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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Litter decomposition ; Lignin ; Holocellulose ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Differential thermogravimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Changes in the physicochemical properties of three kinds of litter (Prunus serotina leaves, Carpinus betulus leaves, and Pinus sylvestris needles) were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermogravimetry after decomposition for 12 to 27 months under field conditions. As expected, holocellulose was always decomposed to a larger extent than the corresponding lignin components, leading to an enrichment of lignin in the residue. These lignins were more or less modified depending on the plant species. Moreover, the results suggest that energy-rich crystalline cellulose accumulates during decomposition at the expense of easier degradable amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses. The quotient Q, from the corresponding calorimetry and thermogravimetry values, was introduced to estimate the “specific energy content” as a measure for the decomposition of litter components.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 207-217 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Coryneform Hydrogen Bacteria ; Taxonomical Classification ; Corynebacterium autotrophicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recently isolated coryneform hydrogen bacteria were investigated under taxonomical aspects. Strains 7 C, RH 10, and 14 g are characterized by the snapping type of cell division, 68.5 to 69.7% GC content, dl-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, content of metachromatic granules, weak utilization of sugars and inhibitory effect of citrate. The strains are placed to the group 1—genus Corynebacterium—of the classification of coryneform bacteria of Yamada and Komagata (1972) and the name Corynebacterium autotrophicum sp.nov. is proposed. Strains 11 X and RH 12 are characterized by the bending type of cell division, a GC content of 70.2 and 70.5%, ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, absence of metachromatic granules, utilization of several sugars and no changes in cell morphology by citrate. The strains have to be placed to group 6 of coryneform bacteria.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Soluble NAD-reducing hydrogenase ; Membrane-bound hydrogenase ; Diaphorase ; Rhodococcus opacus 1b ; Alcaligenes eutrophus H16
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six new strains of Alcaligenes enriched for and isolated as nickel-resistant bacteria resemble Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and contain both an NAD-reducing, tetrameric soluble hydrogenase and a membrane-bound hydrogenase. None of the soluble hydrogenases share with the Rhodococcus opacus MR11 enzyme tetramer the property of being cleaved easily into two dimeric moieties [a hydrogenase (βδ) and an NADH:acceptor oxidoreductase (αγ)], in the absence of nickel or at low ionic strength. The soluble hydrogenase of the newly isolated strain MR22 of R. opacus equalled that of strain MR11. The absence of a membrane-bound hydrogenase in Alcaligenes denitrificans strain 4a-2 and in Alcaligenes ruhlandii was confirmed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 67 (1969), S. 99-109 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei Hydrogenomonas H 16 wurden nach Mutationsauslösung mit salpetriger Säure etwa 0,4% und mit 1-Nitroso-3-nitro-1-methylguanidin 1,5% auxotrophe Mutanten unter den überlebenden Zellen gefunden. Um die Mutantenausbeute zu erhöhen, wurde eine Anreicherungsmethode ausgearbeitet. Die Penicillintechnik wurde dadurch modifiziert, daß anstelle des bei H 16 wirkungslosen Penicillins Colistin eingesetzt wurde. Eine 10stündige Einwirkung von 50 μg Colistin/ml überlebten im Modellversuch 88% der nichtwachsenden auxotrophen Zellen und nur 0,09% der wachsenden Wildtypzellen. 2. Es wurden 214 Mutanten isoliert und bezüglich ihres Nährstoffbedarfs charakterisiert. Neben auxotrophen wurden auch solche Mutanten isoliert, die Fructose nicht als C-Quelle zu verwerten vermögen. 3. Einige der isoleucin- und isoleucin-valin-bedürftigen Mutanten wurden eingehender untersucht. Kreuzfütterungs- und Enzymversuche lassen folgern, daß die Biosynthesewege für Isoleucin und Valin in Hydrogenomonas mit denen in anderen Bakterien identisch sind.
    Notes: Summary 1. Using cells of Hydrogenomonas H 16 after mutagenesis by nitrous acid about 0.4 percent and by 1-nitroso-3-nitro-1-methylguanidine 1.5 percent auxotrophic mutants were found among the survivors. In order to increase the mutant yield an enrichment method was elaborated. The penicillin technique was modified by replacing penicillin by colistine, since penicillin is ineffective for Hydrogenomonas H 16. The incubation of 108 cells/ml under growth conditions in the presence of 50 μg colistine/ml for 10 hrs was found effective; during a model experiment 88 percent of the non-growing auxotrophic cells and only 0.09 percent of the growing wildtype cells survived. 2. 214 mutants were isolated and nutritionally characterized. In addition to auxotrophs many mutants were isolated which lack the ability to utilize fructose. 3. Some of the strains requiring isoleucine, or isoleucine+valine were characterized. On the basis of results of crossfeeding experiments and of enzyme assays it is concluded that the biosynthetic pathways for isoleucine and valine in Hydrogenomonas are the same as in other bacteria.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 67 (1969), S. 110-127 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Rohextrakten aus Hydrogenomonas H 16 und davon abgeleiteten Mutanten wurden die regulatorischen Eigenschaften der Threonin-Desaminase und der Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase untersucht. 