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  • 1
    Keywords: Schelfmeersediment ; Sapropelit ; Fazies ; Reduktion; Chemie ; Erdölbildung Schelf ; Schelfmeer ; Meeresgeologie ; Meereskunde ; Meeresökologie ; Schelfmeersediment ; Sapropelit ; Muttergestein ; Meeresbiologie ; Sedimentation ; Sediment
    Description / Table of Contents: R. V. Tyson and T. H. Pearson: Modern and ancient continental shelf anoxia: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:1-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.01 --- Modern Shelf Anoxia --- Donald F. Boesch and Nancy N. Rabalais: Effects of hypoxia on continental shelf benthos: comparisons between the New York Bight and the Northern Gulf of Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:27-34, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.02 --- Nancy N. Rabalais, R. Eugene Turner, William J. Wiseman, Jr., and Donald F. Boesch: A brief summary of hypoxia on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf: 1985–1988 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:35-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.03 --- Donald E. Harper, Jr, Larry D. McKinney, James M. Nance, and Robert R. Salzer: Recovery responses of two benthic assemblages following an acute hypoxic event on the Texas continental shelf, northwestern Gulf of Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:49-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.04 --- G. J. Van Der Zwaan and F. J. Jorissen: Biofacial patterns in river-induced shelf anoxia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:65-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.05 --- Thomas C. Malone: River flow, phytoplankton production and oxygen depletion in Chesapeake Bay / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:83-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.06 --- Dubravko Justić: Hypoxic conditions in the northern Adriatic Sea: historical development and ecological significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:95-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.07 --- Jadran Faganeli, Jož Pezdič, Bojan Ogorelec, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Tadej Dolenec: The role of sedimentary biogeochemistry in the formation of hypoxia in shallow coastal waters (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:107-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.08 --- Michael Stachowitsch: Anoxia in the Northern Adriatic Sea: rapid death, slow recovery / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:119-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.09 --- Wolf E. Arntz, Juan Tarazona, Victor A. Gallardo, Luis A. Flores, and Horst Salzwedel: Benthos communities in oxygen deficient shelf and upper slope areas of the Peruvian and Chilean Pacific coast, and changes caused by El Niño / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:131-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.10 --- Kay-Christian Emeis, Jean K. Whelan, and Martha Tarafa: Sedimentary and geochemical expressions of oxic and anoxic conditions on the Peru Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:155-170, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.11 --- Geoffrey W. Bailey: Organic carbon flux and development of oxygen deficiency on the modern Benguela continential shelf south of 22°S: spatial and temporal variability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:171-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.12 --- Ancient Shelf Anoxia --- Donald C. Rhoads, Sandor G. Mulsow, Raymond Gutschick, Christopher T. Baldwin, and John F. Stolz: The dysaerobic zone revisited: a magnetic facies? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:187-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.13 --- Charles E. Savrda and David J. Bottjer: Oxygen-related biofacies in marine strata: an overview and update / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:201-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.14 --- M. Carmela Cuomo and Paul R. Bartholomew: Pelletal black shale fabrics: their origin and significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:221-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.15 --- Gordon C. Baird and Carlton E. Brett: Submarine erosion on the anoxic sea floor: stratinomic, palaeoenvironmental, and temporal significance of reworked pyritebone deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:233-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.16 --- P. H. Heckel: Thin widespread Pennsylvanian black shales of Midcontinent North America: a record of a cyclic succession of widespread pycnoclines in a fluctuating epeiric sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:259-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.17 --- Stefan Piasecki and Lars Stemmerik: Late Permian anoxia in central East Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:275-290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.18 --- Paul B. Wignall and Anthony Hallam: Biofacies, stratigraphic distribution and depositional models of British onshore Jurassic black shales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:291-309, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.19 --- R. Littke, D. Leythaeuser, J. Rullkötter, and D. R. Baker: Keys to the depositional history of the Posidonia Shale (Toarcian) in the Hils Syncline, northern Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:311-333, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.20 --- Michael Prauss, Bertrand Ligouis, and Hanspeter Luterbacher: Organic matter and palynomorphs in the ‘Posidonienschiefer’ (Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of southern Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:335-351, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.21 --- Hans-J. Brumsack: Inorganic geochemistry of the German ‘Posidonia Shale’: palaeoenvironmental consequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:353-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.22 --- J. D. Hudson and David M. Martill: The Lower Oxford Clay: production and preservation of organic matter in the Callovian (Jurassic) of central England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:363-379, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.23 --- Wolfgang Oschmann: Distribution, dynamics and palaeoecology of Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) shelf anoxia in western Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:381-395, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.24 --- Peter Doyle and Andrew G. Whitham: Palaeoenvironments of the Nordenskjöld Formation: an Antarctic Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous black shale-tuff sequence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:397-414, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.25 --- Jean-G. Bréhéret: Glauconitization episodes in marginal settings as echoes of mid-Cretaceous anoxic events in the Vocontian basin (SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:415-425, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.26 --- E. A. M. Koutsoukos, M. R. Mello, and N. C. de Azambuja Filho: Micropalaeontological and geochemical evidence of mid-Cretaceous dysoxic-anoxic palaeoenvironments in the Sergipe Basin, northeastern Brazil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:427-447, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.27 --- István Vetö and Magdolna Hetényi: Fate of organic carbon and reduced sulphur in dysoxic-anoxic Oligocene facies of the Central Paratethys (Carpathian Mountains and Hungary) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 58:449-460, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.28
