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Izu-Mariana margin : covering Leg 185 of the cruises of the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China, to Yokohama, Japan, Sites 801 and 1149, 12 April - 14 June 1999 (2006)

Ludden, John N. [Hrsg.] ; Plank, Terry [Hrsg.] ; Escutia, Carlota [Hrsg.]

College Station, Tex. : Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M Univ.

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Call number: 13/ZSP-607(185)

In: Proceedings of the ocean drilling program [Elektronische Ressource]

Type of Medium: Series available for loan

Pages: 1 CD-ROM , 1 Booklet (xvii, 35, 18 S.)

Series Statement: Proceedings of the ocean drilling program [Elektronische Ressource] : Scientific results 185

URL: http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/185_SR/185TOC.HTM

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Branch Library: GFZ Library

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Volcanic activity and gas emissions along the South Sandwich Arc (2021)

Liu, Emma J ; Wood, Kieran ; Aiuppa, Alessandro ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2021-01-12

Description: The South Sandwich Volcanic Arc is one of the most remote and enigmatic arcs on Earth. Sporadic observations from rare cloudfree satellite images—and even rarer in situ reports—provide glimpses into a dynamic arc system characterised by persistent gas emissions and frequent eruptive activity. Our understanding of the state of volcanic activity along this arc is incomplete compared to arcs globally. To fill this gap, we present here detailed geological and volcanological observations made during an expedition to the South Sandwich Islands in January 2020.We report the first in situ measurements of gas chemistry, emission rate and carbon isotope composition from along the arc. We show that Mt. Michael on Saunders Island is a persistent source of gas emissions, releasing 145±59 t day−1 SO2 in a plume characterised by a CO2/SO2 molar ratio of 1.8 ± 0.2. Combining this CO2/SO2 ratio with our independent SO2 emission rate measured near simultaneously, we derive a CO2 flux of 179 ± 76 t day−1. Outgassing from low temperature (90–100 °C) fumaroles is pervasive at the active centres of Candlemas and Bellingshausen, with measured gas compositions indicative of interaction between magmatic fluids and hydrothermal systems. Carbon isotope measurements of dilute plume and fumarole gases from along the arc indicate a magmatic δ13C of − 4.5 ± 2.0‰. Interpreted most simply, this result suggests a carbon source dominated by mantle-derived carbon. However, based on a carbon mass balance from sediment core ODP 701, we show that mixing between depleted upper mantle and a subduction component composed of sediment and altered crust is also permissible.We conclude that, although remote, the South Sandwich Volcanic Arc is an ideal tectonic setting in which to explore geochemical processes in a young, developing arc.

Description: This expedition was funded by public donations raised by Quark Expeditions Ltd., by the Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) and by individual contributions. This work was carried out under RAP 2019/025 issued by GSGSSI. EJL was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship. A.A. and M.B. acknowledge funding from Miur (Grant N. 2017LMNLAW). K.W. acknowledges support from the Mount Everest Foundation (20-06)

Description: Published

Description: id 3

Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi

Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio

Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza

Description: JCR Journal

Keywords: South Sandwich Volcanic Arc ; Volcanic gas emissions ; Volcanic activity ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Type: article

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Along-arc, inter-arc and arc-to-arc variations in volcanic gas CO 2 /S T ratios reveal dual source of carbon in arc volcanism (2018)

Aiuppa, Alessandro ; Fischer, Tobias P. ; Plank, Terry ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2020-12-18

Description: Some 300–600 Tg of volatiles are globally vented each year by arc volcanism. Such arc gas emissions have contributed to past and present-day evolution of the Earth atmosphere and climate by recycling mineral-bound volatiles subducted along active slabs. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and total sulphur (ST) are, after water, the major components of volcanic arc gases. Understanding their relative abundances (e.g., the CO2/ST ratio) in arc volcanic gases is important to constrain origin and recycling efficiency of these volatiles along the subduction factory, and to better constrain the global arc volcanic CO2 flux.Here,we review currently available information on global variations of volcanic arc CO2/ST gas ratios. Weanalyse a dataset of N2000 published volcanic arc gasmeasurements that comprise (i) low-temperature hydrothermal gas emissions, in which ST is dominated by hydrothermal hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and (ii) high temperature “magmatic” gases rich in sulphur dioxide (SO2). We show that the global CO2/ST population of hydrothermal gases is mainly controlled by S loss to hydrothermal fluids/ rocks.Wethen select a subset of high-temperature (≥450 °C) arc gaseswhich, being less affected by S hydrothermal loss, can be used to infer the “deep” source of volatiles. Using a subset of time-averaged high-T gas compositions for 56 arc volcanoes, we identify sizeable along-arc and inter-arc variations in the “magmatic” arc gas CO2/ST ratio, which we ascribe to distinct volatile origins in the magma generation/storage zone. In the attempt to resolve the slab vs. crustal contributions to arc gas budgets, we explore the global association between volcanic gas CO2/ST ratios and non-volatile (trace elements) tracers in arc magmas. For the first time in a global study,we find evidence for higher carbon output (CO2/ST) in arcswhere carbonate sediment subducts on the seafloor. Indeed,most arc volcanoes exhibit gas vs. trace element relationships that are explained by addition of slabsediment melts±fluids to themantlewedge.We also identify a subset of CO2-rich arc volcanoeswith unusually high CO2/ST ratios (Etna, Stromboli, Vulcano Island, Popocatépetl, Soufriere of St Vincent, Bromo and Merapi), which we interpret as the product of magma-limestone interactions in the upper crust. Evidence for this process comes from carbonate xenoliths and/or carbonate basement that characterise these volcanic systems. Although the mean global CO2/ST ratio of arc gas (~2.5) reflects a predominant source from subducted sediment, limestone-assimilation-derived C may account for a substantial (~19–32%) fraction of the present-day global arc budget, and may have contributed to elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and warmer climate in Earth's past. Our global CO2/ST vs. trace element association paves the way to identifying the gas signature of volcanoes (or arc segments) for which gas information is currently missing, and so improve our current global volcanic arc CO2 flux inventory.

