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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Abundance per area; Acid-base regulation; Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Arbacia lixula; Area/locality; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcium; Calcium, standard error; Calcium ion; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Coelomic fluid, bicarbonate ion; Coelomic fluid, carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Coelomic fluid, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Coelomic fluid, pH; Echinodermata; EXP; Experiment; Field experiment; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Levante_Bay_Vulcano; Magnesium; Magnesium, standard error; Magnesium ion; Mediterranean Sea; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Paracentrotus lividus; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potassium, standard error; Potassium ion; Potentiometric; Replicate; Salinity; Single species; Sodium, standard error; Sodium ion; Species; Strontium; Strontium, standard error; Table; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in days; Time in hours; Tissues; Treatment; UKOA; United Kingdom Ocean Acidification research programme
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8940 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Amphiglena mediterranea; Animalia; Annelida; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard error; Area/locality; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard error; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard error; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard error; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; EXP; Experiment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Ischia; Lysidice collaris; Lysidice ninetta; Mediterranean Sea; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; pH; pH, standard error; Platynereis dumerilii; Polyophthalmus pictus; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Sabella spallanzanii; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Single species; Species; Station label; Syllis prolifera; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; UKOA; United Kingdom Ocean Acidification research programme; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6290 data points
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Collard, Marie; Rastrick, S P S; Calosi, Piero; Demolder, Yoann; Dille, Jean; Findlay, Helen S; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Milazzo, Marco; Moulin, Laure; Widdicombe, Steve; Dehairs, Frank; Dubois, Philippe (2015): The impact of ocean acidification and warming on the skeletal mechanical properties of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from laboratory and field observations. ICES Journal of Marine Science, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv018
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is leading to changes in the carbonate chemistry and the temperature of the ocean. The impact of these processes on marine organisms will depend on their ability to cope with those changes, particularly the maintenance of calcium carbonate structures. Both a laboratory experiment (long-term exposure to decreased pH and increased temperature) and collections of individuals from natural environments characterized by low pH levels (individuals from intertidal pools and around a CO2 seep) were here coupled to comprehensively study the impact of near-future conditions of pH and temperature on the mechanical properties of the skeleton of the euechinoid sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To assess skeletal mechanical properties, we characterized the fracture force, Young's modulus, second moment of area, material nanohardness, and specific Young's modulus of sea urchin test plates. None of these parameters were significantly affected by low pH and/or increased temperature in the laboratory experiment and by low pH only in the individuals chronically exposed to lowered pH from the CO2 seeps. In tidal pools, the fracture force was higher and the Young's modulus lower in ambital plates of individuals from the rock pool characterized by the largest pH variations but also a dominance of calcifying algae, which might explain some of the variation. Thus, decreases of pH to levels expected for 2100 did not directly alter the mechanical properties of the test of P. lividus. Since the maintenance of test integrity is a question of survival for sea urchins and since weakened tests would increase the sea urchins' risk of predation, our findings indicate that the decreasing seawater pH and increasing seawater temperature expected for the end of the century should not represent an immediate threat to sea urchins vulnerability
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Area; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Diameter; Echinodermata; Experiment; Field observation; Force; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Hardness; Height; Identification; Laboratory experiment; Length; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other studied parameter or process; Paracentrotus lividus; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Proportion; Replicate; Salinity; Second moment of area; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature; Temperature, water; Test set; Thickness; Treatment; Young's modulus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 15451 data points
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  • 4
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Garilli, Vittorio; Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo; Scuderi, Danilo; Brusca, Lorenzo; Parrinello, Daniela; Rastrick, S P S; Foggo, A; Twitchett, Richard J; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Milazzo, Marco (2015): Physiological advantages of dwarfing in surviving extinctions in high-CO2 oceans. Nature Climate Change, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2616