    Pages: Online-Ressource (470 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 0903317672
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The distribution of juvenile benthic invertebrates with respect to their abiotic environment was investigated at four locations along a gradient in Kongsfjorden (79°N, 12°E), Spitsbergen, in September 1997. Heavy discharge of inorganic sediments released by the three glaciers was expected to be one of the main structuring factors of benthic communities in the fjord.Juveniles of 76 species/families are identified. Total abundance increases with distance from the fjord head due to dominance of opportunistic polychaetes, while diversity is highest close to the glacier. Juvenile polychaetes are the most abundant taxon over all stations (92%), followed by bivalves, crustaceans and others. Polychaetes also provide most species (55%) and are the dominant taxon at every station. Their abundance is highly correlated to TOC, indicating that most of them are deposit feeders. Young crustaceans rapidly decrease towards the fjord mouth, probably due to stronger bottom currents. Even though young oligochaetes are exclusively found near the glacier, no species seem to be extraordinary well adapted to the high sedimentation rate close to the glacier. Juvenile suspension feeding bivalves seem to be less disturbed by glacial discharge but appear to be more vulnerable to currents on the more exposed sites. The importance of deposit feeders and carnivores increase towards the outer stations.Non-metric multidimensional scaling confirms the distinct gradient in community composition along the fjord. Coupling the biotic data to abiotic factors (depth, bottom-water salinity, bottom-water temperature, sediment grain size and sedimentation rate) using canonical correspondence analysis revealed that hydrographic factors are more responsible for the structuring of the benthic juveniles community at the shallow stations close to the glacier (except the station directly at the glacier). At the outer deeper stations, sediment grain size and related properties may play a more important role.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The isolation of biologically important low molecular weight organic acids from organically enriched sediments in Loch Eil, Scotland, was carried out by extraction of pore water with acidified ethyl acetate. High concentrations of acetic acid, up to 1.8 mg g-1 dry weight of sediment were found at Station E-24. Propionate, butyrate, valerate, lactate and traces of succinate were also found. Succinate was present in significant amounts, 42.2 μg g-1 dry weight of sediment at Station E-70, which received a higher input of organic matter than E-24. Both propionate and succinate were absent from a control station in the Lynn of Lorne where the sediment was low in carbon compared with Loch Eil. In experimental tanks, acetate levels increased as the input of organic carbon (as cellulose) was increased up to a load level of 1.5 g m-2 day-1. Above this, acetate decreased and succinate appeared. Succinate was not detected in low-loaded tanks. Experiments with sieved mud showed a vertical distribution of the different acids with depth. Lactate and succinate reached highest concentration in the 0 to 3 cm layer, acetate at 3 to 6 cm and propionate at 6 to 9 cm. The results are discussed in relation to the role of these acids as food sources and as indicators of biochemical pathways taking place in sediments with different carbon input levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A rapid method for measuring the redox potential (Eh) values of marine sediments is described. This method has been used to relate changes in the areas of highly reduced sediment in a sea loch system to the continuously fluctuating inputs of organic waste from a pulp and paper mill. Subsequent faunal changes in these areas can be related to changes in the measured sedimentary redox level. The method is suggested as a rapid means of assessing the potential impact of an additional organic input to a marine sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Further empirical data are presented to evaluate the method of detecting pollution-induced disturbance in marine benthic communities by a comparison of the distribution of numbers of individuals among species with the distribution of biomass among species. A suggested abbreviated name for the technique is the ABC method (abundance biomass comparison). Application of the technique to new data shows that it is a sensitive indicator of natural physical and biological disturbance as well as pollution-induced disturbance over both spatial and temporal scales. Changes in the configuration of ABC plots during ecological succession are the reverse of those resulting from increased pollution levels. The technique should also be applicable to intertidal sediments, where physical disturbance of the sediment by waves does not appear to preclude its utility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Coordinated environmental, ecological and biochemical studies have been applied to assess the impact of sewage disposal in a fjordic system near Bergen, Norway. The ecological and biochemical effects were studied in 1983 at four sampling locations situated along a spatial gradient of effects of the sewage on conditions in the sediments. Two of the locations, near Dolviken, were found to be considerably affected by the sewage. Relatively few species of macrobenthic invertebrate fauna were present at these locations, and analysis of the distribution of individuals among species indicated distortion of the benthic community structure. On the basis of its distribution along spatial gradients of organic enrichment and various criteria relating to its suitability for biochemical analysis, the polychaete Glycera alba (Müller) was selected as the most suitable pollution-sensitive