1. Die Aktivität der Threonin-Desaminase wurde nach zwei Verfahren im zusammengesetzten optischen Test an der NADH2-Oxydation gemessen: durch Umsetzung des entstehenden Ammoniaks mit Glutamat-Dehydrogenase zu Glutamat und durch Reduktion des entstehenden α-Ketobutyrats durch Lactat-Dehydrogenase zu α-Hydroxybutyrat. Das pH-Optimum liegt in Tris-Puffer bei pH 9,0. Die Desaminierungsreaktion wird bereits durch 0,3 mM L-Isoleucin vollständig gehemmt. Die Hemmung läßt sich durch L-Valin teilweise aufheben. Die Substrat-(Threonin)-Sättigungskurve hat paraboloiden, in Gegenwart von Isoleucin (0,05 mM) sigmoiden Verlauf. Der Hill-Koeffizient beträgt in Abwesenheit des Inhibitors n=1,1 und in Gegenwart von Isoleucin n=2,4 (pH 8,3). 2. Von einer isoleucin-auxotrophen Mutante, deren Threonin-Desaminase defekt ist, wurde eine prototrophe Revertante isoliert, die Isoleucin ausscheidet. Die Threonin-Desaminase dieser Mutante unterscheidet sich vom Wildtypenzym durch eine verminderte Affinität für Isoleucin; halbmaximale Hemmung erfolgt bei 2,5 mM Isoleucin gegenüber 0,2 mM beim Wildtypenzym. 3. Die Acetohydroxysäur-Synthase wird bei pH 9,0, dem pH-Optimum der katalytischen Aktivität, durch L-Valin zu 25% gehemmt; bei pH 7,4 bewirken 0,1 mM L-Valin eine 50%ige Hemmung. Die Hemmung ist spezifisch; L-Isoleucin und L-Leucin bewirken weder eine Aktivitätsminderung, noch wirken sie antagonistisch. 4. Während des Wachstums einer isoleucin-valin-auxotrophen Mutante im Chemostaten werden bei Wachstumsbegrenzung durch L-Valin beide Enzyme, die Threonin-Desaminase und die Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase, dereprimiert gebildet. Wachstumsbegrenzung durch Isoleucin führt zur Derepression der Bildung der Threonin-Desaminase.
    Notes: Summary Threonine desaminase and acetohydroxyacid synthase in cell-free extracts of Hydrogenomonas H 16 and mutants derived therefrom have been studied with respect to their regulatory properties. 1. The activity of threonine desaminase has been determined employing two combined optical tests using the oxidation of NADH2 as indicator system: by trapping the ammonia produced through glutamate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate and by reducing the α-ketobutyrate produced through lactate dehydrogenase. Optimum pH has been found to be 9.0 in tris-buffer. The desaminase reaction is completely inhibited already by 0.3 mM L-isoleucine. The inhibition is partially relieved by L-valine. The substrate (threonine) saturation curve has paraboloid shape; in the presence of isoleucine (0.05 mM) its shape is sigmoid. The Hill-coefficient in the absence of the inhibitor is n=1.1 and in the presence of L-isoleucine is n=2.4 (pH 8.3). 2. A prototrophic revertant has been isolated from an isoleucine requiring mutant defective in threonine desaminase. This revertant excretes isoleucine. The threonine desaminase of this revertant differs from the wildtype enzyme by a diminished affinity for isoleucine; half maximal inhibition occurs at 2.6 mM isoleucine in contrast to 0.2 mM at the wildtype enzyme. 3. The acetohydroxyacid synthase has its pH optimum at 9.0. At this pH the inhibition by L-valine amounts to 25%. At pH 7.4 a 50% inhibition was observed at a 0.1 mM concentration of valine. By varying the magnesium concentration an 80% inhibition was observed at 0.2 mM valine. The sensitivity of the enzyme is specific for L-valine; L-isoleucine and L-leucine neither decrease the activity nor act antagonistically. 4. When an isoleucine-valine-auxotrophic mutant was grown in a chemostat and when growth was limited by the concentration of valine, the formation of both enzymes, threonine desaminase and acetohydroxyacid synthase, became derepressed. When growth was limited by the concentration of isoleucine only threonine desaminase became derepressed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nocardia opaca ; Rhodococcus erythropolis ; Genetic transfer ; Hydrogen autotrophy ; Hydrogenase ; Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase ; Phosphoribulokinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enzyme activities have been measured in the partners of a bacterial mating system consisting of the hydrogen autotroph Nocardia opaca (donor and Aut- recipient), the heterotroph Rhodococcus erythropolis (recipient) and intra- and interspecies transconjugants after growth on fructose, pyruvate and under autotrophic conditions. Specific activities of each of the enzymes hydrogenase, phosphoribulokinase and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase were high in autotrophically grown cells of the donor and the transconjugants: they amounted to only 10% after growth on pyruvate. The recipient cells did not grow autotrophically and the enzymes mentioned were not detectable even after growth on pyruvate. Other enzymes of the Calvin cycle were constitutively formed in all strains examined. The properties of hydrogenase (K m for NAD, Rf in gel electrophoresis) and of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (K m for RuBP and Rf) were the same in the donor and transconjugant cells. The properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (K m for G-6-P and mode of inhibition by ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate) were the same in the recipient and the interspecies transconjugant cells and differed from those of the donor cells. The curves of growth under autotrophic conditions in batch culture of the donor and interspecies transconjugant were almost congruent. The specific activities of hydrogenase, phosphoribulokinase and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase increased from 40% at the beginning to 100% at the end of the exponential growth phase; these enzymes were under coordinate control. The results are in accordance with genetic studies: the genetic information for autotrophic growth is localized on a so far unidentified genetic element and is transferred en bloc from N. opaca to Aut- mutants of the same strain or to recipient bacteria such as R. erythropolis; expression in the wild type and transconjugant cells is the same.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 613 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 196 (1991), S. 104-110 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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