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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of aerosolspectroscopy for determination of the particle size distribution of aqueous dispersions in the submicroscopic rangeDedicated to Prof. Dr. R. Sammet on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 85 (1980), S. 181-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein kürzlich entwickeltes Aerosolspektrometer bietet eine neue Methode, um die Partikelgröße wäßriger Dispersionen im submikroskopischen Bereich zu bestimmen. Diese Technik verbindet einfaches Präparieren der Probe und schnelles Messen mit ausge zeichneter Auflösung. Die Brauchbarkeit der Methode wird an einigen typischen Beispielen demonstriert.
    Notes: A recently developed aerosolspectrometer offers a new method for particle size analysis of aqueous dispersions in the submicroscopic range. This technique combines simple sample preparation and quick measurement with excellent resolution. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated by some typical examples.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1980.050850113
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    AN INEXPENSIVE, QUANTITATIVE PUMP (1942)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1942-05-08
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Uncertainty of simulated groundwater recharge at different global warming levels: a global-scale multi-model ensemble study (2021)
    In:  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Billions of people rely on groundwater as an accessible source for drinking water and irrigation, especially in times of drought. Its importance will likely increase with a changing climate. It is still unclear, however, how climate change will impact groundwater systems globally and thus the availability of this vital resource. This study investigates uncertainties in groundwater recharge projections using a multi-model ensemble of eight global hydrological models (GHMs) that are driven by the bias-adjusted output of four global circulation models (GCMs). Preindustrial and current groundwater recharge values are compared with recharge for different global warming (GW) levels as a result of three representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Results suggest that the uncertainty range is extensive, and projections with confidence can only be made for specific regions of the world. In some regions, reversals of groundwater recharge trends can be observed with global warming. On average, a consistent median increase of groundwater recharge in northern Europe of 19 % and a decrease of 10 % in the Amazon at 3 °C GW compared to preindustrial levels are simulated. In the Mediterranean, a 2 °C GW leads to a reduction of GWR of 38 %. Because most GHMs do not include CO2 driven vegetation processes, we investigate how, including the effect of evolving CO2 concentrations into the calculation of future groundwater recharge impacts the results. In some regions, the inclusion of these processes leads to differences in groundwater recharge changes of up to 100 mm year−1. Overall, models that include CO2 driven vegetation processes simulate less severe decreases of groundwater recharge and in some regions even increases instead of decreases. In regions where GCMs predict decreases in precipitation, and groundwater availability is most important, the model agreement among GHMs with dynamic vegetation is lowest in contrast to GHMs without, which show a high agreement.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Functional relationships reveal differences in the water cycle representation of global water models (2023)
    In:  Nature Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Global water models are increasingly used to understand past, present and future water cycles, but disagreements between simulated variables make model-based inferences uncertain. Although there is empirical evidence of different large-scale relationships in hydrology, these relationships are rarely considered in model evaluation. Here we evaluate global water models using functional relationships that capture the spatial co-variability of forcing variables (precipitation, net radiation) and key response variables (actual evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, total runoff). Results show strong disagreement in both shape and strength of model-based functional relationships, especially for groundwater recharge. Empirical and theory-derived functional relationships show varying agreements with models, indicating that our process understanding is particularly uncertain for energy balance processes, groundwater recharge processes and in dry and/or cold regions. Functional relationships offer great potential for model evaluation and an opportunity for fundamental advances in global hydrology and Earth system research in general.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Towards a theory of evaluation for large-scale environmental models (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-09
    Description: We increasingly rely on complex environmental models to understand the functioning and the fate of our planet. Models now inform policy makers and the general public, and therefore have impacts way beyond the scientific realm. Yet, while our models have grown in complexity, scale and societal relevance, there has not been a concurrent development of model evaluation. For example, model evaluation still commonly relies on comparison with historical data at a few geographically biased sites, which is insufficient if models are used for scenario exploration. In this contribution, we want to reflect on the evolution of model evaluation and discuss the requirements that evaluation strategies for complex environmental models should meet. We do so by presenting an alternative strategy applied to global water models, namely evaluation using functional relationships between model forcings and model outputs. We further discuss the more general need for a “theory of evaluation” by looking at approaches from related disciplines, such as the use of emergent constraints in climate modelling or qualitative and participatory approaches to evaluation in sustainability science.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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