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  • 1
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    Foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotope data from eastern equatorial Pacific cores ME-24 and ME-27 back to the last ice age (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Previous paleoceanographic applications of the N isotopes in the eastern equatorial Pacific have used the N isotopic composition of the bulk sediment, which can be biased by diagenetic alteration or foreign N input. To avoid these biases, we measured foraminifera shell-bound d15N (FB-d15N) on the two species Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Neogloboquadrina incompta in two sediment cores extending back to the last ice age. The datafile contains FB-d15N data measured on the two sediment cores ME0005-24JC (0°1.3' N, 86°27.8' W, 2941m) and ME0005-27JC (1°51.2' S, 82°47.2'W, 2203m) from the eastern equatorial Pacific, as well as updated age models for the two sediment cores. Moreover, it contains estimated changes in Pacific oxygen concentration from the LGM to the Holocene. The age models for both sediment cores have been updated by Dubois et al. (2014) and are based on (1) radiocarbon ages measured on the planktonic foraminifera N. dutertrei by accelerator mass spectrometry, (2) correlation of benthic foraminifera oxygen isotopes to the LR04 stack and (3) the identification of the Los Chocoyos Ash Layer in the sediment cores. In core ME0005-27JC, three additional 14C dates on N. dutertrei from Mekik (2014) were included. All radiocarbon ages were calibrated with Calib 7.1. and the marine calibration curve MARINE13, assuming a reservoir age of 467 years as given in Dubois et al. (2014). Ages were linearly interpolated between the stratigraphic tie points. Foraminifera-bound d15N (FB-d15N) was measured with the “persulfate-denitrifier” technique (Ren et al., 2009; Straub et al., 2013). In short, ~3-5 mg of foraminifera (N. dutertrei and N. incompta from the 300-600µm size fraction) were picked, cut open with a scalpel and underwent a chemical cleaning. The organic N bound within the calcite was then released by dissolution with HCl and converted to nitrate in a basic potassium persulfate solution. The nitrate concentration of the solution was determined by chemiluminescence, and an aliquot of the nitrate solution equivalent to 5nmol of N was converted to nitrous oxide (N2O) by denitrifying bacteria. The N isotopic composition of the N2O was measured with a custom continuous-flow system for N2O extraction and purification on-line to a Thermo MAT253 stable isotope mass spectrometer and referenced to air N2 using the international nitrate standards IAEA-N3 and USGS-34. The FB-d15N data were then corrected for the contribution of the oxidation procedural blank with an in-house aminocaproic acid standard of known isotopic composition. Changes in Pacific oxygen concentration from the LGM to the Holocene were calculated based on solubility changes as well as CYCLOPS box model results of Hain et al., (2010). Changes in oxygen saturation result from changes in temperature and salinity; changes in oxygen utilization result from a glacial shoaling of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, enhanced nutrient consumption due to Subantarctic iron fertilization, reduced Antarctic surface-to-deep exchange and more complete Antarctic nutrient consumption. Oxygen utilization is calculated using O2:Pregenerated of -170:1 (Anderson and Sarmiento, 1994).
