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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 3 (1996), S. 505-509 
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Buried water molecules constitute a highly conserved, integral part of nearly all known protein structures. Such water molecules exchange with external solvent as a result of protein conformational fluctuations. We report here the results of water 17O and 2H magnetic relaxation dispersion ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Constructive approximation 7 (1991), S. 221-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0940
    Keywords: 41A15 ; 41A10 ; 41A05 ; Bernstein-Bézier form ; C 1 surface ; G 1 surface ; Curve mesh interpolation ; (i, j, k)-match ; Vertex enclosure constraint ; Compatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The interpolation of a mesh of curves by a smooth regularly parametrized surface with one polynomial piece per facet is studied. Not every mesh with a well-defined tangent plane at the mesh points has such an interpolant: the curvature of mesh curves emanating from mesh points with an even number of neighbors must satisfy an additional “vertex enclosure constraint.” The constraint is weaker than previous analyses in the literature suggest and thus leads to more efficient constructions. This is illustrated by an implemented algorithm for the local interpolation of a cubic curve mesh by a piecewise [bi]quarticC 1 surface. The scheme is based on an alternative sufficient constraint that forces the mesh curves to interpolate second-order data at the mesh points. Rational patches, singular parametrizations, and the splitting of patches are interpreted as techniques to enforce the vertex enclosure constraint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1992), S. 334-340 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In a limited screening 65 microorganisms were tested with regard to their ability to reduce keto acids or esters of different chain length and position of the keto group with NADH or NADPH as coenzymes. Twenty-seven organisms exhibited reductase activity. Among these, Candida parapsilosis and Rhodococcus erythropolis have been chosen for further investigation. The keto ester reductases of both C. parapsilosis and R. erythropolis prefer NADH as coenzyme and show higher activity towards keto esters than keto acids. The keto ester reductase production of C. parapsilosis during growth passed a maximum in the late exponential phase, decreased and reaches a plateau in the stationary phase. In contrast, the specific activity of the keto ester reductase of R. erythropolis did not decrease in the stationary growth phase. The enzyme of C. parapsilosis was inducible by a keto ester when growing on glycerol as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the enzyme of C. parapsilosis was subject to catabolite repression. When C. parapsilosis and R. erythropolis were cultivated on n-alcane the specific activity of their keto ester reductases was enhanced about seven- and eightfold, respectively, compared to growth on glucose. This leads to the assumption that, while growing on n-alcane, a degradation product is formed in both strains that induces the production of the keto ester reductase.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Advances in computational mathematics 6 (1996), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 1572-9044
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Given a family of planar, convex, cubic curve segments with fixed end points and tangents, subregions of the plane are characterized in which additional points can be interpolated by at least one member of the family. The region for a second additional point is a remarkably thin double crescent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 495-500 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen der Kohlenstoffpermeation durch Oxidschichten auf gebräuchlichen Hochtemperaturlegierungen und auf Modellegierungen mit radioaktiven TracernGebräuchliche Hochtemperaturlegierungen und Modellegierungen, die Chromoxid- oder Aluminiumoxid-Schichten bilden, wurden bei 900 oder 1000 °C in H2-H2O bei niedrigem Sauerstoffdruck voroxidiert. Die Oxidschichten wurden mit verschiedenen Methoden charakterisiert.Die Kohlenstoffpermeation durch die Oxidschichten wurden untersucht, indem die voroxidierten Proben langzeitig einer mit radioaktivem Kohlenstoff indizierten CO-CO2-H-2-H2O-Atmosphäre ausgesetzt wurden. Der aufgenommene Kohlenstoff wurde nachgewiesen durch die Radioaktivitätsmessung bei schrittweiser Abtragung durch Läppen. Durch die Cr2O3-Schichten erfolgt eine langsame Kohlenstoffaufnahme - die radioaktive Methode erlaubt es, die Unterschiede der schützenden Wirkung von Oxidschichten auf den verschiedenen Legierungen zu bestimmen.Die Al2O3-Schicht auf Fe-6% Al wirkt nicht schützend, aber bei der Legierung Fe-6% Al-0,5%Ti konnte überhaupt keine Kohlenstoffaufnahme festgestellt werden. Autoradiographie, AES und Röntgen-strukturanalyse zeigten, daß unterhalb der äußeren Al2O3-Schicht Ti(O,C) vorliegt. Dieses Oxicarbid verbessert die Keimbildung und Adhäsion des Al2O3 und verhindert das Eindringen von Kohlenstoff.Die Ergebnisse wurden noch durch gravimetrische Experimente bestätigt. Die gleichen voroxidierten Legierungen wurden einer stark aufkohlenden CO-CO2-H2-H-2O Atmosphäre bei hoher Kohlenstoffaktivität (aC = 1,02) ausgesetzt - die Aufkohlung und Graphitabscheidung war gehemmt oder verhindert bei Bildung dichter und gut haftender Oxidschichten.
