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  • 1
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    Atmospheric rivers (2020)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Call number: AWI E-Book
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xlii, 252 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Karten
    Edition: 1st edition 2020
    ISBN: 9783030289065 , 978-3-030-28906-5
    URL: E-Book (access only within the AWI network)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28906-5
    Language: English
    Note: Contents 1 Introduction to Atmospheric Rivers / F. Martin Ralph, Michael D. Dettinger, Lawrence J. Schick, and Michael L. Anderson 2 Structure, Process, and Mechanism / Harald Sodemann, Heini Wernli, Peter Knippertz, Jason M. Cordeira, Francina Dominguez, Bin Guan, Huancui Hu, F. Martin Ralph, and Andreas Stohl 3 Observing and Detecting Atmospheric Rivers / F. Martin Ralph, Allen B. White, Gary A. Wick, Michael L. Anderson, and Jonathan J. Rutz 4 Global and Regional Perspectives / Jonathan J. Rutz, Bin Guan, Deniz Bozkurt, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Alexander Gershunov, David A. Lavers, Kelly M. Mahoney, Benjamin J. Moore, William Neff, Paul J. Neiman, F. Martin Ralph, Alexandre M. Ramos, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Tsukernik, Raúl Valenzuela, Maximiliano Viale, and Heini Wernli 5 Effects of Atmospheric Rivers / Michael D. Dettinger, David A. Lavers, Gilbert P. Compo, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, William Neff, Paul J. Neiman, Alexandre M. Ramos, Jonathan J. Rutz, Maximiliano Viale, Andrew J. Wade, and Allen B. White 6 Atmospheric River Modeling: Forecasts, Climate Simulations, and Climate Projections / Duane E. Waliser and Jason M. Cordeira 7 Applications of Knowledge and Predictions of Atmospheric Rivers / Lawrence J. Schick, Michael L. Anderson, F. Martin Ralph, Michael D. Dettinger, David A. Lavers, Florian Pappenberger, David S. Richardson, and Ervin Zsoter 8 The Future of Atmospheric River Research and Applications / F. Martin Ralph, Duane E. Waliser, Michael D. Dettinger, Jonathan J. Rutz, Michael L. Anderson, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Bin Guan, and William Neff Index
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Atmospheric river dust scores for 2001 to 2018 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-19
    Description: The AR "dust score" characterizes the dustiness of the environment associated with ARs that made landfall along the west coast of the U.S. between 2001 and 2018 using satellite-based observations. The AR dust score is calculated from the average of dust aerosol optical depth within the horizontal boundaries of the landfalling AR, as defined by the Rutz AR catalogue. This dataset has been used to investigate how often dust is present in the surroundings of ARs along the U.S. west coast, as dust can impact cloud microphysics and precipitation from these storms. Further information describing the calculation of an AR dust score can be found in Voss et al. (2020) (doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0059.1).
    Keywords: aerosol; atmospheric river; DATE/TIME; Defined by the Rutz AR catalogue; dust; dust score; Dust score; Pixels within atmospheric rivers feature
    Type: dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13140 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Four Atmospheric Circulation Regimes Over the North Pacific and Their Relationship to California Precipitation on Daily to Seasonal Timescales (2020)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-11
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 4
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    Forecasting Atmospheric Rivers during CalWater 2015 (2017)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-01
    Description: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are long and narrow corridors of enhanced vertically integrated water vapor (IWV) and IWV transport (IVT) within the warm sector of extra tropical cyclones that can produce heavy precipitation and flooding in regions of complex terrain, especially along the U.S. West Coast. Several field campaigns have investigated ARs under the CalWater program of field studies. The first field phase of CalWater during 2009–11 increased the number of observations of precipitation and aerosols, among other parameters, across California and sampled ARs in the coastal and near-coastal environment, whereas the second field phase of CalWater during 2014–15 observed the structure and intensity of ARs and aerosols in the coastal and offshore environment over the northeast Pacific. This manuscript highlights the forecasts that were prepared for the CalWater field campaign in 2015, and the development and use of an “AR portal” that was used to inform these forecasts. The AR portal contains archived and real-time deterministic and probabilistic gridded forecast tools related to ARs that emphasize water vapor concentrations and water vapor flux distributions over the eastern North Pacific, among other parameters, in a variety of formats derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System and Global Ensemble Forecast System. The tools created for the CalWater 2015 field campaign provided valuable guidance for flight planning and field activity purposes, and they may prove useful in forecasting ARs and better anticipating hydrometeorological extremes along the U.S. West Coast.
