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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 2 (1969), S. 236-247 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nutrient distribution of the Cochin Backwater was studied at 6 stations throughout the year. The depth profiles of phosphorus (inorganic and organic), nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) and silicon, showed a marked seasonal rhythm, induced by the local precipitation and land runoff. Changes in other environmental features such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and alkalinity were small during the premonsoon period when the system remains marine-dominated, and large during the monsoon period when the estuary becomes freshwater-dominated. Seasonal changes in the hydrographical conditions of the adjoining coastal waters of the Arabian Sea which influence the backwater system have been discussed.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using solar energy as a source of illumination, photosynthesis in 11 species of marine plankton algae was studied as a function of light intensity. From the photosynthesis-light curve for each organism, the saturation points (I k ) in different organisms were determined. Among the diatoms and flagellates, the highest I k (saturation point) values were found in Rhizosolenia styliformis and Dinophysis miles respectively. When the organisms were exposed to a portion of the visible spectrum starting from 700 mμ, the photosynthesis was found to be related to the radiant energy. The missing portions of the spectrum produced no significant change in the rate of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic response shown by the different organisms was strikingly similar, which signifies that, despite the qualitative dissimilarities which the organisms may possess in their pigment composition, they are capable of much chromatic adaptation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 15 (1972), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Organic detritus of the Cochin Backwater (India) is largely composed of fine silt and sand particles around which organic matter adheres and forms aggregates. In addition to plankton, large quantities of benthic algae, rooted plants, animal matter, suspended soft mud and the material brought down by the rivers and land runoff constitute the main sources of detritus. Detritus sedimentation in the estuary attains its maximum from April to June. Detritus forms a major portion of seston, while phytoplankton productivity constitutes 0.1 to 1.0% of settled detritus. Detrital pigments include degraded chlorophyll (phaeophytin), which has a marked seasonal variation; detrital carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen show little change during the year. The caloric value of detritus, calculated from protein, carbohydrate and lipid fractions and also from total carbon, indicates that sedimented detritus does not have a high nutritional value. However, being a readily available material, its entry into the food chain seems to increase the efficiency of energy transfer from one trophic level to another.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 52 (1979), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of copper bioaccumulation in the rock oyster Crassostrea cucullata Born showed that the initial rate of uptake was directly related to metal concentration in the medium. As the accumulation in the tissues increased, the oysters remained closed and the uptake rate fell. At the end of 7 weeks, the average copper concentrations in the tissue were 60.42 μg g-1 and 63.97 μg g-1 wet weight in the 0.01 and 0.05 ppm experimental groups, respectively. The net rate of uptake ranged from 1.76 to 1.97 μg g-1 week-1 and the rate of copper loss, measured after transferring the oysters into natural sea water, was dependent on the original cooper concentration in the soft parts. The concentration of copper in the tissues declined by 37.38 and 36.56% in the 0.01 and 0.05 ppm experimental groups, respectively. Even after a 7 week period of depuration (self-purification) there was some residual copper left in the tissue. This indicates that accumulation occurs in the tissue more rapidly than cleansing can eliminate it.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several species of phytoplankton were grown in unialgal, but not bacteria-free, cultures. These clones when exposed to varying salinities, from 5 to 35‰, showed a marked increase in their rates of photosynthesis at low salinities. The optimum requirement of salinity, however, varied in different species. Observations on the relative abundance of phytoplankton in an estuary, where the salinity changes were fairly large, confirmed that, within limits, waters with low salinities support a greater abundance of phytoplankton in nature. The wide adaptability of phytoplankton to changes in salinity corresponds to the conditions brought about by the monsoon system along the southwest coast of India, where large dilutions are associated with the enrichment of water with nutrients.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 21 (1973), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth rates of nutrient-depleted cells of Biddulphia sinensis Greville and Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Claparède et Lachmann as a function of phosphate and nitrate, follow the hyperbolic expression of the Michaelis-Menten equation. variations in the half-saturation constants (K s) for both species in each nutrient gave an index of their capacity to utilize these two nutrients when available either singly or in combination. The maximum growth rates (μmax) of the two species did not follow the trends shown by K s. Seasonal abundance of the two species in the Cochin Backwater (an Indian tropical estuary) showed that, at low concentrations of nutrients, C. furca becomes predominant; high nutrient concentrations present in the estuary during the monsoon months tend to increase the abundance of B. sinensis. The differences in the K s values of the two organisms seem to reflect their observed seasonal abundance in the estuary.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 175 (1955), S. 217-218 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It seemed desirable to investigate the nutritional value of phytoplankton cultures, which if suitable would give an easy solution to the problem of providing food. Green plant remains have frequently been observed in the stomachs of larval fishes freshly caught from the plankton2. Though it has ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 175 (1955), S. 941-942 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The animals listed in Table 1 proved to be clearly sensitive. When the pressure was increased, they generally became more active and swam upwards ; when it was decreased, they became less active, or completely inactive, and allowed themselves to sink. This behaviour can be termed high ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 764-765 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Heparin, the well-known anticoagulant, is a poly-sulphuric acid ester of a polysaccharide3. It has the remarkable property of preserving the fluidity of blood both in vitro and in vivo*; and for this reason in recent years there has been increasing recognition of its value in medicine and surgery5. ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 396-397 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The accessory respiratory organs are supposed to have developed in response to exceptional environmental conditions which made aquatic respiration inefficient4. They may be simple secondary pharyn-geal folds as in Ophicephalus, or sets of complicated and highly evolved opercular branchial chambers ...
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