    Keywords: Eastern Equatorial Pacific; Foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes; Holocene; Last Glacial; suboxia; water column denitrification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 2
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    Estimated changes in Pacific oxygen concentration (LGM-Holocene) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Keywords: Comment; Eastern Equatorial Pacific; Foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes; Holocene; Last Glacial; Oxygen, change; suboxia; water column denitrification
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 24 data points
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  • 3
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    Stable isotope record of benthic foraminifera in sediment core SO202-07-6 (2015)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Keywords: AGE; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Globigerina bulloides, δ15N; INOPEX; KAL; Kasten corer; Mass spectrometer ThermoFisher MAT253, persulfate-denitrifier technique; Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, δ15N; North Pacific Ocean; SO202/1; SO202/1_07-6; Sonne
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 61 data points
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  • 4
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    (Tab 4) Granulometry of surface sediments in tenth phi classes on core-top sediments during SONNE cruise SO202 (INOPEX) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Keywords: Beckman Coulter Laser diffraction particle size analyzer LS 13 320; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; INOPEX; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MUC; MultiCorer; North Pacific Ocean; Size fraction 0.397-0.370 µm, 11.3-11.4 phi; Size fraction 0.45-0.41 µm, 11.1-11.3 phi; Size fraction 0.488-0.456 µm, 11.0-11.1 phi; Size fraction 0.523-0.488 µm, 10.9-11.0 phi; Size fraction 0.6-0.54 µm, 10.7-10.9 phi; Size fraction 0.644-0.601 µm, 10.6-10.7 phi; Size fraction 0.72-0.66 µm, 10.4-10.6 phi; Size fraction 0.793-0.740 µm, 10.3-10.4 phi; Size fraction 0.850-0.793 µm, 10.2-10.3 phi; Size fraction 0.95-0.87 µm, 10.0-10.2 phi; Size fraction 1.047-0.977 µm, 9.9-10.0 phi; Size fraction 1.122-1.047 µm, 9.8-9.9 phi; Size fraction 1.26-1.15 µm, 9.6-9.8 phi; Size fraction 1.381-1.289 µm, 9.5-9.6 phi; Size fraction 1.480-1.381 µm, 9.4-9.5 phi; Size fraction 1.67-1.52 µm, 9.2-9.4 phi; Size fraction 1.822-1.700 µm, 9.1-9.2 phi; Size fraction 1.953-1.822 µm, 9.0-9.1 phi; Size fraction 10.78-9.82 µm, 6.5-6.7 phi; Size fraction 101.532-94.732 µm, 3.3-3.4 phi; Size fraction 1041.05-948.34 µm, (-0.1)-0.1 phi; Size fraction 108.819-101.532 µm, 3.2-3.3 phi; Size fraction 11.842-11.049 µm, 6.4-6.5 phi; Size fraction 1148.698-1071.773 µm, (-0.2) to (-0.1) phi; Size fraction 12.691-11.842 µm, 6.3-6.4 phi; Size fraction 121.84-110.99 µm, 3.0-3.2 phi; Size fraction 1231.144-1148.698 µm, (-0.3) to (-0.2) phi; Size fraction 133.972-125.000 µm, 2.9-3.0 phi; Size fraction 1377.2-1254.55 µm, (-0.5) to (-0.3) phi; Size fraction 14.26-12.99 µm, 6.1-6.3 phi; Size fraction 143.587-133.972 µm, 2.8-2.9 phi; Size fraction 15.625-14.579 µm, 6.0-6.1 phi; Size fraction 1515.717-1414.214 µm, (-0.6) to (-0.5) phi; Size fraction 16.746-15.625 µm, 5.9-6.0 phi; Size fraction 161.18-146.82 µm, 2.6-2.8 phi; Size fraction 1624.505-1515.717 µm, (-0.7) to (-0.6) phi; Size fraction 176.777-164.938 µm, 2.5-2.6 phi; Size fraction 18.86-17.18 µm, 5.7-5.9 phi; Size fraction 1821.89-1659.64 µm, (-0.9) to (-0.7) phi; Size fraction 189.465-176.777 µm, 2.4-2.5 phi; Size fraction 2.21-2.01 µm, 8.8-9.0 phi; Size fraction 2.405-2.244 µm, 8.7-8.8 phi; Size fraction 2.577-2.405 µm, 8.6-8.7 phi; Size fraction 2.92-2.66 µm, 8.4-8.6 phi; Size fraction 20.617-19.237 µm, 5.6-5.7 phi; Size fraction 2000.000-1866.066 µm, (-1.0) to (-0.9) phi; Size fraction 213.22-194.23 µm, 2.2-2.4 phi; Size fraction 22.097-20.617 µm, 5.5-5.6 phi; Size fraction 233.258-217.638 µm, 2.1-2.2 phi; Size fraction 24.95-22.73 µm, 5.3-5.5 phi; Size fraction 250.000-233.258 µm, 2.0-2.1 phi; Size fraction 27.205-25.383 µm, 5.2-5.3 phi; Size fraction 282.07-256.95 µm, 1.8-2.0 phi; Size fraction 29.157-27.205 µm, 5.1-5.2 phi; Size fraction 3.173-2.960 µm, 8.3-8.4 phi; Size fraction 3.401-3.173 µm, 8.2-8.3 phi; Size fraction 3.86-3.52 