are available to the scientific community. QTL analysis for kernel sucrose (the primary form of sugar) concentration at 20 days after pollination (DAP) uncovered the segregation of seven major QTL influencing sucrose concentration; a locus linked to umc36a described the greatest proportion of the variation (24.7%). Since maltose concentration has previously been reported to be associated with the se1 phenotype, an analysis of probe associations with maltose concentration at 40 DAP was also conducted. The highly significant association of umc36a with maltose and sucrose concentrations provided evidence that this probe is linked to se1. Phenotypic evaluation for the se1 genotype in each F2∶3 family enabled us to map the gene 12.1 cM distal to umc36a. In contrast to previous work where se1 was reported to be located on chromosome four, our data strongly suggest that the sugary enhancer1 locus maps on the the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 2 in the maize genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222978
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of RAPD and RFLP markers for mapping F2 generations in maize (Zea mays L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 606-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Molecular markers ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic linkage map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The F2 generations from two maize crosses were used to compare the ability of RAPD and RFLP marker systems to create a genetic linkage map. Both RFLPs and RAPDs were shown to provide Mendelian-type markers. Most of the RFLPs (80%) could be placed with a good level of certainty (LOD〉4) on the genetic linkage map. However, because of their dominant nature, only between 37% and 59% of the RAPDs could be placed with such a LOD score. The use of combined data from RFLPs and RAPDs increases the level of information provided by RAPDs and allows the creation of a combined RFLP/RAPD genetic linkage map. Thus, the RAPD technique was found to be a powerful method to provide improved probes coverage on a previously created RFLP map and to locate markers linked to chromosomal regions of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417955
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of RAPD and RFLP markers for mapping F2 generations in maize (Zea mays L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 606-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Molecular markers ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Genetic linkage map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The F2 generations from two maize crosses were used to compare the ability of RAPD and RFLP marker systems to create a genetic linkage map. Both RFLPs and RAPDs were shown to provide Mendelian-type markers. Most of the RFLPs (80%) could be placed with a good level of certainty (LOD〉4) on the genetic linkage map. However, because of their dominant nature, only between 37% and 59% of the RAPDs could be placed with such a LOD score. The use of combined data from RFLPs and RAPDs increases the level of information provided by RAPDs and allows the creation of a combined RFLP/RAPD genetic linkage map. Thus, the RAPD technique was found to be a powerful method to provide improved probes coverage on a previously created RFLP map and to locate markers linked to chromosomal regions of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050322
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP analysis to identify putative chromosomal regions involved in the anther culture response and callus formation of maize (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 360-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; Embryo-like structure ; Callus line ; Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ; RFLP marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary RFLP analysis was performed with anther culture-derived callus lines developed from the maize F1 hybrids Pa91 x FR16 (PF), H99 x Pa91 (HP) and H99 x FR16 (HF). Relatively evenly spaced RFLP markers were selected to cover the maize genome with 52, 58 and 35 RFLP markers for the PF, HP and HF callus lines, respectively. The results from populations PF and HP combined with limited information from HF showed that six chromosomal regions on chromosomes 1, 2 (two regions), 3, 6 and 8 appear to be associated with the formation of embryo-like structures (ELSs) from microspores or the subsequent formation of regenerable callus from the ELSs. Regions at the end of the long arm of chromosome 2 and on the long arm of chromosome 8 appear to be associated with ELS formation, and the other regions appear to be associated with either ELS or regenerable callus formation or both. Certain regions that we have identified are the same as those found in other studies to be important for friable, embryogenic callus formation (chromosomes 1 and 3 and near the centromere of 2) and for ESL formation (chromosomes 1 and 3). This study has provided evidence for the genetic basis of the maize anther culture response and callus formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222882
