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  • 1
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 42.65.Tg ; 42.65.Yj ; 75.70.Ak ; 75.30.Ds, 75.40.Gb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The propagation of envelope solitons of microwave-frequency spin waves in a spatially periodic field oriented parallel to the magnetic pump has been investigated experimentally. In a pulsed pumping regime with amplitude much greater than the threshold for parametric excitation of spin systems, amplification of spin-wave envelope solitons exceeding their natural damping was obtained.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 75.30.Ds ; 75.70.Ak
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have performed experiments in which self-generation of dark envelope solitons for spin waves at microwave frequencies were obtained. Stable self-generation of dark solitons was observed in a ring consisting of tangentially magnetized yttrium iron garnet film and a microwave signal amplifier.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 620-623 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Several improvements for a previously described semiautomated system for spin-wave instability threshold measurement in microwave ferrites are described. The effects of sample size, sample position in the microwave cavity, and method of data interpretation on the threshold field hcrit are also reported. The data were obtained by the parallel pumping technique at 8.92 GHz. Sphere-shaped samples of polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet were used for the measurements. The results show that the initial, "exact'' instability onset, the "extrapolated'' onset from the loss increase above threshold, and the "visual'' onset estimate from the above threshold response can vary by more than 0.5 Oe for hcrit values of 3 Oe or so. Large samples, above 1 mm in diameter, lead to an overestimation of hcrit due to errors in the microwave cavity perturbation theory analysis which forms the basis of the measurement. The amount of overestimation is about 0.1 Oe for a diameter of 2 mm and 0.2 Oe at 3 mm. Sample position relative to the cavity end wall does not appear to be critical. Imaging effects are small for hcrit measurements in the YIG-like materials of interest here.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5477-5479 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The technique of Brillouin light scattering has been used for the characterization, in terms of wave number and direction of propagation, of parametric spin waves associated with subsidiary absorption in thin films of yttrium iron garnet. Measurements at 7.99, 8.47, and 9.90 GHz have revealed a spin-wave character consistent with theory, with two notable exceptions. First, the data show no evidence for a predicted flip in the azimuthal propagation angle. Second, the measured magnon wave numbers at high fields are inconsistent with the theoretical values. The wave number and polar angle results imply that the change to low-k spin waves is not a discontinuous transition as indicated by the model.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Although microwave magnetic envelope (MME) solitons in thin yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films have been studied extensively, only recently have dark MME solitons been observed. For a single dark soliton, one has a carrier phase change of 180°. Reference 1 indicated such a change. However, the overall phase change for a given dark pulse experiment should be 0°. The objective of this work was to examine phase profiles in detail for the dark soliton experiment. The results show that both of the above expectations are, in fact, satisfied. The 5 GHz measurements were done with a magnetostatic wave delay line structure with a long and narrow 7.2 μm thick single crystal YIG film oriented in the surface wave configuration. A GaAs microwave switch produced 300 ns long bright pulses separated by a dark pulse with a width in the 15 ns range. The input power was 0.002–1.0 W. The output signal showed two main dark pulse features, independent of power level. At low powers, the changes in phase across both features were small. With increasing power, the phase change across the first feature showed a rapid increase while the phase change for the second feature remained small. The phase change for the first feature saturated at a large value, on the order of 200°, relative to the phase change at low power.The phase change over the entire profile was always 0°. These results show: (1) There are significant phase changes at both low and high powers in the dark pulse experiment. (2) The phase change for a dark soliton must take into account the background phase change at lower powers. (3) Only the main dark pulse feature in the output profile exhibits single dark soliton characteristics through a clearly resolved phase saturation at 180°. (4) These thresholds are on the order of 10 mW for typical strip line transducer structures, compared to 100 mW or so for bright solitons. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hexagonal ferrites are ideally suited for millimeter-wave applications but have seen limited use because of large losses. High field effective linewidth and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth measurements for single crystal barium ferrite indicate that these losses may be due to an inhomogeneity related two magnon scattering contribution to the relaxation. Calculations of the linewidth as a function of the external magnetic field orientation in films and thin disks give characteristic dependencies if two magnon scattering relaxation is present. The objective of this work was to measure the angle dependence of the FMR linewidth in single crystal Zn–Y and Ba–M hexagonal ferrite disks and compare the results to the theoretical predictions. The materials were flux grown Mn doped Ba–M and Zn–Y single crystals. The Ba–M and Zn–Y disks were 1.0 mm in diameter and 0.13 and 0.4 mm thick, respectively. Measurements were made at 53 GHz for the Ba–M and 9.5 GHz for the Zn2–Y. The FMR was measured by a shorted waveguide technique as a function of the field angle relative to the out-of-plane direction. The linewidth for the Ba–M increased from minimum value of 35 Oe at 0°, to a maximum of 330 Oe at 68°, followed by a small decrease out to the maximum angle of 75° for which FMR could be observed. For the Zn2–Y, the linewidth increased from 95 Oe at 0° to 420 Oe at 5°, followed by a decrease to 37 Oe at 90°. The two-magnon model gives large peaks in the linewidth as a function of angle, the sizes and positions of which depend upon the anisotropy and the size of the scattering inhomogeneities. The experimental results for both materials are in good agreement with model two-magnon calculations based on an inhomogeneity size on the order of 0.5 μm.