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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The origin and maintenance of polymorphism in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in natural populations is still unresolved. Sexual selection, frequency-dependent selection by parasites and pathogens, and heterozygote advantage have been suggested to explain the maintenance of high ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Biological invasion ; Facilitation ; Interference ; Musculista senhousia ; Zostera marina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The transport and establishment of non-indigenous species in coastal marine environments are increasing worldwide, yet few studies have experimentally addressed the interactions between potentially dominant non-native species and native organisms. We studied the effects of the introduced mussel Musculista senhousia on leaf and rhizome growth and shoot density of eelgrass Zostera marina in San Diego Bay, California. We added M. senhousia over a natural range in biomass (0–1200 g dry mass/m2) to eelgrass in transplanted and established beds. The effects of the non-indigenous mussel varied from facilitation to interference depending on time, the abundance of M. senhousia, and the response variable considered. Consistent results were that mussel additions linearly inhibited eelgrass rhizome elongation rates. With 800 g dry mass/m2 of M. senhousia, eelgrass rhizomes grew 40% less than controls in two eelgrass transplantations and in one established eelgrass bed. These results indicate that M. senhousia, could both impair the success of transplantations of eelgrass, which spread vegetatively by rhizomes, and the spread of established Z. marina beds to areas inhabited by M. senhousia. Although effects on leaf growth were not always significant, in August in both eelgrass transplantations and established meadows leaf growth was fertilized by mussels, and showed a saturation-type relationship to sediment ammonium concentrations. Ammonium concentrations and sediment organic content were linear functions of mussel biomass. We found only small, non-consistent effects of M. senhousia on shoot density of eelgrass over 6-month periods. In established eelgrass beds, but not in transplanted eelgrass patches (≈0.8 m in diameter), added mussels suffered large declines. Hence, eelgrass is likely to be affected by M. senhousia primarily where Z. marina beds are patchy and sparse. Our study has management and conservation implications for eelgrass because many beds are already seriously degraded and limited in southern California where the mussel is very abundant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: biological interaction ; depth distribution ; Laminaria ; light ; seaweed ; Streblonema ; upper limit ; UV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The kelp Laminaria saccharina dominates soft bottoms in 4–10 m depth in Kiel Bay. Experimental sporophytes transplanted to 2 and 5 m depth showed the typical annual growth pattern of Laminaria species. Surprisingly, 2 m plants died after the first resting phase, whereas 5 m plants survived and showed outgrowth of a new blade generation. Thalli at both depths were infected with the brown algal endophyte Streblonema aecidioides, with host deformations being significantly stronger in 2 m plants. Growth rates of infected sporophytes were reduced. Exclusion of UV light in 2 m depth resulted in less infected thalli. Discs excised from L. saccharina and cultivated in different photon fluence rates from 10–600 µmol m−2 s−1 did not differ in growth rate, photosynthesis or dark respiration. Hence, an exclusion of L. saccharina from shallow depths caused by high light cannot be concluded. We suggest the biological interaction with the endophyte S. aecidioides, amplified by UV light, to be most important for the exclusion of L. saccharina from shallow depths in the western Baltic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-04-25
    Description: Ecological and evolutionary processes both determine how species and communities will react to climate change, but how they interact is poorly understood. We studied adaptation in two bloom forming and globally co-occurring phytoplankton species, Emiliania huxleyi and Chaetoceros affinis, in response to long-term exposure to increased CO2 while competing with one another. Here we show that over approximately 200 generations, the interactions of C. affinis and E. huxleyi changed strongly, converting the initial winner C. affinis to the loser species and vice versa. Surprisingly, these changes were associated with rapid and reproducible genotype sorting that left a single remaining genotype among the initial nine genotypes in both species. Most likely, the experimental conditions with a nutrient limited stationary phase represented a selection regime overriding the intended CO2 and two-species treatments. Paradoxically, the reciprocal emergence of a single genotype as winner for both species across all treatments caused a change at the interspecies level, demonstrating that eco-evolutionary coupling alters the dynamics in the simplest possible two-species phytoplankton "community" Our results call for an inclusion of more realistic experimental evolution conditions including multi-species settings and nutrient limitation in future studies.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-04-25
    Keywords: Bottle number; Nitrate and Nitrite; Number of batch; Phosphate; Silicate; Time in days; Treatment; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 400 data points
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Munkes, Britta; Schubert, Philipp; Karez, Rolf; Reusch, Thorsten B H (2015): Experimental assessment of critical anthropogenic sediment burial in eelgrass Zostera marina. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 100(1), 144-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.013
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Seagrass meadows, one of the world's most important and productive coastal habitats, are threatened by a range of anthropogenic actions. Burial of seagrass plants due to coastal activities is one important anthropogenic pressure leading to the decline of local populations. In our study, we assessed the response of eelgrass Zostera marina to sediment burial from physiological, morphological, and population parameters. In a full factorial field experiment, burial level (5-20cm) and burial duration (4-16 weeks) were manipulated. Negative effects were visible even at the lowest burial level (5 cm) and shortest duration (4 weeks), with increasing effects over time and burial level. Buried seagrasses showed higher shoot mortality, delayed growth and flowering and lower carbohydrate storage. The observed effects will likely have an impact on next year's survival of buried plants. Our results have implications for the management of this important coastal plant.
    Keywords: Kiel_Falckenstein; Z.marina-meadow
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 8
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Heckwolf, Melanie; Meyer, Britta S; Häsler, Robert; Höppner, Marc P; Eizaguirre, Christophe; Reusch, Thorsten B H (2020): Two different epigenetic information channels in wild three-spined sticklebacks are involved in salinity adaptation. Science Advances, 6(12), eaaz1138, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1138
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: While environmentally inducible epigenetic marks are discussed as one mechanism of transgenerational plasticity, environmentally stable epigenetic marks emerge randomly. When resulting in variable phenotypes, stable marks can be targets of natural selection analogous to DNA sequence-based adaptation processes. We studied both postulated pathways in natural populations of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and sequenced their methylomes and genomes across a salinity cline. Consistent with local adaptation, populations showed differential methylation (pop-DMS) at genes enriched for osmoregulatory processes. In a two-generation experiment, 62% of these pop-DMS were insensitive to salinity manipulation, suggesting that they could be stable targets for natural selection. Two-thirds of the remaining inducible pop-DMS became more similar to patterns detected in wild populations from the corresponding salinity, and this pattern accentuated over consecutive generations, indicating a mechanism of adaptive transgenerational plasticity. Natural DNA methylation patterns can thus be attributed to two epigenetic pathways underlying the rapid emergence of adaptive phenotypes in the face of environmental change.
    Keywords: Baltic Sea; Local adaptation; population genomics; three-spined stickleback; Whole genome sequencing
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Gasterosteus aculeatus eggs; Identification; Origin; Proportion of survival; Species; Time point, descriptive; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6240 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: To improve the methylation estimates in our study, we corrected for SNPs, which could have led to a wrong methylation call. The excluded positions were derived with custom written perl scripts from C-to-T and G-to-A-SNPs with genotype quality of 20 and a minimum allele frequency of 0.005 from the 96 wild caught three-spined sticklebacks with a combination of custom written Perl and R-scripts using packages from methylkit and GenomicRanges. This BED-file contains the G-to-A-SNPs, in which the first field is the name of the chromosome; the second describes the start position and the third the end position of the feature in standard chromosomal coordinates.
    Keywords: Baltic Sea; BED; Local adaptation; methylation call; population genomics; SNP; three-spined stickleback; Whole genome sequencing
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5.8 MBytes
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