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  • 1
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    Foraging behaviour of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) on transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.var. oleifera) (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0962-8819
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-9368
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Real-time detection and analysis of the exploratory behavior of small animals (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-1042
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1904
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age dependency of worker bee response to queen pheromone in a four-armed olfactometer (1991)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 38 (1991), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Honey bee ; Apis mellifera ; queen pheromone ; age effect ; olfactory behavior ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Behavioral responses of differently aged worker beesApis mellifera to a queen pheromonal extract were analysed. The bees were tested individually in a four-armed olfactometer, one arm being scented with the pheromonal extract. This extract was prepared from heads of 14–17-day-old unmated queens. Among the components of the blend, 470 μg 9-keto-2-(E)-decenoic acid, 200 μg 9-hydroxy-2-(E)-decenoic acid and 5 μgp-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester per queen equivalent were dosed. An age dependency in the worker bees' olfactory response to the components of the queen extract was shown, the strongest response occurring below the age of 5 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314914
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effet d'une pré-exposition olfactive sur un comportement d'orientation en olfactomètre dynamique a quatre voies chez l'abeille (Apis mellifera L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 37 (1990), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of a controlled change of the olfactory environment set at early adult stages, was observed on a later orientation behavior in the honeybee. The behavior was observed in a multi-choice airflow olfactometer; this experimental device allowed to create four distinct fields, either odorant or not, where individual insects could freely move. Workerbees of 12 days old were tested in a choice situation between one odorant field (geraniol) and three control fields; tested bees were previously exposed to the odorant during periods lasting from 1 to 8 days from emergence. The responses, quantified as the mean percentage of time spent in each field, showed a significant increase of attraction towards geraniol after an 8 days exposure only. The occurence of a sensitive period along the development of the olfactory system is discussed.
    Notes: Resume L'effet d'une modification contrôlée de l'environnement olfactif, appliquée à des périodes précoces du stade adulte, sur un comportement d'orientation ultérieur, a été étudié chez l'abeille. Le comportement est observé dans un olfactomètre dynamique à choix multiple; ce dispositif expérimental permet de créer quatre champs distincts, odorants ou non, dans lesquels les individus se déplacent librement. Des abeilles ouvrières âgées de douze jours sont soumises à un choix entre un champ odorant (géraniol) et trois champs inodores; ces abeilles ont été préalablement soumises à une exposition à l'odeur durant des périodes échelonnées de un à huit jours à partir de l'émergence. Les réponses, quantifiées en terme de pourcentage moyen de temps passé par champ, indiquent qu'une exposition au géraniol durant huit jours consécutifs a partir de l'émergence est nécessaire pour induire une augmentation d'attraction significative vis-à-vis de cette odeur. L'existence d'une période sensible au cours du développement du système olfactif est discutée.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224030
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nectar secretion in winter oilseed rape, Brassica napus— quantitative and qualitative variability among 71 genotypes (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 118 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The genotypic variability in nectar secretion among 71 genotypes of winter oilseed rapes was tested for floral nectar volume, sugar composition and concentration. Differences were found between seed quality genotypes: double low [99] oilseed rape varieties tended to secrete much more nectar than single low [0 +] and double high [++] varieties. Male-sterile lines (Ogura CMS) secreted one-half to one-third the amount of their isogenic male-fertile counterparts. Restored lines behaved as conventional rape varieties. On average, amounts of nectar were 2 μl/flower and ranged from 0.7 to 6 μl/flower. Among the genotypes under test, the male-sterile lines were not the least productive. The analysis of (Samourai) winter oilseed rape showed that total sugar concentrations in nectar were highest at the beginning of the flowering period (30g/100 ml) and lowest towards the end (10g/100 ml). At a given date, total sugar contents in nectar of [0 +] varieties were significantly higher than those of [++] varieties and were due to higher fructose contents. Differences between genotypes within the same type also occurred, depending on the day of sampling. Oilseed rape nectar was confirmed to be predominantly composed of hexose (glucose and fructose). From the results of these investigations, it is concluded that the opportunity exists to select oilseed rape genotypes, including male-sterile lines, that secrete sufficient amounts of nectar to attract honey-bees to ensure pollination of male-sterile lines for hybrid seed production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.1999.00421.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroantennogram responses related to olfactory conditioning in the honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 37 (1991), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Apis mellifera ; conditioning ; electroantennogram ; olfaction ; proboscis extension