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer-length composition in maize recurrent selection populations. 1. Analysis of BS13, BSSS, and BSCB1 (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 541-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ribosomal DNA ; Intergenic spacer ; Spacer-length variant ; Zea mays L. ; Recurrent selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Five different ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer-length variants (slvs) were detected among the maize inbreds which were the progenitors of Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS). One rDNASstI restriction site polymorphism in the 3′ region of the 26S gene was detected. Nine different rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) hybridization fragment patterns (assigned letter designations A-I) were observed among the BSSS progenitors. Following 7 cycles of half-sib recurrent selection in BSSS using the Ia13 double cross as a tester, hybridization fragment pattern E became predominant in the population. In contrast, 11 cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection in BSSS with the Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic No. 1 (BSCB1) population resulted in hybridization pattern D becoming predominant. Hybridization pattern E is present in the elite inbreds B14, B37, B73, and B84, which were derived from different cycles of the BSSS half-sib recurrent selection program with Ia13. Hybridization pattern D is present in the elite inbreds B89 and B94, which were derived from different cycles of the BSSS reciprocal recurrent selection program with BSCB1. Therefore, two different forms of recurrent selection on BSSS resulted in different hybridization patterns becoming predominant in the selected populations and present in elite inbreds derived from the populations. These results also suggest that rDNA IGS hybridization fragment patterns D and E, which both have the longest slv detected, may have a selective or adaptive advantage in BSSS materials grown in the Corn Belt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240916
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer of a maize population mass-selected for high grain yield (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 793-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Ribosomal DNA ; Ribosomal RNA genes ; Intergenic spacer ; Maize population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Variation in the intergenic spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was detected among individual plants of the open-pollinated maize variety ‘Hays Golden’ and populations derived from this variety. rDNA intergenic spacer-length variants were detected at approximately 200 bp intervals, consistent with the number of 200 bp subrepeats as the basis for this variation. Inheritance data revealed that more than one spacer-length class may be present on an individual chromosome. Fourteen different predominant rDNA intergenic spacer hybridization fragment patterns were detected. C-29, a population developed by 29 cycles of mass-selecting Hay Golden for high grain yield, exhibited a significant change in rDNA intergenic spacer hybridization fragment pattern composition in comparison to Hays Golden. This change included a reduction in frequency of the shortest predominant space-length variant (3.4 kb) and an increase in a 5.2 -kb hybridization fragment. I-31, a population developed through thermal neutron irradiation of Hays Golden and 31 generations of mass selection for high grain yield, did not exhibit a significant change in overall rDNA intergenic spacer composition. I-31 did exhibit an increase in frequency of the 5.2-kb hybridization fragment and a significant change in two specific hybridization fragment patterns that had also changed in C-29. These data, particularly for the C-29 population, suggest that rDNA intergenic spacer-length variants and/or associated loci were influenced by selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224247
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative trait loci influencing protein and starch concentration in the Illinois Long Term Selection maize strains (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ; Mapping ; Illinois Long Term Selection Experiment ; Quantitative trait loci (QTL) ; Protein ; Starch ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study was initiated to determine the number, chromosomal location, and magnitude of effect of QTL (quantitative trait loci or locus depending on context) controlling protein and starch concentration in the maize (Zea mays L.) kernel. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on 100 F3 families derived from a cross of two strains, Illinois High Protein (IHP), X Illinois Low Protein (ILP), which had been divergently selected for protein concentration for 76 generations as part of the Illinois Long Term Selection Experiment. These families were analyzed for kernel protein and starch in replicated field trials during 1990 and 1991. A series of 90 genomic and cDNA clones distributed throughout the maize genome were chosen for their ability to detect RFLP between IHP and ILP. These clones were hybridized with DNA extracted from the 100 F3 families, revealing 100 polymorphic loci. Single factor analysis of variance revealed significant QTL associations of many loci with both protein and starch concentration (P 〈 0.05 level). Twenty-two loci distributed on 10 chromosome arms were significantly