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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dietary lipid composition on cardiac pathology in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The present study investigated the short-term (5 months) effect of replacing dietary marine oils with vegetable oils on the development of arteriosclerotic changes in the heart of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. The experiment was performed as a randomized observer-blinded and controlled trial. Farmed Atlantic salmon were randomly sampled from a study population containing 900 individuals. The salmon were divided into three groups and given diets with either 100% fish oil (Diet 1), a 50/50% mixture of fish oil and rapeseed oil (Diet 2) or 100% rapeseed oil (Diet 3). Ten sexually immature salmon from each dietary group were sampled in March and August 2002. Additionally, 47 sexually mature wild salmon were randomly collected in mid-September 2001. Serial histological sections were taken from the bulbus arteriosus and ventricle wall for histopathological evaluation of the coronary arteries and myocardium. No significant differences in mean coronary changes recorded by the main variable ‘mean range lesion’ (MRL) were detected between the groups in March or August. MRL increased significantly between March and August with Diet 2 (P 〈 0.01), was nearly significant with Diet 3 (P = 0.06) and was unchanged with Diet 1. This pattern coincided with the Diet 2 group having the highest increase in heart weight. MHC class II immunoreactive cells in the coronary changes were detected in sections from one individual in each group. Heart weight was the most dominant variable in the data set and explained linearly 15.5% of the variation in MRL. Body weight, fish length and heart weight were all significantly, positively and linearly correlated to MRL. The Diet 2 group had the highest growth rate and also exhibited a significant increase in MRL. The possible influence of diet composition on weight gain and MRL needs to be further elucidated. Increase in heart weight seems to be the dominating predictor of the appearance of MRL in Atlantic salmon. However, the present results cannot exclude the possibility that differences in fatty acid composition of fish feed can influence the development of arteriosclerotic changes in Atlantic salmon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00671.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma protein changes in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with infectious salmon anaemia (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Moderate to severe anaemia and hypoproteinaemia were reported in a Canadian outbreak of ‘haemorrhagic kidney syndrome’ in Atlantic salmon, later shown to be caused by a variant of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). The progressive anaemia associated with ISA has been previously reported, but hypoproteinaemia in salmon infected with European isolates of ISA virus has not been well documented. The present study showed a very significant positive correlation between decreasing haematocrit values and total plasma protein concentrations in Atlantic salmon infected with two Canadian and two Norwegian ISA viral isolates. However, variations in the concentration of individual plasma proteins, typical of acute phase responses in higher vertebrates, were not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00301.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field testing of adjuvanted furunculosis vaccines in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Two different commercial vaccines against furunculosis, caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, were tested in Atlantic salmon on seven fish farms. Both vaccines were based on formalin-inaclivated bacterins containing aluminium salts as adjuvants. The fish were vaccinated by intraperitoneal injection in the spring approximately one month prior to transfer to sea water, and they were challenged by natural outbreaks of furunculosis. During the first year, six of the farms experienced disease outbreaks. The overall mortality was 7·14% in vaccinated fish and 21·7% in unvaccinated controls, giving a relative percentage survival (RPS) of 67%. In the seventh farm, outbreaks of furunculosis more than one year after vaccination revealed that there was still a trend towards lower mortality in vaccinated fish, though the mean RPS fell to 22%. The use of adjuvants in the vaccines resulted in local lesions in the abdominal cavity of vaccinated fish. However, the severity of the lesions declined gradually, and they did not influence fish quality at the time of slaughtering. Vaccination also had a moderately adverse impact on fish weight gain in most cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1992.tb00680.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pseudomonas fluorescens, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and environmental stress as potential factors in the development of vaccine related adhesions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The possible influences of contaminant bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and environmental stress on the development of vaccine-related peritoneal adhesions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., pre-smolts were investigated. Groups of 50 fish (≈ 30 g) vaccinated with a commercial, triple valent, metabolizable oil-adjuvanted vaccine were pre-injected with IPNV, co-injected with Pseudomonas fluorescens or subjected to routine stress both solely and in combination. Fish from each group were sampled monthly over 3 months. Vaccine side-effects were scored macroscopically and examined histologically. Fibrous adhesions were apparent in all groups from the first sampling date. Treatments including co-injection of P. fluorescens and additional environmental stress were found to confer significantly higher degrees of adhesion than vaccine alone. The findings are discussed in relation to vaccination procedures. Persistent or covert IPNV infection could not be confirmed in subsequent samplings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1998.00113.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaccine-associated granulomatous inflammation and melanin accumulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., white muscle (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of variably sized pigmented foci encountered in fillets of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The material was sampled on the fillet production line and on salmon farms from fish with an average size of 3 kg from various producers. The fish had been routinely vaccinated by injection. Gross pathology, histology, immunohistochemistry using antisera against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II β chain and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the changes. Macroscopically, melanized foci were seen penetrating from the peritoneum deep into the abdominal wall, sometimes right through to the skin, and also embedded in the caudal musculature. Histological investigation revealed muscle degeneration and necrosis, fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation containing varying numbers of melano-macrophages. Vacuoles, either empty or containing heterogeneous material, were frequently seen. The presence of abundant MHC class II+ cells indicated an active inflammatory condition. TEM showed large extracellular vacuoles and leucocytes containing homogeneous material of lipid-like appearance. The results showed that the melanized foci in Atlantic salmon fillet resulted from an inflammatory condition probably induced by vaccination. The described condition is not known in wild salmon and in farmed salmon where injection vaccination is not applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00583.x
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