Description: Published

Description: 24-47

Description: 3V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici

Description: JCR Journal

Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Type: article

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Tracking along-arc sediment inputs to the Aleutian arc using thallium isotopes (2016)

Nielsen, Sune G. ; Yogodzinski, Gene ; Prytulak, Julie ; [et al.]

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 181 (2016): 217-237, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.010.

Description: Sediment transport from the subducted slab to the mantle wedge is an important process in understanding the chemical and physical conditions of arc magma generation. The Aleutian arc offers an excellent opportunity to study sediment transport processes because the subducted sediment flux varies systematically along strike (Kelemen et al., 2003) and many lavas exhibit unambiguous signatures of sediment addition to the sub-arc mantle (Morris et al., 1990). However, the exact sediment contribution to Aleutian lavas and how these sediments are transported from the slab to the surface are still debated. Thallium (Tl) isotope ratios have great potential to distinguish sediment fluxes in subduction zones because pelagic sediments and low temperature altered oceanic crust are highly enriched in Tl and display heavy and light Tl isotope compositions, respectively, compared with the upper mantle and continental crust. Here, we investigate the Tl isotope composition of lavas covering almost the entire Aleutian arc a well as sediments outboard of both the eastern (DSDP Sites 178 and 183) and central (ODP Hole 886C) portions of the arc. Sediment Tl isotope compositions change systematically from lighter in the Eastern to heavier in the Central Aleutians reflecting a larger proportion of pelagic sediments when distal from the North American continent. Lavas in the Eastern and Central Aleutians mirror this systematic change to heavier Tl isotope compositions to the west, which shows that the subducted sediment composition is directly translated to the arc east of Kanaga Island. Moreover, quantitative mixing models of Tl and Pb, Sr and Nd isotopes reveal that bulk sediment transfer of ~0.6-1.0% by weight in the Eastern Aleutians and ~0.2-0.6% by weight in the Central Aleutians can account for all four isotope systems. Bulk mixing models, however, require that fractionation of trace element ratios like Ce/Pb, Cs/Tl, and Sr/Nd in the Central and Eastern Aleutians occurs after the sediment component was mixed with the mantle wedge. Models of Sr and Nd isotopes that involve sediment melting require either high degrees of sediment melting (〉50%), in which case trace element ratios like Ce/Pb, Cs/Tl, and Sr/Nd of Aleutian lavas need to be produced after mixing with the mantle, or significant fluid additions from the underlying oceanic crust with Sr and Nd isotope compositions indistinguishable from the mantle wedge as well as high Sr/Nd ratios similar to that of low (〈20%) degree sediment melts. Thallium isotope data from Western Aleutian lavas exhibit compositions slightly lighter than the upper mantle, which implies a negligible sediment flux at this location and probably involvement of low-temperature altered oceanic crust in the generation of these lavas. In general, the lightest Tl isotope compositions are observed for the highest Sr/Y ratios and most unradiogenic Sr and Pb isotope compositions, which is broadly consistent with derivation of these lavas via melting of eclogitized altered oceanic crust.

Description: This study was funded by NSF grants EAR-1119373 and -1427310 to SGN and EAR-1456814 to TP

Description: 2017-03-07

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Preprint

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Recent volcanic accretion at 9°N–10°N East Pacific Rise as resolved by combined geochemical and geological observations (2013)

Waters, Christopher L. ; Sims, Kenneth W. W. ; Soule, Samuel A. ; [et al.]

John Wiley & Sons

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14 (2013): 2547–2574, doi:10.1002/ggge.20134.

Description: The ridge crest at 9°N–10°N East Pacific Rise (EPR) is dominated by overlapping lava flows that have overflowed the axial summit trough and flowed off-axis, forming a shingle-patterned terrain up to ∼2–4 km on either side of the axial summit trough. In this study, we employ 230Th-226Ra dating methods, in conjunction with geochemistry and seafloor geological observations, in an effort to discern the stratigraphic relationships between adjacent flows. We measured major and trace elements and 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, and 238U-230Th-226Ra for lava glass samples collected from several flow units up to ∼2 km away from the axial summit trough on the ridge crest at 9°50′N EPR. Statistical analysis of the 238U-230Th-226Ra data indicates that all but one measured sample from these flows cannot be resolved from the zero-age population; thus, we cannot confidently assign model ages to samples for discerning stratigraphic relationships among flows. However, because groups of samples can be distinguished based on similarities in geochemical compositions, particularly incompatible element abundances with high precision-normalized variability such as U and Th, and because the range of compositions is much greater than that represented by samples from the 1991–1992 and 2005–2006 eruptions, we suggest that the dive samples represent 6–10 eruptive units despite indistinguishable model ages. Geochemical variability between individual flows with similar ages requires relatively rapid changes in parental melt composition over the past ∼2 ka, and this likely reflects variations in the relative mixing proportions of depleted and enriched melts derived from a heterogeneous mantle source.

Description: This study was funded by NSF OCE-0623838 to K.W.W. Sims and S.A. Soule and NSF OCE-0527053 to K.W.W. Sims. J. Blichert-Toft acknowledges financial support from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant M&Ms – Mantle Melting – Measurements, Models, Mechanisms).

Description: 2014-02-01

Keywords: U-series ; Geochemistry ; Geochronology ; East Pacific Rise

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

Format: application/pdf

Format: application/msword

Format: application/vnd.ms-excel

Format: application/postscript

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