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(91)90066-9
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the apetalous character in rape (Brassica napus) on the foraging behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In order to establish whether commercial hybrid seed production between apetalous and apetalous rapeseed lines could be developed through insect cross-pollination, observations were made to compare the foraging behaviour of honeybees on both flower types with regard to their attractiveness. Number of flowers/m2 and nectar volumes, considered as important attractive factors, did not differ between the two lines but nectar sugar composition was slightly different. Honeybee density was significantly higher on the apetalous line when their foraging activity was rather high. Honeybees showed a considerable constancy to each flower type. Passages between both types were not very frequent. Nectar foraging behaviour, observed under cages, differed with the floral morphology. On the apetalous flowers, honeybees visited the two inner nectaries by crawling over the anthers and the stigma, while on the apetalous ones they often inserted their tongues between the sepals, thus having less contact with the reproductive organs. From these results, the honeybee efficiency in cross-pollination between petalous and apetalous lines appears to be reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00962.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-time detection and analysis of the exploratory behavior of small animals (1992)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132282
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of oilseed rape volatiles by the honeybee: combined chemical and biological approaches (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 83 (1997), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: honeybees ; oilseed rape ; volatiles ; olfactory discrimination ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were individually subjected to a classical conditioning procedure in order to obtain an olfactory conditioned proboscis extension response. To relate the behavioural response directly to antennal detection abilities, a technique was developped for coupling proboscis extension responses and electroantennogram recordings, with the stimulation being provided by the effluent of a gas chromatograph (GC). Bees were conditioned with a six-component mixture being part of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) floral volatiles, and tested with the individual components separated by GC. Responses of the conditioned bees were compared to those of unconditioned bees. No behavioural response was obtained in the control group, neither to the individual components nor to the mixture. Conditioning induced behavioural responses for three components, and an increase of electroantennogram responses for all components. A second experiment was conducted with an air entrainment extract of oilseed rape flower volatiles. Behavioural responses of conditioned and unconditioned bees were recorded. Responses obtained from conditioned bees tested with the air entrainment extract showed six groups of behaviourally active GC peaks. Unconditioned bees showed the same pattern of responses but at a lower level. The coupled technique described here appears to be a reliable tool for locating active components in a synthetic as well as in a natural mixture of floral volatiles. The effects of conditioning on odour discrimination and on its sensory correlates are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002936725557
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfactory responses ofTrichogramma maidis Pint, et Voeg.: Effects of chemical cues and behavioral plasticity (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 701-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Trichogramma ; olfactory orientation ; host-plant volatiles ; interaction ; learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oriented responses of Trichogramma maidisPint, et Voeg. to airborne odors were observed in a four-armed olfactometer. Experiments were carried out with odors of host eggs, the sex pheromone of Ostrinia nubilalisHbn, and maize extract, offered singly or in combination, both to naive wasps and to wasps previously exposed to the tested odor during an oviposition experience. The exploratory behavior in the olfactometer was quantified by means of a computer program which performed a space-time analysis of the insect 's movements. Whereas the naive wasps did not respond to the odor of the eggs, the synthetic sex pheromone of O. nubilalis,or the maize extract presented singly, they did react to a mixture of these three volatile cues. Prior oviposition in the odor of maize extract or in the combination of odors induced an increased preference toward the conditioning scent. This phenomenon did not occur when the wasps were conditioned to egg odor or sex pheromone alone. These results suggest that females can learn to associate some olfactory cues with the presence of the host. Immediately following the presentation of the combination of odors, a strong attraction of experienced wasps occurred; it decreased as the experiment progressed and finally reached the level presented by naive insects. Adult conditioning to the combination of odors also resulted in reduced variability in the behavioral responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065787
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