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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin-dependent elastic and inelastic electron scattering from magnetic surfaces (invited) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5927-5930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results from scattering experiments, using a polarized electron beam combined with polarization analysis, are presented and discussed. There is no evidence of depolarization in quasielastic scattering for the systems studied [Ni(110), Ni(110)O(2×1), paramagnetic Ni(110), Pt(111), graphite]. In inelastic scattering from graphite for small energy losses the depolarization is found to be weak, whereas for ferromagnetic Fe and Ni surfaces large spin-flip contributions have been reported for small energy losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342176
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin-polarized photoemission study of epitaxial Gd(0001) films on W(110) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6769-6771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surface magnetic properties of epitaxial Gd(0001) films grown on W(110) were studied with spin-polarized resonant 4f photoemission. Films grown at room temperature and subsequently annealed to 550 °C show 66% polarization at 150 K, whereas films grown at 400 °C show only 46% polarization. Both types of films exhibit surface enhanced magnetic order, with the highest observed surface critical temperature exceeding the bulk value by as much as 60 K. For the first time, a rich variety of novel surface magnetic phenomena, i.e., sizeable perpendicular polarization component and unusual temperature hysteresis in the spin polarization, are observed, demonstrating that surface magnetic reconstruction is present in Gd(0001) films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352480
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic x-ray dichroism in 2p absorption spectra of Fe/Cu(001) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6748-6750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large magnetic circular dichroism using circularly polarized synchrotron radiation has been observed at the L2,3 absorption edges of thin (1–12 monolayers) fcc Fe films grown on Cu(001). Dramatic changes in the 2p branching ratio are observed when the orientation of photon helicity and sample magnetization are varied from parallel to antiparallel. The temperature and film thickness dependence of the perpendicular anisotropy in these films could be monitored by variations in the 2p branching ratio. Finally, our results are described in a simple theoretical framework that allows a determination between the predicted low- and high-spin phases for fcc Fe. Our data suggest a high-spin phase with a moment of 2.0–2.5 μB/atom. Interestingly, thicker films with remanant magnetic moments in the film plane present smaller branching ratio variations consistent with either a reduced moment or with domain closure for these films. The surface sensitivity and elemental specificity of this technique make it particularly attractive for the study of surface and thin film magnetism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352524
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin configuration of Gd clusters and thin films (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5542-5542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Studies of the magnetism and structure of Gd clusters and surfaces will be presented.1 The spin configuration of a Gd13 cluster and the Gd(0001) surface has been examined using electronic structure calculations as well as a Heisenberg model. Structural calculations show that the ground-state geometry of the cluster has a hcp arrangement with a slightly reduced nearest-neighbor distance compared to bulk and an average moment of 7.8 μB/atom. The Heisenberg model is calculated using a Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-like interaction. The effects of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling for the nearest- and next-nearest neighbor interaction, respectively, is investigated. It is shown that for a range of interaction strengths the spins in the cluster assume a canted configuration. This effect leads to lower net magnetization of the cluster, and accounts for the anomalous low moments of Gdn clusters that have been experimentally observed. A similar model of the Gd(0001) surface agrees well with earlier spin resolved low-energy electron diffraction experiments from Gd/W(110), and spin resolved secondary electron spectroscopy studies of the surface magnetism of Gd grown on Y(0001) will be presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364654
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic dichroism in core-level photoemission from fcc Fe/Cu(100) films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5936-5938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Circularly polarized x rays from a synchrotron light source were used in photoemission from thin fcc Fe films on Cu(100). The measured exchange splitting for the 3s and 2p levels in these films is reduced from that measured in bulk bcc Fe. For both the 2p3/2 and the 2p1/2 levels the splittings are about half that of bulk bcc Fe. This trend is in line with measurements of the 3s exchange splitting from fcc Fe compared to bcc Fe as well. A 0.25 eV exchange splitting is observed in the 3p core level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353527
