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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexistence: Symbiotic sharing of feeding territories and algal food by some coral reef fishes from the Western Indian Ocean (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 62 (1981), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A symbiotic relationship between a damselfish (Stegastes fasciolatus) and 2 surgeonfishes (Acanthurus lineatus and A. leucosternon) is described. The damselfish, which is about 1/10 the size of the surgeonfishes, is concentrated in, and appears to prefer to be in, the feeding areas of the surgeonfishes. There is an average of one adult damselfish per adult surgeonfish feeding area. All 3 species defend their feeding areas against conspecifics and various other fishes that have similar diets, but there are few aggressive interactions between the cohabitants. Most of the interspecific defense of cohabited areas is provided by the surgeonfishes. The cohabitant species eat the same types of benthic microalgae, but only the damselfish eats microcrustaceans. It appears that the net cost to a surgeonfish of having a damselfish in its feeding area is very low because (1) biomass density of the damselfish is low, (2) it uses some food that the surgeonfishes do not use, and (3) it makes a small contribution to the defense of shared feeding areas. Even if there is a cost to the surgeonfish, the small size of the damselfish would allow it to take shelter from the surgeonfish, thus making it too costly for the surgeonfish to exclude it. Such cohabitation relationships, which may be quite common among reef fishes, represent a means by which the coexistence of species that use the same limiting resources is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388182
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasts in algal food processing among five herbivorous coral-reef fishes (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: There were significant differences among five sympatric herbivorous reef fish species in their ranking of seven food-processing characters. Between them Zebrasoma scopas and Stegastes nigricans had the lowest bite rates, longest filling times, lowest defaecation activities and slowest gut turnover. Acanthurus nigrofuscus and Scarus sordidus were similar in having the fastest filling times, and high bite rates, gut-contents masses, gut turnover and defaecation activities. Ctenochaetus striatus was intermediate between those species pairs in five out of seven characters. Rich algal diets of S. nigricans and Z. scopas were contrasted with the carbonate intake of S. sordidus. The food-processing pattern of C. striatus was related to the siliceous content of a diatom diet. Food-processing characteristics of A. nigrofuscus were attributed to a diet which is readily absorbed and/or is of high nutritional quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01914.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biased underwater visual census biomass estimates for target-species in tropical reef fisheries (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Visual census biomass estimates are compared with yields of three emperor (Lethrinidae) genera from shallow water fished reef habitats and we demonstrate that visual census can consistently underestimate the exploitable biomass of Lethrinus spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01938.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative size and composition of yield from six Fijian reef fisheries (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The size and composition of finfish yield from six Fijian reef fisheries was determined using catch records from a voluntary logbook scheme. A total of 172 logbooks were issued for 30-day periods in October 1992 and February and June 1993 and they provided information on 1369 fishing trips. Catch records were weighted, using the results of contemporaneous fishing activity and fleet size surveys, to provide yield estimates for each fishing ground (qoliqoli). Yield from all qoliqoli was dominated by Serranidae and Lethrinidae which were favoured for consumption and sale. Yields were expressed on the basis of reef area for fish from different trophic groups. Macroinvertebrate-feeders and piscivores accounted for more than half the yield in all qoliqoli and there were significant differences in area specific yield between qoliqoli. There was no evidence of fishers adopting more powerful fishing techniques or catching fish from lower trophic levels in order to maintain yield from any qoliqoli. This suggested that the fisheries examined were all capable of sustaining the reported yields of up to 3.4 tonne km−2qoliqoli year −1 or 10.2 tonne km−2 coral reef year −1 and that in sites where yields were less they might be increased sustainably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05945.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low efficiency of dietary carbon and nitrogen conversion to growth in an herbivorous coral-reef fish in the wild (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Annual ingestion and body growth have been estimated for average-sized adult (mean s.l. 62.7 mm) jewel damselfish. Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy et Gaimard), on a shallow fringing reef of southern Papua New Guinea. Mean ingestion (calculated from daily algal-food consumption in winter, the relationship between water temperature and feeding activity, and C, N and P contents of algal food) was 304.3gC year, 20.4gN year−1 and 3.5gP year−1 for this herbivorous fish. Mean body-growth rates for the fish were 5.7 mm year−1, from SEM analysis of sagittal-otolith microstructure, and 6.2 mm year−1 from a mark-release-recapture study in the wild. Based on C and N analyses of whole fish and the dry-weight/s.L. relationship, the gross growth efficiency of these fish was 0.2% for C and 0.5% for N. These very low efficiencies indicate that although P. lacrymatus ingests and absorbs a high proportion of algal production in its territory, only a small part of the assimilation goes into body growth and is thus potentially available to piscivorous fish higher in the food-chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03038.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detecting predator–prey relationships in the sea (2003)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Understanding the strength and diversity of predator-prey interactions among species is essential to understand ecosystem consequences of population-level variation. Directly quantifying the predatory behaviour of wild fishes at large spatial scales (〉100 m) in the open sea is fraught with difficulties. To date the only empirical approach has been to search for correlations in the abundance of predators and their putative prey. As an example we use this approach to search for predators of the keystone crown-of-thorns starfish. We show that this approach is unlikely to detect predator–prey linkages because the theoretical relationship is non-linear, resulting in multiple possible prey responses for single given predator abundance. Instead we suggest some indication of the strength and ecosystem importance of a predator–prey relationship can be gained by using the abundance of both predators and their putative prey to parameterize functional response models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.0216j.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REGULAR PAPERS Unusual stable isotope fractionation patterns observed for fish host—parasite trophic relationships (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Trophic relationships between four taxa of fish parasite (Cestoda, Nematoda, Isopoda, Copepoda) and their hosts (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Merlangius merlangus, Boops boops, Platichthys flesus) were investigated using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. δ15N differences between parasite and host were unlike those conventionally observed among consumers and their diets. In no case were parasites enriched in 15N with respect to the host organism; endoparasites were significantly and consistently depleted. In no case were parasites enriched in 15N with respect to the host organism; endoparasites were significantly and consistently depleted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02355.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of articles deposited at VINITI (1977)
    Springer
    Russian physics journal 20 (1977), S. 1634-1639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00897440
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hol Chan: Demonstrating that marine reserves can be remarkably effective (1994)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 13 (1994), S. 90-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300766
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Varying responses of herbivorous and invertebrate-feeding fishes to macroalgal reduction on a coral reef (1999)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 18 (1999), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Algae ; Carnivory ; Coral reef fishes Herbivory ; Restoration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The consequences of macroalgal overgrowth on reef fishes and means to reverse this condition have been little explored. An experimental reduction of macroalgae was conducted at a site in the Watamu Marine National Park in Kenya, where a documented increase in macroalgal cover has occurred over the last nine years. In four experimental 10 m by 10 m plots, macroalgae were greatly reduced (fleshy algal cover reduced by 84%) by scrubbing and shearing, while four similar plots acted as controls. The numerical abundance in all fish groups except wrasses and macroalgal-feeding parrotfishes (species in the genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus) increased in experimental algal reduction plots. Algal (Sargassum) and seagrass (Thalassia) assays, susceptible to scraping and excavating parrotfishes, were bitten more frequently in the algal reduction plots one month after the manipulation. Further, surgeonfish (Acanthurus leucosternon and A. nigrofuscus) foraging intensity increased in these algal reduction plots. The abundance of triggerfishes increased significantly in experimental plots relative to control plots, but densities remained low, and an index of sea urchin predation using tethered juvenile and adult Echinometra mathaei showed no differences between treatments following macroalgal reduction. Dominance of reefs by macrofleshy algae appears to reduce the abundance of fishes, mostly herbivores and their rates of herbivory, but also other groups such as predators of invertebrates (triggerfishes, butterflyfishes and angelfishes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050181
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