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 5
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    Global Analysis of Climate Change Projection Effects on Atmospheric Rivers (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-07
    Description: A uniform, global approach is used to quantify how atmospheric rivers (ARs) change between Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 historical simulations and future projections under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 warming scenarios. The projections indicate that while there will be ~10% fewer ARs in the future, the ARs will be ~25% longer, ~25% wider, and exhibit stronger integrated water vapor transports (IVTs) under RCP8.5. These changes result in pronounced increases in the frequency (IVT strength) of AR conditions under RCP8.5: ~50% (25%) globally, ~50% (20%) in the northern midlatitudes, and ~60% (20%) in the southern midlatitudes. The models exhibit systematic low biases across the midlatitudes in replicating historical AR frequency (~10%), zonal IVT (~15%), and meridional IVT (~25%), with sizable intermodel differences. A more detailed examination of six regions strongly impacted by ARs suggests that the western United States, northwestern Europe, and southwestern South America exhibit considerable intermodel differences in projected changes in ARs. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 6
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    An Intercomparison between Reanalysis and Dropsonde Observations of the Total Water Vapor Transport in Individual Atmospheric Rivers (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-01
    Description: A recent study presented nearly two decades of airborne atmospheric river (AR) observations and concluded that, on average, an individual AR transports ~5 × 108 kg s−1 of water vapor. The study here compares those cases to ARs independently identified in reanalyses based on a refined algorithm that can detect less well-structured ARs, with the dual-purpose of validating reanalysis ARs against observations and evaluating dropsonde representativeness relative to reanalyses. The first comparison is based on 21 dropsonde-observed ARs in the northeastern Pacific and those closely matched, but not required to be exactly collocated, in ERA-Interim (MERRA-2), which indicates a mean error of −2% (−8%) in AR width and +3% (−1%) in total integrated water vapor transport (TIVT) and supports the effectiveness of the AR detection algorithm applied to the reanalyses. The second comparison is between the 21 dropsonde ARs and ~6000 ARs detected in ERA-Interim (MERRA-2) over the same domain, which indicates a mean difference of 5% (20%) in AR width and 5% (14%) in TIVT and suggests the limited number of dropsonde observations is a highly (reasonably) representative sampling of ARs in the northeastern Pacific. Sensitivities of the comparison to seasonal and geographical variations in AR width/TIVT are also examined. The results provide a case where dedicated observational efforts in specific regions corroborate with global reanalyses in better characterizing the geometry and strength of ARs regionally and globally. The results also illustrate that the reanalysis depiction of ARs can help inform the selection of locations for future observational and modeling efforts.
    Print ISSN: 1525-755X
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-7541
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 7
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    Global Assessment of Atmospheric River Prediction Skill (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-01
    Description: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are global phenomena that transport water vapor horizontally and are associated with hydrological extremes. In this study, the Atmospheric River Skill (ATRISK) algorithm is introduced, which quantifies AR prediction skill in an object-based framework using Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Project global hindcast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. The dependence of AR forecast skill is globally characterized by season, lead time, and distance between observed and forecasted ARs. Mean values of daily AR prediction skill saturate around 7–10 days, and seasonal variations are highest over the Northern Hemispheric ocean basins, where AR prediction skill increases by 15%–20% at a 7-day lead during boreal winter relative to boreal summer. AR hit and false alarm rates are explicitly considered using relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves. This analysis reveals that AR forecast utility increases at 10-day lead over the North Pacific/western U.S. region during positive El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions and at 7- and 10-day leads over the North Atlantic/U.K. region during negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) conditions and decreases at a 10-day lead over the North Pacific/western U.S. region during negative Pacific–North America (PNA) teleconnection conditions. Exceptionally large increases in AR forecast utility are found over the North Pacific/western United States at a 10-day lead during El Niño + positive PNA conditions and over the North Atlantic/United Kingdom at a 7-day lead during La Niña + negative PNA conditions. These results represent the first global assessment of AR prediction skill and highlight climate variability conditions that modulate regional AR forecast skill.
    Print ISSN: 1525-755X
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-7541
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 8
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    The Role of Atmospheric Rivers in Extratropical and Polar Hydroclimate (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-19
    Description: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow, long, transient, water vapor-rich corridors of the atmosphere that are responsible for over 90% of the poleward water vapor transport in and across midlatitudes. However, the role of ARs in modulating extratropical and polar hydroclimate features (e.g., water vapor content and precipitation) has not been fully studied, even though moistening of the polar atmosphere is both a key result and amplifier of Arctic warming and sea ice melt, and precipitation is key to the surface mass balance of polar sea ice and ice sheets. This study uses the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 reanalysis to characterize the roles of AR water vapor transport on the column-integrated atmospheric water vapor budget in the extratropical and polar regions of both hemispheres. Meridional water vapor transport by ARs across a given latitude (examined for 40°, 50°, 60°, and 70°) is strongly related to variations in area-averaged (i.e., over the cap poleward of the given latitude) total water vapor storage and precipitation poleward of that latitude. For the climatological annual cycle, both AR transport (i.e., nonlocal sources) and total evaporation (i.e., local sources) are most correlated with total precipitation, although with slightly different phases. However, for monthly anomalies, the water budget at higher latitudes is largely dominated by the relationship between AR transport and precipitation. For pentad and daily anomalies, AR transport is related to both precipitation and water vapor storage variations. These results demonstrate the important role of episodic, extreme water vapor transports by ARs in modulating extratropical and polar hydroclimate. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 9
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    Defining “Atmospheric River”: How the Glossary of Meteorology Helped Resolve a Debate (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of Atmospheric River Predictions by the WRF Model Using Aircraft and Regional Mesonet Observations of Orographic Precipitation and Its Forcing (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-01
    Description: Accurate forecasts of precipitation during landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) are critical because ARs play a large role in water supply and flooding for many regions. In this study, we have used hundreds of observations to verify global and regional model forecasts of atmospheric rivers making landfall in Northern California and offshore in the midlatitude northeast Pacific Ocean. We have characterized forecast error and the predictability limit in AR water vapor transport, static stability, onshore precipitation, and standard atmospheric fields. Analysis is also presented that apportions the role of orographic forcing and precipitation response in driving errors in forecast precipitation after AR landfall. It is found that the global model and the higher-resolution regional model reach their predictability limit in forecasting the atmospheric state during ARs at similar lead times, and both present similar and important errors in low-level water vapor flux, moist-static stability, and precipitation. However, the relative contribution of forcing and response to the incurred precipitation error is very different in the two models. It can be demonstrated using the analysis presented herein that improving water vapor transport accuracy can significantly reduce regional model precipitation errors during ARs, while the same cannot be demonstrated for the global model.
    Print ISSN: 1525-755X
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-7541
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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