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Excessive CO2 in the present-day ocean-atmosphere system is causing ocean acidification, and is likely to cause a severe biodiversity decline in the future, mirroring effects in many past mass extinctions. Fossil records demonstrate that organisms surviving such events were often smaller than those before, a phenomenon called the Lilliput effect. Here, we show that two gastropod species adapted to acidified seawater at shallow-water CO2 seeps were smaller than those found in normal pH conditions and had higher mass-specific energy consumption but significantly lower whole-animal metabolic energy demand. These physiological changes allowed the animals to maintain calcification and to partially repair shell dissolution. These observations of the long-term chronic effects of increased CO2 levels forewarn of changes we can expect in marine ecosystems as CO2 emissions continue to rise unchecked, and support the hypothesis that ocean acidification contributed to past extinction events. The ability to adapt through dwarfing can confer physiological advantages as the rate of CO2 emissions continues to increase.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Cyclope neritea; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Height; Height/width ratio; Identification; Laboratory experiment; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; Month; Nassarius corniculus; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Sicily_Exp; Single species; Site; Species; Table; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Thickness; Treatment; Width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13576 data points
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  • 5
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Harvey, Ben P; McKeown, Niall J; Rastrick, S P S; Bertolini, Camilla; Foggo, Andy; Graham, Helen; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Milazzo, Marco; Shaw, Paul W; Small, Daniel; Moore, Pippa J (2016): Individual and population-level responses to ocean acidification. Scientific Reports, 6, 20194, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20194
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification is predicted to have detrimental effects on many marine organisms and ecological processes. Despite growing evidence for direct impacts on specific species, few studies have simultaneously considered the effects of ocean acidification on individuals (e.g. consequences for energy budgets and resource partitioning) and population level demographic processes. Here we show that ocean acidification increases energetic demands on gastropods resulting in altered energy allocation, i.e. reduced shell size but increased body mass. When scaled up to the population level, long-term exposure to ocean acidification altered population demography, with evidence of a reduction in the proportion of females in the population and genetic signatures of increased variance in reproductive success among individuals. Such increased variance enhances levels of short-term genetic drift which is predicted to inhibit adaptation. Our study indicates that even against a background of high gene flow, ocean acidification is driving individual- and population-level changes that will impact eco-evolutionary trajectories.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Dry mass; EXP; Experiment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Hexaplex trunculus; Levante_OA; Mediterranean Sea; Mollusca; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Sex; Single species; Site; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Wet mass
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3024 data points
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Brown, Norah E M; Milazzo, Marco; Rastrick, S P S; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Therriault, Thomas W; Harley, Christopher D G (2018): Natural acidification changes the timing and rate of succession, alters community structure, and increases homogeneity in marine biofouling communities. Global Change Biology, 24(1), e112-e127, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13856
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification may have far-reaching consequences for marine community and ecosystem dynamics, but its full impacts remain poorly understood due to the difficulty of manipulating pCO2 at the ecosystem level to mimic realistic fluctuations that occur on a number of different timescales. It is especially unclear how quickly communities at various stages of development respond to intermediate-scale pCO2 change and, if high pCO2 is relieved mid-succession, whether past acidification effects persist, are reversed by alleviation of pCO2 stress, or are worsened by departures from prior high pCO2 conditions to which organisms had acclimatized. Here, we used reciprocal transplant experiments along a shallow water volcanic pCO2 gradient to assess the importance of the timing and duration of high pCO2 exposure (i.e. discrete events at different stages of successional development vs. continuous exposure) on patterns of colonization and succession in a benthic fouling community. We show that succession at the acidified site was initially delayed (less community change by eight weeks) but then caught up over the next four weeks. These changes in succession led to homogenization of communities maintained in or transplanted to acidified conditions, and altered community structure in ways that reflected both short- and longer-term acidification history. These community shifts are likely a result of interspecific variability in response to increased pCO2 and changes in species interactions. High pCO2 altered biofilm development, allowing serpulids to do best at the acidified site by the end of the experiment, although early (pre-transplant), negative effects of pCO2 on recruitment of these worms was still detectable. The ascidians Diplosoma sp. and Botryllus sp. settled later and were more tolerant to acidification. Overall, transient and persistent acidification-driven changes in the biofouling community, via both past and more recent exposure, could have important implications for ecosystem function and food web dynamics.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Individuals; Levante_OA; Mediterranean Sea; Number of species; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Shannon Diversity Index; Site; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in weeks; Type
