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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0009-9236
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-6535
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Monitoring small magnitude induced seismicity requires a dense network of seismic stations and high-quality recordings in order to precisely determine events’ hypocentral parameters and mechanisms. However, microseismicity (e.g. swarm activity) can also occur in an area where a dense network is unavailable and recordings are limited to a few seismic stations at the surface. In this case, using advanced event detection techniques such as template matching can help to detect small magnitude shallow seismic events and give insights about the ongoing process at the subsurface giving rise to microseismicity. In this paper, we study shallow microseismic events caused by hydrofracking of the PNR-2 well near Blackpool, UK, in 2019 using recordings of a seismic network which was not designed to detect and locate such small events. By utilizing a sparse network of surface stations, small seismic events are detected using template matching technique. In addition, we apply a full-waveform moment tensor inversion to study the focal mechanisms of larger events (ML 〉 1) and used the double-difference location technique for events with high-quality and similar waveforms to obtain accurate relative locations. During the stimulation period, temporal changes in event detection rate were in agreement with injection times. Focal mechanisms of the events with high-quality recordings at multiple stations indicate a strike-slip mechanism, while a cross-section of 34 relocated events matches the dip angle of the active fault.
    Description: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) (4220)
    Description: https://earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/data/broadband_stationbook.html
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; Event detection ; Microseismicity ; Source modeling ; Template matching
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 99-103 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methylproscillaridin ; biliary excretion ; polar metabolites ; glucuronides ; renal excretion ; faecal excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four patients with a biliary fistula received 0.5 mg3H-methylproscillaridin as a single oral dose. 55% of the dose was excreted in bile, 16% in urine and 3% in faeces. More than 60% of the radioactivity excreted in bile and urine appeared within the first 24 hours. 78% of the radioactivity in bile consisted of CHCl3-insoluble metabolites of methylproscillaridin, incubation of which with β-glucuronidase led to splitting off glucuronic acid from almost 80%. Methylproscillaridin can be regarded as the principal conjugated compound. TLC-separation of CHCl3-soluble compounds from bile showed identical running of radioactivity with methylproscillaridin, proscillaridin and scillarenin and three unknown metabolites P1, P2, and P3. In urine the CHCl3-soluble fraction averaged 16% to 34% of the total amount and was identified as methylproscillaridin, proscillaridin, scillarenin, P2 and P3. The relative composition of the total radioactivity in faeces amounted to 77% methyl-proscillardidin, 4% scillarenin and 12% polar metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methyldigoxin ; excretion ; deep compartment ; O-demethylation ; glycosides ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time course of radioactivity in plasma and the excretion in urine and faeces over 7 days were determined in 12 healthy subjects after single oral and intravenous doses of a solution of3H-β-methyldigoxin. 62.2±2.1 and 29.0±5.2 per cent of the dose were excreted in urine and faeces, respectively, within 7 days of intravenous administration, compared with 55.2±2.8 and 28.6±5.7 per cent after oral administration. This indicates almost complete absorption of the glycoside when given in solution. 12 hours after its administration a pseudo-distribution equilibrium was reached and the average half life of tritiated compounds was 1.3 days. By 48 – 96 hours after treatment the average half life was 2.8 days. O-demethylation was revealed as the main metabolic degradation step in man. The rate of Demethylation was higher after oral than i.v. administration. Thus, only 31% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine consisted of unchanged β-methyldigoxin after oral administration compared to 51% after i.v. dosing. Only traces of bis- and monoglycosides were excreted in urine, but there were considerable amounts in faeces, where they accounted for more than 35% of the total excretion. Up to 40% of the radioactivity in plasma and urine consisted of polar conjugates during the first 12 hours after administration of β-methyldigoxin. The mono- and bisglycosides were identified as the main products of conjugation. During the 7 days approximately 15% of the administered dose was metabolized by splitting off glycosidic bonds and conjugation to polar compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 561-564 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug prescription ; hospital ; drug committee ; pharmacopoeia ; limited list ; supervised prescribing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmaceutical market in the FRG offers about 11,000 different preparations and formulations. A restricted list (pharmacopoeia) containing approximately 1,000 drugs has been proved to cover the routine requirements of a university clinic and most of the additional drugs demanded by the physicians as ‘exceptis excipiendis’. Restrictive control of requests for drugs not included in the internal pharmacopoeia by clinical pharmacologists has reduced the absolute number of requests by half, and about 60% of the remaining requests could be replaced by drugs listed in the pharmacopoeia. The majority of the special requests