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3553-3563 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Brillouin light scattering (BLS) in the backscattering configuration has been used to study the magnetic excitations in epitaxial Fe(38 A(ring))/Cr(13 A(ring))/Fe(38 A(ring)) thin-film sandwiches. Spin-wave frequency was measured versus in-plane wave vector k and static in-plane magnetic field H for both [100] and [110] direction fields and with k perpendicular to H. The range of applied fields was 50–1500 Oe. The wave-number range was 0.45×105–2.3×105 rad/cm. The BLS spectra correlate with magnetization versus field profiles and confirm the antiferromagnetic coupling between the Fe layers. Under low-field conditions and near-antiparallel alignment of the Fe layer magnetization vectors, the spin-wave frequencies from the Stokes and anti-Stokes sides of the BLS spectra are different. These frequencies merge at high field. The low-field splitting feature is very sensitive to small differences in thickness for the magnetic layers and indicates a thickness difference of 9%. Matchups between features of the BLS data and magnetization curves were obtained for the following parameters: magnetic layer saturation induction 4πMs=18.6 kG; cubic anisotropy field HA=550 Oe; in-plane [110] uniaxial anisotropy field HU=76 Oe; antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling field HJ=120 Oe. Spin-wave frequency calculations based on these parameters show quantitative agreement with the measurements. The quantitative fits require inclusion in the theory of an iron layer surface anisotropy with an effective surface anisotropy field of 2 kOe.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Microwave envelope solitons have been observed in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films for different field configurations and surface pinning conditions. Earlier work on magnetostatic forward volume wave (MSFVW) solitons in YIG films has focused on the break from the low power linear dependence of the output pulse peak power Pout on input pulse power Pin,1 or on the evolution of the shape of the microwave pulse envelope with increasing power.2 In this work, both (1) the nonlinear dependence of Pout on Pin and (2) the shape of the output pulses for MSFVW solitons have been examined over a wide range of power levels and pulse widths. The experiments used 7.2-μm-thick single crystal YIG films with unpinned surface spins. A field of 3744 Oe was applied perpendicular to the plane of a 15×2 mm film sample. Microwave pulses at 5.4–6 GHz, with a width τ of 5–50 ns and peak powers up to 3 W, were launched by a microstrip antenna about 5 mm from one end and picked up by a second, parallel antenna about 5 mm from the other end. Data were processed with a microwave transition analyzer operated in a time domain mode. For a given pulse width, the initial break and nonlinear increase in Pout relative to Pin noted in Ref. 1 is followed by a gradual leveling off in Pout at high power. For a given pulse power above soliton threshold, the Pout versus τ profiles show an initial linear increase which is followed by a decrease and an oscillatory response as multiple solitons are formed. These profiles are directly correlated with the formation of a single soliton pulse which evolves into multiple soliton wave packets with increasing either power or pulse length.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple technique to analyze the effective linewidth at high field, corresponding to the far field tail of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) absorption, was recently reported. This technique has now been applied at 10, 20, and 35 GHz to single crystal Zn2Y hexagonal ferrite with planar anisotropy. Far field effective linewidth (ΔHeffFF) measurements were made for a series of 2–3 mm-diam, 0.08–1.33-mm-thick c-plane disks. The ΔHeffFF is taken to represent the intrinsic linewidth, in the sense that there are no two magnon or inhomogeneous linebroadening contributions to the losses on the far-field FMR tail. ΔHeffFF at each frequency increases with the square of the disk thickness. This increase is consistent with an eddy current loss process. A fit of the data to a simple eddy current model yields resistivities of 10.3, 9.7, and 8.3 Ω cm at 10, 20, and 35 GHz, respectively. These values are consistent with a resistivity of 2 Ω cm from 10 GHz dielectric measurements and 20 Ω cm from the resistivity measurements.These results are similar to previous results for barium ferrite. However, the microwave response in these Zn2Y materials also shows many anomalies. First, ΔHeffFF is larger, not smaller, than the corresponding FMR linewidth. Second, ΔHeffFF also depends on the orientation of the microwave field relative to the crystallographic c plane. The losses for out-of-plane microwave pumping are larger by a factor of 2–3 than for in-plane pumping. Research sponsored by the United States Office of Naval Research, Contract N00014-90-J-4078. The single crystal samples were kindly provided by M. A. Wittenauer, Purdue University.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The frequency dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth and effective linewidth has been measured in Mn doped single crystal barium hexaferrite (BaFe12−xMnxO19) with x=0.1. Mn doped samples were used to minimize conductivity losses. Measurements were made on c-plane thin disks magnetized to saturation along the disk axis and c direction. A shorted waveguide technique was used to measure the FMR profiles in the range of 55–90 GHz. The FMR field position increased linearly at 0.35 kOe/GHz, with a zero field extrapolation of 34.7 GHz as expected for uniform mode FMR in barium ferrite. The linewidth ΔH increased linearly with frequency at 0.29 Oe/GHz with a zero frequency extrapolation of 18 Oe. A high-Q cavity method was used to measure the high field effective linewidth, ΔHeffFF at 10, 20, 35, and 60 GHz. The effective linewidth increased linearly with frequency at 0.4 Oe/GHz, with a zero frequency extrapolation of 4 Oe. There were no dependencies of ΔH or ΔHeffFF on sample thickness. These results indicate that (1) eddy current contributions to ΔH and ΔHeffFF in these Mn doped barium ferrite materials are absent, (2) ΔHeffFF is significantly lower than ΔH and appears to be a good measure of the intrinsic losses, and (3) both linewidths increase linearly with frequency at about the same rate.These intrinsic linewidths in barium ferrite are still significantly greater than linewidths in yttrium iron garnet. Research sponsored in part by the United States Office of Naval Research, Contract No. N00014-90-J-4078. The single crystal samples were kindly provided by M. A. Wittenauer, Purdue University.
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