    Notes: Chromia- and alumina-forming commercial high temperature alloys and model alloys were preoxidized at 900 or 1000 °C in H2-H2O at a low oxygen potential. The oxide layers were characterized by different methods.The carbon permeation through the oxide layers was studied by exposing the preoxidized specimens to an atmosphere CO-CO2-H2-H2O, tagged with radiocarbon, for long time. The carbon was detected by stepwise polishing and measuring the radioactivity. A slow carbon ingress occurs through chromia layers, differences in the protection by the oxide scale could be tested by the radiotracer method for the different alloys.The alumina layer on Fe-6 Al is not protective, but no carbon ingress could be detected for an alloy Fe-6Al-0.5Ti. Autoradiography, AES and X-ray structure analysis showed the presence of Ti(O,C) beneath the outer Al2O3-layer. The oxicarbide improves the nucleation and adherence of the Al2O3 and prohibits the carbon penetration.The results were confirmed by gravimetric experiments, after preoxidation samples were exposed to CO-CO2-H2-H2O at high carbon activity (ac = 1.02), carburization and graphite deposition were retarded or prohibited by dense and well adherent oxide layers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Steroidogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Rat, transgenic (mRen2) 27
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic rats for the murine Ren-2 gene display high blood pressure, low circulating levels of angiotensin II, and high renin content in the adrenal glands. Moreover, transgenic rats possess and increased aldosterone secretion (maximal from 6 to 18 weeks of age), paralleling the development of hypertension. To investigate further the cytophysiology of the adrenal glands of this strain of rats, we performed a combined morphometric and functional study of the zona glomerulosa of 10-week-old female transgenic rats. Morphometry did not reveal notable differences between zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic and age- and sex-matched Sprague-Dawley rats, with the exception of a marked accumulation of lipid droplets, in which cholesterol and cholesterol esters are stored. The volume of the lipid-droplet compartment underwent a significant decrease when transgenic rats were previously injected with angiotensin II or ACTH. Dispersed zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic rats showed a significantly higher basal aldosterone secretion, but their response to angiotensin II and ACTH was similar to that of Sprague-Dawley animals. Angiotensin II-receptor number and affinity were not dissimilar in zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic and Sprague-Dawley rats. These data suggest that the sustained stimulation of the adrenal renin-angiotensin system in transgenic animals causes an increase in the accumulation in zona glomerulosa cells of cholesterol available for steroidogenesis, as indicated by the expanded volume of the lipid-droplet compartment and the elevated basal steroidogenesis. However, the basal hyperfunction of the zona glomerulosa in transgenic animals does not appear to be coupled with an enhanced responsivity to its main secretagogues, at least in terms of aldosterone secretion.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Adrenal cortex ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Steroidogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Rat ; transgenic (mRen2) 27
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Transgenic rats for the murine Ren-2 gene display high blood pressure, low circulating levels of angiotensin II, and high renin content in the adrenal glands. Moreover, transgenic rats possess an increased aldosterone secretion (maximal from 6 to 18 weeks of age), paralleling the development of hypertension. To investigate further the cytophysiology of the adrenal glands of this strain of rats, we performed a combined morphometric and functional study of the zona glomerulosa of 10-week-old female transgenic rats. Morphometry did not reveal notable differences between zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic and age- and sex-matched Sprague-Dawley rats, with the exception of a marked accumulation of lipid droplets, in which cholesterol and cholesterol esters are stored. The volume of the lipid-droplet compartment underwent a significant decrease when transgenic rats were previously injected with angiotensin II or ACTH. Dispersed zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic rats showed a significantly higher basal aldosterone secretion, but their response to angiotensin II and ACTH was similar to that of Sprague-Dawley animals. Angiotensin II-receptor number and affinity were not dissimilar in zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic and Sprague-Dawley rats. These data suggest that the sustained stimulation of the adrenal renin-angiotensin system in transgenic animals causes an increase in the accumulation in zona glomerulosa cells of cholesterol available for steroidogenesis, as indicated by the expanded volume of the lipid-droplet compartment and the elevated basal steroidogenesis. However, the basal hyperfunction of the zona glomerulosa in transgenic animals does not appear to be coupled with an enhanced responsivity to its main secretagogues, at least in terms of aldosterone secretion.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-08-04
    Description: Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-deficient mice were generated by gene targeting. These animals had a normal prenatal development. During the first week of life, MR-deficient (−/−) mice developed symptoms of pseudohypoaldosteronism. They finally lost weight and eventually died at around day 10 after birth from dehydration by renal sodium and water loss. At day 8, −/− mice showed hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and a strong increase in renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone plasma concentrations. Methods were established to measure renal clearance and colonic transepithelial Na+ reabsorption in 8-day-old mice in vivo. The fractional renal Na+ excretion was elevated 〉8-fold. The glomerular filtration rate in −/− mice was not different from controls. The effect of amiloride on renal Na+ excretion and colonic transepithelial voltage reflects the function of amiloide-sensitive epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC). In −/− mice, it was reduced to 24% in the kidney and to 16% in the colon. There was, however, still significant residual ENaC-mediated Na+ reabsorption in both epithelia. RNase protection analysis of the subunits of ENaC and (Na++ K+)-ATPase did not reveal a decrease in −/− mice. The present data indicate that MR-deficient neonates die because they are not able to compensate renal Na+ loss. Regulation of Na+ reabsorption via MR is not achieved by transcriptional control of ENaC and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in RNA abundance but by transcriptional control of other as yet unidentified genes. MR knockout mice will be a suitable tool for the search of these genes.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-07-01
    Print ISSN: 1364-0321
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0690
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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