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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Thermal Cyclization of Hexafluorobutadiene to Hexafluorocyclobutene1,2 (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 86 (1964), S. 1676-1679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01063a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circularly polarized synchrotron radiation from the crossed undulator at BESSY : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first experimental results from a double undulator with crossed magnetic fields for producing circularly polarized synchrotron radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet-soft x-ray range are presented. The observed variation of the extent of circularly polarized radiation with photon energy is discussed. A strong dependence of the state and degree of polarization on the exact details of the tuning of the two undulators and the monochromator is observed. This probably accounts for the measured degree of polarization being smaller than theoretically expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142750
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation of brightness in undulator beamlines: Tangent errors and their reduction : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 481-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Creating and conserving the high brightness of undulator light sources on storage rings of the third generation requires an optimization of (a) undulator design and operation, (b) beamline design, and (c) cooling schemes to minimize the effect of the photons absorbed in the optical components on the performance of those components. For storage rings with electron energies of 1.5–2 GeV, the problems associated with conservation of brightness through the entire system to and including the experiment are surmountable. In the present work the optimization details to points (a) and (b) above as presented in a previous work are summarized, and point (c) is developed in some detail. With the help of the finite element method (FEM) cooling schemes were investigated that minimize the loss of brightness resulting from the heat loading of the optical components. A new concept for external cooling that fulfills the requirements and that appears feasible to build is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142737
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the discrimination of dipole background from four blade photon BPMs for insertion devices : The 9th National conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3367-3367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The position response of blade monitors is mainly determined by their spectral sensitivity for low energy photoelectrons. For insertion devices with high energy first harmonics, the signals are contaminated by the light from the upstream and downstream bending magnets. A blade monitor design using energy selective detection of the photoelectrons from the blades will be presented. This way the background signals from the dipoles can be supressed and only position information from the insertion device beam can be obtained. A simulation code and experimental results at BESSY I will be presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147365
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical photon beam position measurement at bending magnets using lateral diodes : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1889-1891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Commercial position sensitive diodes which were designed for measurements with visible light have been used to measure beam position in a white-light beamline, exposing them to the hard-x-ray part of the dipole spectrum. In preliminary studies it was found that the quantum efficiency of the lateral diodes is comparable to that of Si XUV diodes. At 1.5 keV a quantum efficiency of about 100 electrons per photon was measured in the central position. No long-term drifts of the efficiency have been observed. The position sensitivity of the diodes is almost independent of photon energy, but is at least a factor of 2 higher than in the visible range. Hence in a white-light beam, a photon energy window was defined by a water-cooled Al-absorber foil of 200 μm thickness. Behind the foil two lateral diodes were arranged at 3.5 (15 mm length) and 7 m (30 mm length) behind the source. The horizontal position of the diodes was staggered so that the first diode does not occlude the beam to the second one. With this system, the vertical source position in a bending magnet can be detected with 10 μm accuracy while the emission angle can be detected down to values of 2 μrad. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145815
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of plane grating focusing for soft x-ray monochromators (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: During the last 10 years various types of soft x-ray monochromators have been developed, which are optically based on the plane grating focusing condition introduced in 1980. These instruments as well as those using the original 1980 optical configuration are reviewed and compared to the other type of high performance soft x-ray grating monochromator, the Rowland circle based spherical grating monochromator (SGM). Performance data of a plane grating monochromator (HE-PGM-3), which was recently commissioned at BESSY and which offers a broad spectral range (40–2000 eV) and very high spectral resolution (up to E/ΔE∼10 000) are given in more detail. The performance of grating and crystal monochromators is compared in the 1–2 keV photon energy range. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145258
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The exactly focusing spherical grating monochromator for undulator radiation at BESSY (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2801-2806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design goals and the performance data for the exactly focusing spherical grating monochromator at BESSY which is installed on a crossed field undulator for circularly polarized undulator radiation is described. By employing a variable deviation angle at the grating it is possible to exactly focus the entrance slit on the exit slit at all wavelengths. In addition, the optical aberrations are very small, leading to a high resolution over the energy range of the monochromator. The performance has been verified by analysis of the He (1s−1 np) and the Kr (3d−15/2,3/2 np) resonance series. A resolution of E/ΔE≈17 500 at 65 eV in second order has been achieved. Since commissioning, this monochromator has been used for a variety of experiments requiring both plane- and circularly polarized undulator radiation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145558
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precision demanded of a Rowland circle monochromator: Its realization : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2154-2156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new monochromator design for high-energy resolution requires precise angle positioning of the grating during simultaneous linear motion of the grating vessel. The results obtained show that the required precision in the tilt angle of 0.05 arcsec can be met by the prototype of this monochromator. This is mainly achieved by a compensation of unavoidable systematic—time dependent and time independent—deviations from the ideal shape of the granite block on which an air bearing system moves. The compensation can be performed using the angle positioning system of the grating. The positioning accuracy here is better than 0.1 arcsec and shows a reproducibility of about 0.01 arcsec rms. The accuracy is provided by an angle encoder directly connected to the axis of rotation to be measured. A closed loop connection of the positioning and measuring system then allows a control on the grating angle within ± 0.03 arcsec. Thus, the mechanical precision made necessary by the use of the nearly perfect geometric surfaces of present day plane and spherical mirrors and gratings has been experimentally shown to be achievable. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145756
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat load problem of an entrance slit on an undulator beamline : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2224-2227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The heat load on the entrance slit of a spherical grating monochromator on a high-flux undulator beamline at BESSY has been studied. The effect of the concentrated power profile was analyzed for two different slit geometries by using a finite element method. In the worst case of a mis-steered beam a slit blade would have to withstand 50 W and a maximum power density of 780 W/mm2. The temperature in the focal spot rises by about 90 and 110 K above the water temperature in the cooling at the back side. As a result of this, the slit blade itself expands depending on the slit model, by 15.3–16.5 μm. Even though most of the expansion could be compensated for, a bump remains in the center of the slit blade. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145713
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute photoabsorption cross-section measurements of simple molecules in the core-level region : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1531-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Absolute inner-shell photoabsorption cross-section measurements were obtained from a variety of simple gas-phase molecules containing low Z elements (C, N, O, F), independent of the effects of stray light, high-order light, and photoabsorption from the various optical elements. The experimental apparatus consists of (1) a compact high-order light suppressor based on the photon energy dependence of the grazing angle reflectivity of various materials which provides an adjustable cut-off energy, and (2) a gas-phase absorption cell which monitors the photon flux before and after the gas cell to yield measurements independent of the absorptions of various optical elements, response functions of the photon detectors used, and variations of the photon flux during the scans. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145900
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