µm, 8.0-8.2 phi; Size fraction 307.786-287.175 µm, 1.7-1.8 phi; Size fraction 329.877-307.786 µm, 1.6-1.7 phi; Size fraction 33.01-30.07 µm, 4.9-5.1 phi; Size fraction 35.897-33.493 µm, 4.8-4.9 phi; Size fraction 373.15-339.92 µm, 1.4-1.6 phi; Size fraction 38.473-35.897 µm, 4.7-4.8 phi; Size fraction 4.187-3.906 µm, 7.9-8.0 phi; Size fraction 4.66-4.24 µm, 7.7-7.9 phi; Size fraction 406.126-378.929 µm, 1.3-1.4 phi; Size fraction 43.67-39.78 µm, 4.5-4.7 phi; Size fraction 435.275-406.126 µm, 1.2-1.3 phi; Size fraction 47.366-44.194 µm, 4.4-4.5 phi; Size fraction 493.63-449.67 µm, 1.0-1.2 phi; Size fraction 5.154-4.809 µm, 7.6-7.7 phi; Size fraction 5.524-5.154 µm, 7.5-7.6 phi; Size fraction 52.63-47.94 µm, 4.2-4.4 phi; Size fraction 535.887-500.000 µm, 0.9-1.0 phi; Size fraction 58.315-54.409 µm, 4.1-4.2 phi; Size fraction 594.87-541.89 µm, 0.7-0.9 phi; Size fraction 6.16-5.61 µm, 7.3-7.5 phi; Size fraction 6.801-6.346 µm, 7.2-7.3 phi; Size fraction 62.500-58.315 µm, 4.0-4.1 phi; Size fraction 659.754-615.572 µm, 0.6-0.7 phi; Size fraction 69.62-63.42 µm, 3.8-4.0 phi; Size fraction 7.289-6.801 µm, 7.1-7.2 phi; Size fraction 707.107-659.754 µm, 0.5-0.6 phi; Size fraction 76.947-71.794 µm, 3.7-3.8 phi; Size fraction 786.95-716.87 µm, 0.3-0.5 phi; Size fraction 8.15-7.42 µm, 6.9-7.1 phi; Size fraction 8.974-8.373 µm, 6.8-6.9 phi; Size fraction 82.469-76.947 µm, 3.6-3.7 phi; Size fraction 870.551-812.252 µm, 0.2-0.3 phi; Size fraction 9.618-8.974 µm, 6.7-6.8 phi; Size fraction 92.1-83.9 µm, 3.4-3.6 phi; Size fraction 933.033-870.551 µm, 0.1-0.2 phi; SO202/1; SO202/1_02-4; SO202/1_03-4; SO202/1_04-3; SO202/1_05-3; SO202/1_06-2; SO202/1_08-1; SO202/1_09-2; SO202/1_23-4; SO202/1_24-2; SO202/1_25-1; SO202/1_27-1; SO202/1_28-1; SO202/1_29-5; SO202/1_31-5; SO202/1_32-5; SO202/1_33-5; SO202/1_34-4; SO202/1_36-6; SO202/1_38-1; SO202/1_39-2; SO202/1_41-3; SO202/1_42-3; SO202/1_45-2; Sonne
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2116 data points
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  • 5
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    Salt-corrected opal and barium concentration measured on core-top sediments during SONNE cruise SO202 (INOPEX) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Keywords: Barium; Barium, biogenic; Barium, biogenic, flux; Barium, biogenic, flux, standard deviation; Barium, biogenic, standard deviation; Barium, detrital; Barium, lithogenic; Barium, lithogenic, standard deviation; Barium, standard deviation; Calculated; Calculated, preservation corrected; Calculated, saturation corrected; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Elevation of event; Event label; ICP-MS, VG-Plasma-Quad ExCell; Identification; INOPEX; Latitude of event; Lithogenic material; Lithogenic material, standard deviation; Location; Longitude of event; MUC; MultiCorer; North Pacific Ocean; Opal, biogenic silica, preservation; Opal, biogenic silica, preservation, standard deviation; Opal, flux; Opal, flux, standard deviation; SO202/1; SO202/1_01-3; SO202/1_02-4; SO202/1_03-4; SO202/1_04-3; SO202/1_05-3; SO202/1_06-2; SO202/1_08-1; SO202/1_09-2; SO202/1_23-4; SO202/1_24-2; SO202/1_25-1; SO202/1_26-1; SO202/1_27-1; SO202/1_28-1; SO202/1_29-5; SO202/1_31-5; SO202/1_32-5; SO202/1_33-5; SO202/1_34-4; SO202/1_36-6; SO202/1_37-1; SO202/1_38-1; SO202/1_39-2; SO202/1_40-2; SO202/1_41-3; SO202/1_42-3; SO202/1_45-2; Sonne
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 504 data points
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  • 6
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    Biogenic barium fluxes of sediment core SO202-07-6 (2015)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Keywords: AGE; Barium, biogenic, flux; Barium, biogenic, flux, standard deviation; Calcium carbonate, flux; Calcium carbonate, flux, standard deviation; Calculated; DEPTH, sediment/rock; INOPEX; KAL; Kasten corer; North Pacific Ocean; Opal, flux; Opal, flux, standard deviation; SO202/1; SO202/1_07-6; Sonne
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 302 data points
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  • 7