associated with protein concentration, 19 loci on 9 chromosome arms were significantly associated with starch concentration. Sixteen of these loci were significant for both protein and starch concentration. Clusters of 3 or more significant loci were detected on chromosome arms 3L, 5S, and 7L for protein concentration, suggesting the presence of QTL with large effects at these locations. A QTL with large additive effects on protein and starch concentration was detected on chromosome arm 3L. RFLP alleles at this QTL were found to be linked with RFLP alleles at the Shrunken-2 (Sh2) locus, a structural gene encoding the major subunit of the starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. A multiple linear regression model consisting of 6 significant RFLP loci on different chromosomes explained over 64 % of the total variation for kernel protein concentration. Similar results were detected for starch concentration. Thus, several chromosomal regions with large effects may be responsible for a significant portion of the changes in kernel protein and starch concentration in the Illinois Long Term Selection Experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223767
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in ribosomal DNA spacer-length composition in maize recurrent selection populations. 2. Analysis of BS10, BS11, RBS10, and RSSSC (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 680-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Ribosomal DNA ; Intergenic spacer ; Ribosomal spacer-length variant ; Zea mays L. ; Recurrent selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Four maize (Zea mays L.) populations selected for grain yield (BS10, Iowa Two-ear Synthetic; BS11, formerly Pioneer Two-ear Composite; RBS10, Illinois strain of BS10; and RSSSC, Illinois strain of Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic) were assayed for molecular variation in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer (IGS) at initial and advanced cycles of selection. RSSSC and RBS10 underwent reciprocal recurrent selection with an inbred tester in a high-yield environment, whereas BS10 and BS11 were subjected to full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection. Maize rDNA, which encodes the ribosomal RNA genes, is highly repetitive and shows IGS length variation within and among individuals. Five different ribosomal spacer-length variants (rslvs) and a polymorphic SstI restriction site in the IGS were detected in the four populations. The five rslvs and the polymorphic restriction fragment were observed in 20 different combinations or hybridization fragment patterns (HP). RSSSC, RBS10, and BS11 showed significant changes in the overall rslv and HP frequencies between cycle 0 and the advanced cycle of selection, whereas BS10 did not. In general, two specific HPs were more frequent in the majority of the advanced cycles of the four populations. The frequency changes between initial and advanced cycles were more dramatic for HPs than rslvs. These results are consistent with earlier findings and further support the hypothesis that certain rDNA HPs and/or linked loci may be responding to selection for grain yield and may be associated with a selective advantage in US Corn Belt environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050179
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphism differences among Illinois long-term selection oil strains (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1994), S. 916-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Long-term selection ; Oil concentration ; Zea mays L. ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to characterize variability in the Illinois Long-Term Selection Experiment oil strains. Considerable polymorphism was detected within each oil strain and among oil strains. Fifty-two individual plants from each of the Illinois High Oil (IHO), Illinois Low Oil (ILO), Reverse High Oil (RHO) and Reverse Low Oil (RLO) strains were sampled to determine RFLP allele/variant frequencies. Generation 90 was sampled for IHO, RHO, and RLO whereas generation 87 was sampled for ILO. Forty-nine RFLP probes distributed throughout the maize genome were used. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine if RFLP genotypes at each of the 49 RFLP loci were significantly different among strains. Oil strains that have been separated for 90 generations showed high levels of significantly-different RFLP genotypic frequencies. The comparison of ILO vs RHO gave only significant chi-square values while the comparisons of IHO vs RLO and RHO vs RLO had 11∶1 ratios of significant to non-significant chi-square values. Strains that have been separated for only 42 generations showed a lower level of significantly-different RFLP genotypic frequencies. The comparisons of IHO vs RHO and ILO vs RLO both had only a 3∶2 ratio of significant to non-significant chi-squares values. Detection of multiple RFLP alleles/variants among the oil strains was common with 59% of the RFLP loci examined exhibiting multiple variants. A number of RFLP loci in RHO (3) and RLO (11) were associated with a trend in RFLP allele/variant frequencies consistent with a response to reverse selection for oil concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225785
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