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 11998 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: We carried out a common garden experiment to investigate how different populations of the economically important great scallop (Pecten maximus) from France and Norway responded to variation in temperature and pCO2 concentration. After acclimation, post-larval scallops (spat) were reared for 31 days at one of two temperatures (13°C and 19°C) under either ambient or elevated pCO2 (pH 8.0 and pH 7.7). We combined measures of proteomic, metabolic, and phenotypic traits to produce an integrative picture of how physiological plasticity varies between the populations.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Body mass, dry; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Condition index; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Group; Growth/Morphology; Height; Identification; Individual code; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pecten maximus; pH; pH, standard deviation; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Shell, dry mass; Single species; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Treatment: temperature; Type of study
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 19507 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: The distribution and function of many marine species is largely determined by the effect of abiotic drivers on their reproduction and early development, including those drivers associated with elevated CO 2 and global climate change. A number of studies have therefore investigated the effects of elevated p CO 2 on a range of reproductive parameters, including sperm motility and fertilisation success. To date, most of these studies have not examined the possible synergistic effects of other abiotic drivers, such as the increased frequency of hypoxic events that are also associated with climate change. The present study is therefore novel in assessing the impact that an hypoxic event could have on reproduction in a future high CO 2 ocean. Specifically, this study assesses sperm motility and fertilisation success in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus exposed to elevated p CO 2 for 6 months. Gametes extracted from these pre-acclimated individuals were subjected to hypoxic conditions simulating an hypoxic event in a future high CO 2 ocean. Sperm swimming speed increased under elevated p CO 2 and decreased under hypoxic conditions resulting in the elevated p CO 2 and hypoxic treatment being approximately equivalent to the control. There was also a combined negative effect of increased p CO 2 and hypoxia on the percentage of motile sperm. There was a significant negative effect of elevated p CO 2 on fertilisation success, and when combined with a simulated hypoxic event there was an even greater effect. This could affect cohort recruitment and in turn reduce the density of this ecologically and economically important ecosystem engineer therefore potentially effecting biodiversity and ecosystem services.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Increased atmospheric CO 2 concentration is leading to changes in the carbonate chemistry and the temperature of the ocean. The impact of these processes on marine organisms will depend on their ability to cope with those changes, particularly the maintenance of calcium carbonate structures. Both a laboratory experiment (long-term exposure to decreased pH and increased temperature) and collections of individuals from natural environments characterized by low pH levels (individuals from intertidal pools and around a CO 2 seep) were here coupled to comprehensively study the impact of near-future conditions of pH and temperature on the mechanical properties of the skeleton of the euechinoid sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus . To assess skeletal mechanical properties, we characterized the fracture force, Young's modulus, second moment of area, material nanohardness, and specific Young's modulus of sea urchin test plates. None of these parameters were significantly affected by low pH and/or increased temperature in the laboratory experiment and by low pH only in the individuals chronically exposed to lowered pH from the CO 2 seeps. In tidal pools, the fracture force was higher and the Young's modulus lower in ambital plates of individuals from the rock pool characterized by the largest pH variations but also a dominance of calcifying algae, which might explain some of the variation. Thus, decreases of pH to levels expected for 2100 did not directly alter the mechanical properties of the test of P. lividus . Since the maintenance of test integrity is a question of survival for sea urchins and since weakened tests would increase the sea urchins' risk of predation, our findings indicate that the decreasing seawater pH and increasing seawater temperature expected for the end of the century should not represent an immediate threat to sea urchins vulnerability.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Most studies assessing the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on benthic marine invertebrates have used stable mean pH/ p CO 2 levels to highlight variation in the physiological sensitivities in a range of taxa. However, many marine environments experience natural fluctuations in carbonate chemistry, and to date little attempt has been made to understand the effect of naturally fluctuating seawater p CO 2 ( p CO 2 sw ) on the physiological capacity of organisms to maintain acid–base homeostasis. Here, for the first time, we exposed two species of sea urchin with different acid–base tolerances, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula , to naturally fluctuating p CO 2 sw conditions at shallow water CO 2 seep systems (Vulcano, Italy) and assessed their acid–base responses. Both sea urchin species experienced fluctuations in extracellular coelomic fluid pH, p CO 2 , and [HCO3–] (pH e , p CO 2 e , and [HCO3–]e , respectively) in line with fluctuations in p CO 2 sw . The less tolerant species, P. lividus, had the greatest capacity for [HCO3–]e buffering in response to acute p CO 2 sw fluctuations, but it also experienced greater extracellular hypercapnia and acidification and was thus unable to fully compensate for acid–base disturbances. Conversely, the more tolerant A. lixula relied on non-bicarbonate protein buffering and greater respiratory control. In the light of these findings, we discuss the possible energetic consequences of increased reliance on bicarbonate buffering activity in P. lividus compared with A. lixula and how these differing physiological responses to acute fluctuations in p CO 2 sw may be as important as chronic responses to mean changes in p CO 2 sw when considering how CO 2 emissions will affect survival and success of marine organisms within naturally assembled systems.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
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