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    Biogenic opal, biogenic barium, calcium carbonate and U/Th isotope data from core-top sediments of SONNE cruise SO202 (INOPEX) (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Serno, Sascha; Winckler, Gisela; Anderson, Robert F; Hayes, Christopher T; Ren, Haojia Abby; Gersonde, Rainer; Haug, Gerald H (2014): Using the natural spatial pattern of marine productivity in the Subarctic North Pacific to evaluate paleoproductivity proxies. Paleoceanography, 29(5), 438-453, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002594
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Sedimentary proxies used to reconstruct marine productivity suffer from variable preservation and are sensitive to factors other than productivity. Therefore, proxy calibration is warranted. Here we map the spatial patterns of two paleoproductivity proxies, biogenic opal and barium fluxes, from a set of core-top sediments recovered in the Subarctic North Pacific. Comparisons of the proxy data with independent estimates of primary and export production, surface water macronutrient concentrations and biological pCO2 drawdown indicate that neither proxy shows a significant correlation with primary or export productivity for the entire region. Biogenic opal fluxes, when corrected for preservation using 230Th-normalized accumulation rates, show a good correlation with primary productivity along the volcanic arcs (tau = 0.71, p = 0.0024) and with export productivity throughout the western Subarctic North Pacific (tau = 0.71, p = 0.0107). Moderate and good correlations of biogenic barium flux with export production (tau = 0.57, p = 0.0022) and with surface water silicate concentrations (tau = 0.70, p = 0.0002) are observed for the central and eastern Subarctic North Pacific. For reasons unknown, however, no correlation is found in the western Subarctic North Pacific between biogenic barium flux and the reference data. Nonetheless, we show that barite saturation, uncertainty in the lithogenic barium corrections and problems with the reference datasets are not responsible for the lack of a significant correlation between biogenic barium flux and the reference data. Further studies evaluating the factors controlling the variability of the biogenic constituents in the sediments are desirable in this region.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 8
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    Dust flux records from the Subarctic North Pacific (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Serno, Sascha; Winckler, Gisela; Anderson, Robert F; Maier, Edith; Ren, Haojia Abby; Gersonde, Rainer; Haug, Gerald H (2015): Comparing dust flux records from the Subarctic North Pacific and Greenland: Implications for atmospheric transport to Greenland and for the application of dust as a chronostratigraphic tool. Paleoceanography, 30(6), 583-600, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002748
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: We present a new record of eolian dust flux to the western Subarctic North Pacific (SNP) covering the past 27000 years based on a core from the Detroit Seamount. Comparing the SNP dust record to the NGRIP ice core record shows significant differences in the amplitude of dust changes to the two regions during the last deglaciation, while the timing of abrupt changes is synchronous. If dust deposition in the SNP faithfully records its mobilization in East Asian source regions, then the difference in the relative amplitude must reflect climate-related changes in atmospheric dust transport to Greenland. Based on the synchronicity in the timing of dust changes in the SNP and Greenland, we tie abrupt deglacial transitions in the 230Th-normalized 4He flux record to corresponding transitions in the well-dated NGRIP dust flux record to provide a new chronostratigraphic technique for marine sediments from the SNP. Results from this technique are complemented by radiocarbon dating, which allows us to independently constrain radiocarbon paleoreservoir ages. We find paleoreservoir ages of 745 ± 140 yr at 11653 yr BP, 680 ± 228 yr at 14630 yr BP and 790 ± 498 yr at 23290 yr BP. Our reconstructed paleoreservoir ages are consistent with modern surface water reservoir ages in the western SNP. Good temporal synchronicity between eolian dust records from the Subantarctic Atlantic and equatorial Pacific and the ice core record from Antarctica supports the reliability of the proposed dust tuning method to be used more widely in other global ocean regions.