indicator species for use in the biochemical studies. In individuals from the two affected locations near Dolviken, maximal activities of the regulatory glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase, and the pyruvate oxidoreductase, alanopine dehydrogenase, were very low. Activities of several other enzymes associated with carbohydrate catabolism were also lower in these groups than in the reference group collected from Raunefjorden. The ecological and biochemical measures both corresponded closely with the changes in environmental conditions along the gradient of sewage effects. The results are discussed with reference to earlier coordinated ecological and biochemical investigations carried out in Scotland and Norway and to experimental studies of the effects of pollutants and hypoxia on energy-yielding metabolism of polychaetes. It is suggested that the enzymatic changes in G. alba may be a sensitive component of an integrated metabolic response, which may involve a decrease in glycolytic energy production for the fuelling of muscular activity. Further development of this coordinated ecological and biochemical approach is discussed, with emphasis on its potential utility in the assessment of biological effects of the disposal of organically rich waste materials in coastal waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 33 (1980), S. 340-365 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The scale of waste discharges to the marine environment from the pulp and paper industry in various parts of the world is outlined and a brief description of the major characteristics of such wastes is given. The information available on the direct toxicity of these wastes to marine fauna and flora is assessed including both lethal and sublethal effects. The environmental impact of waste discharge and subsequent ecosystem modifications are considered in detail; the complex adjustments to the nutrient and carbon budgets of the water column and sediment involved in direct alterations to their oxygen balance and other indirect eutrophication effects are described. It is concluded that whereas the direct toxicity of these wastes has minimal effect in the marine environment the complex problems created by increasing the oxygen demand of the receiving waters can have considerable impact in inshore areas. Methods of minimising the effect of such impacts and of forecasting their extent are outlined. “He saw its excreta poisoning the seas. He became watchful” (Hughes, 1970).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: North Sea ; benthic communities ; variability ; natural disturbance ; dominance ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in benthic sedimentary communities in many areas of the northern North Sea in the vicinity of oil and gas fields have been monitored intermittently over the past three decades, in most cases triennially but in some areas annually for short periods. Accumulating evidence from these surveys suggests that large scale temporal variability occurs in both the diversity and structure of these communities on time scales varying from years to decades. A recent change to regional, rather than field based, surveys in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea has provided evidence that spatially such changes occur on broad scales and are not local responses to field based environmental disturbance. The possible factors inducing such changes are reviewed and the relative temporal and spatial stability of benthic infaunal communities in response to fluctuating pelagic conditions and levels of sedimentary disturbance are discussed. It is suggested that broad scale temporal and spatial variability in these benthic communities is driven by climatic forces influencing the overlying water masses but that there may have been some increase in pelagic productivity and/or in benthic pelagic coupling in the area in recent years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 142 (1986), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: long-term changes ; benthos ; organic enrichment ; temperature anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Population fluctuations over a twenty year period in the macrobenthic communities of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil, on the western coast of Scotland, are related to changing organic inputs to the area and to long-term temperature changes. It is suggested that the carrying capacity of sedimentary benthos is dependent on organic input, but that the species composition of the communities may be modified by climatic fluctuations acting on the spawning success and subsequent recruitment of particular species. Confirmation of such hypotheses generated from field time-series data should be obtained by experimentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: Sediment toxicity ; bioluminescent bacteria ; sediment contamination ; macrofaunal communities ; Sado estuary ; Portugal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the results from a sedimentary survey undertaken in July 1992 in the Sado estuary, western coast of Portugal. Sediment samples were taken at 14 sites, corresponding to four organic enrichment gradients, three of which are located close to harbour facilities or to industrial or urban effluent outfalls. The fourth site is located away from direct sources of anthropogenic disturbance. An integrated approach was conducted in order to study the quality status of the superficial sediments, and included 1. the analysis of sediment descriptors and contaminants (grain-size, total organic matter, heavy metals, PCBs), 2. the evaluation of toxicity, using bioluminescent bacteria and the Microtox® solid-phase protocol and 3. the study of macrofaunal communities structure and composition. Most of the sediments showed low IC50 values (high toxicity), while benthic macrofauna did not indicate community disturbance in most of the sites, nor the contaminants analysed provided explanation for the potential toxicity observed. Most of the sediments showed high fines content. A statistical significant relation between fines and IC50 values was found, indicating the sensitivity of the toxicity assessment method for granulometry. This sensitivity might explain the lack of agreement between the IC 50 values and the sediment chemistry-infaunal communities structure. The potential grain-size sensitivity was further analysed using another test sediment from which artificial samples with different sand∶fines ratios were prepared. It is concluded that extreme caution should be used when applying the solid-phase Microtox® protocol to assess the toxicity of natural sediments, covering a range of granulometry and contamination situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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