arose from the continuation of drugs presented to out-patients by the resident physicians after admission of the patient to the hospital. The supervision may lead to more critical revision of out-patient medication, but a substantial reduction of drug expenditure was not attained, as the drugs requested amounted only to a minor fraction of the overall drug expenditure by the hospital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 97-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Drug-protein binding ; non-enzymatic glycosylation ; Type I diabetes ; human serum albumin ; binding kinetics ; stopped flow ; dansylsarcosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sera from 17 patients with Type I diabetes and 19 healthy volunteers have been examined to evaluate whether the kinetics of the binding of drugs to Site II of serum albumin is altered in diabetes. Stopped-flow measurements showed that the association velocity and the affinity constants of the fluorescent marker dansylsarcosine were significantly lower in diabetics (160 s−1 and 2.0 × 105 l·mol−1) than in non-diabetics (196s−1 and 4.0 × 105 l·mol−1). The dissociation velocity was not different [20.3 s−1 vs. 19.4 s−1]. Although patients with a reduced albumin concentration were excluded the diabetics had significantly lower concentrations than the healthy volunteers. There was a significant correlation between decreased glycosylation of albumin and increased association velocity. The dissociation velocity constants were correlated with the molar concentration ratio of free fatty acids/human serum albumin. Thus, the extent of glycosylation and the amount of fatty acids bound per mole albumin can both affect the kinetics of drug binding to Site II. The lower affinity in patients with Type I diabetes is due to the increased in the glycoalbumin concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 387-392 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; β-methyldigoxin ; prolonged administration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five healthy volunteers received digoxin 0.4 mg or β-methyldigoxin 0.4 mg i. v., daily for 14 days, in a randomized cross-over arrangement. By monitoring minimal plasma concentrations during multiple dosing, it was found that the steady state pharmacokinetics of digoxin and β-methyldigoxin could be estimated even better by a one-compartment than by a two-compartment model. The following mean parameters were calculated: the half life of digoxin of 1.54±0.31 days was significantly shorter than the half life of 2.29±0.34 days for β-methyldigoxin. The distribution volume of 807±187 liters for digoxin was not significantly larger than the 735±227 liters for β-methyldigoxin. Renal digoxin clearance of 191±25 ml/min was significantly higher than both the renal clearance of β-methyldigoxin of 111±23 ml/min and also the creatinine clearance, which indicates tubular secretion of digoxin. There was a 2.8-fold accumulation of β-methyldigoxin injected once a day, which was significantly higher than the 1.8-fold accumulation of digoxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nifedipine ; hypertension ; concentration-effect relationship ; individual dose ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten patients with essential hypertension (WHO grade I–II) were treated in an open dose-adjustment study with the standard regimen of slow-release nifedipine 20 mg b. d. for 2 weeks and with an individualized dose for 6 weeks. The optimum dose, defined as that producing a pre-dose diastolic blood pressure (dBP) of 90 mm Hg at steady state, was determined from the individual concentration-effect relationship after a test-dose of 20 mg. On standard therapy, the reduction in pre-dose dBP was inadequate in 4 patients and it was excessive in 1 patient. After 2 weeks of individualized treatment, the required pre-dose antihypertensive effect was obtained in all patients. The individual doses required were 10 mg b. d., 10 mg t. d. s. 20 mg b. d., 20 mg t. d. s. and 20 mg q. d. s. One patient dropped out of the study because of side effects. Loss of the antihypertensive effect was observed in one patient after 6 weeks of treatment. On the optimized dose, the average value of the pre-and 2 h post-dose steady state nifedipine concentrations (27.6 μg/l) compared well with model-derived optimum concentrations (28.6 μl/l) (r=0.9210). The results show that the dose of nifedipine can be accurately predicted using the individual concentration-effect relationship after a single dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Isosorbide dinitrate ; Isosorbide-5-mononitrate ; Isosorbide-2-mononitrate ; muscle concentration ; vein wall concentration ; coronary bypass surgery ; drug distribution ; plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) and isosorbide-2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN) were determined in plasma (PL), saphenous vein wall (SV) and pectoral muscle (PM) from 8 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The patients were pretreated for 2 days with ISDN 240 mg per day (standard release formulation) in 4 doses of 40 mg and one dose of 80 mg. The plasma and tissue samples were obtained during the operation, 10–12 h after the last dose. Isosorbide-2-mononitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate were present in plasma and tissues in the same concentration ranges with molar concentration ratios of 0.88 (IS-2-MN: PM/PL), 0.85 (IS-5-MN: PM/PL), 0.99 (IS-2-MN: SV/PL) and 1.06 (IS-5-MN: SV/PL). Mean ISDN concentrations in tissue were considerably higher than in plasma; the molar concentration ratios were 4.9 (SM/PL) and 7.21 (SV/PL). The accumulation of ISDN in vessel walls may contribute to its greater vascular action compared to the mononitrates, but it may also facilitate the development of tolerance during long-term treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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