    Keywords: INOPEX; KAL; Kasten corer; North Pacific Ocean; SO202/1; SO202/1_07-6; Sonne
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    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 9
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    Stable isotope records and biogenic barium fluxes of sediment core SO202-07-06 (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Ren, Haojia Abby; Studer, Anja S; Serno, Sascha; Sigman, Daniel M; Winckler, Gisela; Anderson, Robert F; Oleynik, Sergey; Gersonde, Rainer; Haug, Gerald H (2015): Glacial-to-interglacial changes in nitrate supply and consumption in the subarctic North Pacific from microfossil-bound N isotopes at two trophic levels. Paleoceanography, 30(9), 1217-1232, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002765
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Reduced nitrate supply to the subarctic North Pacific (SNP) surface during the last ice age has been inferred from coupled changes in diatom-bound d15N (DB-d15N), bulk sedimentary d15N, and biogenic fluxes. However, the reliability of bulk sedimentary and DB-d15N has been questioned, and a previously reported d15N minimum during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) has proven difficult to explain. In a core from the western SNP, we report the foraminifera-bound d15N (FB-d15N) in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Globigerina bulloides, comparing them with DB-d15N in the same core over the past 25 kyr. The d15N of all recorders is higher during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than in the Holocene, indicating more complete nitrate consumption. N. pachyderma FB-d15N is similar to DB-d15N in the Holocene but 2.2 per mil higher during the LGM. This difference suggests a greater sensitivity of FB-d15N to changes in summertime nitrate drawdown and d15N rise, consistent with a lag of the foraminifera relative to diatoms in reaching their summertime production peak in this highly seasonal environment. Unlike DB-d15N, FB-d15N does not decrease from the LGM into HS1, which supports a previous suggestion that the HS1 DB-d15N minimum is due to contamination by sponge spicules. FB-d15N drops in the latter half of the Bølling/Allerød warm period and rises briefly in the Younger Dryas cold period, followed by a decline into the mid-Holocene. The FB-d15N records suggest that the coupling among cold climate, reduced nitrate supply, and more complete nitrate consumption that characterized the LGM also applied to the deglacial cold events.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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  • 10
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    U, Th and He isotope content, and accumulation rates of sediment core SO202-07-6 (2015)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Keywords: 230Th-normalised; Accumulation rate, sediment, mean per year; Accumulation rate, sediment, standard deviation; AGE; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Helium-3; Helium-3, standard deviation; Helium-3/Helium-4; Helium-3/Helium-4, standard deviation; Helium-4; Helium-4, standard deviation; Helium-4, terrestrial; Helium-4, terrestrial, flux; Helium-4, terrestrial, flux, standard deviation; Helium-4, terrestrial, standard deviation; INOPEX; KAL; Kasten corer; North Pacific Ocean; SO202/1; SO202/1_07-6; Sonne; Thorium-230; Thorium-230, standard deviation; Thorium-232; Thorium-232, standard deviation; Uranium-238; Uranium-238, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1020 data points
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