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism of ultrathin films of Fe on Cu(100) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5209-5211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetism in ultrathin (1–10 ML) Fe films grown on Cu(100) has been studied by spin-polarized secondary electron emission spectroscopy. The variation of the magnetization with temperature and oxygen adsorption was investigated for various film thicknesses. The orientation of the magnetization for films between 5 and 6 ML thick switches reversibly between perpendicular (at low temperature) to in-plane (at high temperature). The switching transition temperature decreases with increasing film thickness, and is accompanied by a loss of long-range order over a range of 20–30 K. The transition is attributed to the temperature dependence of the perpendicular anisotropy. The effect of oxygen adsorption onto films with perpendicular remanence is to first suddenly turn the magnetization into the plane at a critical coverage, and then to kill the magnetization gradually with continued exposure. This indicates that the uniaxial surface anisotropy at the Fe-vacuum interface plays a major role in the magnetization of the film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348077
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passivated uranium as an electron-spin analyzing target (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 3068-3069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A passivated uranium surface has been tested as an electron-spin analyzing target in a retarding potential Mott detector. The effective Sherman function and yield were measured for electron energies of 15–34 keV at energy-loss acceptance windows of 500 and 1000 eV. The figure of merit was found to be ≈1×10−5. The uranium target had a higher Sherman function than either gold or thorium at 20-keV and 500-eV energy loss. The passivated surface is also extremely stable, thus proving to be an acceptable target for electron-spin analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140607
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optic Kerr effect study of a two-step reorientation transition of an ultrathin magnetic film (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5478-5480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic reorientation transition for ultrathin Fe films on Gd is studied. At low temperatures, the films are magnetized in plane and at intermediate temperatures they undergo a reorientation to out of plane. The reorientation is attributed to the reducing magnetization of Gd as it approaches its Curie temperature and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Fe surface. Detailed measurements of the reorientation were made in situ using the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). The first step, at low temperature, is a continuous, reversible reorientation of the surface moment from in plane to canted out of plane; a corresponding peak in the susceptibility identifies it as a second-order phase transition. The second step is a discontinuous, irreversible rotation from this canted direction to perpendicular to the film plane; thermal hysteresis of the magnetization identifies it as a first-order phase transition. The MOKE thermal hysteresis loop shows that the Gd surface region participates in the first-order phase transition. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373378
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain formation near the reorientation transition in perpendicularly magnetized, ultrathin Fe/Ni bilayer films (invited) (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5054-5059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ultrathin films with perpendicular magnetization convert from a single domain state into a multidomain structure as the reorientation phase transition to an in-plane magnetization is approached. Reorientation transitions in magnetic ultrathin films result from the interplay of interfacial magnetic anisotropy, the dipolar interaction, and two-dimensional thermodynamics. These transitions can be driven by changing either the film thickness or temperature. Experimental and theoretical studies of this effect are briefly discussed in the context of the thickness–temperature phase diagram of the reorientation transition. We then describe magnetic susceptibility experiments on ultrathin Fe/Ni(111) bilayers. Our experiments indicate an exponential increase in domain density of a multidomain structure with temperature and identify the region of the thickness–temperature reorientation transition phase diagram where this condensation is most pronounced. The temperature dependence of the domain density agrees quantitatively with theoretical predictions. Films that are slightly too thin to exhibit the reorientation transition with temperature are a special case. They undergo a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition from the perpendicularly magnetized state and exhibit domain-like behavior many tens of Kelvin above estimates of the Curie temperature. This surprising observation is interpreted using the two-dimensional dipolar Ising model. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370089
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry during ultrahigh vacuum growth (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 3401-3403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An in situ study of the absolute magnetic moment of thin ferromagnetic films grown in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is described. The moments are measured using a newly innovated technique, rotating sample superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry (RSSM), in which the sample is spun at low frequency close to an ex situ second derivative superconducting pickup loop structure coupled to a rf SQUID. The sensitivity of the measurements is ≈10−6 emu, which corresponds to 1/10 of an atomic layer of Fe over a 0.5 cm2 area, and the geometry of the pickup loops makes the magnetometer very insensitive to background laboratory noise. The moment of Cr grown on Fe was measured. It was determined that the first two layers of Cr have an average moment of 0.75 μB per atom, and are antiferromagnetically aligned to the Fe film moment. The simplicity of RSSM and the fact that the absolute moment is measured makes this a powerful new approach for characterization of magnetic samples in UHV. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112406
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