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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    San Diego [u.a.] : Academic press
    Call number: PIK N 613-91-0175
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIX, 657 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0124241603
    Series Statement: Physiological ecology
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, Acad. Press
    Call number: M 09.0022
    Description / Table of Contents: Woody plants such as trees have a significant economic and climatic influence on global economies and ecologies. This book includes chapters that focus on emerging discoveries of the patterns and processes of woody plant physiology. It provides recommendations for the use of specific management practices and experimental procedures and equipment.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 454 S.
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 0120887657 , 978-0-12-088765-1
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    San Diego [u.a.] : Academic Press
    Call number: PIK N 613-98-0099
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 641 S. , Ill., graph. Darst. , 24 cm
    ISBN: 0124242103
    Series Statement: Physiological ecology series
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 84 (1990), S. 260-264 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Liquid flow resistance ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Quercus ; Acer ; Juglans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Soil-leaf resistance to liquid water flow (R) in moist and drying soil was compared in three-month-old seedlings of two drought tolerant (white [Quercus alba L.], post oak [Q. stellata Wangenh.]) and two drought sensitive forest species (sugar maple [Acer saccharum Marsh.], black walnut [Juglans nigra L.]). At high soil moisture (Ψs≥−0.3 MPa), R was higher in J. nigra than in the other species, and as soil water was depleted R increased most in this species. In contrast, the lowest resistance at all levels of soil moisture was observed in Q. stellata. At Ψs of −1.5 MPa, R of drought-sensitive J. nigra and A. saccharum was about twice as high as that of the two drought-tolerant Quercus species. The difference in R between the two Quercus species was much smaller than that between this pair and the other two species. These differences among species in flow resistance may be attributable to: 1) variation in the balance between root surface area and leaf area, 2) variation in the inherent absorption capacity of the root systems and in xylem water conducting systems or 3) differences in root permeability, shrinkage and mortality in severely stressed seedlings. As the soil dried, seedlings of all species exhibited pronounced reductions in transpiration rate, which prevented development of large water potential gradients between leaves and the soil. Reduction in transpiration in J. nigra was especially pronounced, resulting in a decrease in the soil-to-leaf water potential gradient in dry soil despite high flow resistance. The observed differences among species in flow resistance are correlated with natural distribution patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1992-09-01
    Description: Trees and their environment were studied in floodplain forests in the glaciated region of northern Missouri. Ordination of tree vegetation samples by detrended correspondence analysis indicated a primary vegetation continuum of decreasing Acersaccharinum L. and increasing Caryalaciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud with several other species associated with secondary vegetation gradients, TWINSPAN classification of tree vegetation identified three groups of plots that were dominated by A. saccharinum in varying degrees of association with other species, most importantly Populusdeltoides Bartr. and Ulmusamericana L.; two groups dominated by species of Carya and Ulmus; and two groups where dominance was more broadly distributed among lowland Quercus spp., U. americana, Aesculusglabra Willd., Fraxinuspennsylvanica Marsh., Platanusoccidentalis L., and Betulanigra L. Importance of A. saccharinum was greatest in plots where the leading dominants were young, while Quercus and Carya spp. were more common in plots with older leading dominants, suggesting that the predominant environmental influence on vegetation composition was frequency and severity of disturbance associated with flooding. Plots with younger dominant trees had lower species richness and diversity than plots with older dominants. Higher soil pH and slough location were also positively correlated with A. saccharinum importance, and Acernegundo L. was more frequent in sloughs. Analysis of overstory and understory relationships indicated that A. saccharinum is likely to remain important in the immediate future in many forests currently dominated by this species because of its abundance in subcanopy positions. Potential canopy trees of F. pennsylvanica, C. laciniosa, Caryacordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, and Celtisoccidentalis L. may, in the absence of major flooding disturbance, cause long-term shifts in composition in some of these forests. While Ulmus spp. are abundant in the understory, they are unlikely to become important canopy species because of disease.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: The leaf and root tissue water relations of Quercusalba L., Quercusmacrocarpa Michx., and Quercusstellata Wang. seedlings before and after drought were examined to evaluate the occurrence and comparative extent of osmotic adjustment in seedlings of these species. Drought resulted in active osmotic adjustment in leaves of all three species, with decreases in osmotic potential at full tissue hydration and at the turgor loss point from 0.25 to 0.60 MPa. Active osmotic adjustment in Q. stellata, and increased root tissue elasticity in Q. macrocarpa and Q. alba, resulted in turgor loss of roots occurring at a water potential 0.36 to 0.66 MPa lower in drought-stressed than in well-watered seedlings. Species differed in tissue water relations only before drought, with Q. stellata exhibiting lower osmotic potentials than Q. alba and Q. macrocarpa. Estimates of the osmotic potential at full saturation were generally lower in leaves than in roots, but the osmotic potential at turgor loss was similar. Roots exhibited turgor loss at lower values of relative water content and experienced a more gradual decrease in water potential per unit water content during dehydration than did leaves. This response indicates greater relative tissue capacitance in roots than in leaves in these species.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1986-12-01
    Description: The effects of container culture and infection with Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch on growth and survival of black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) seedlings outplanted on two Missouri Ozark clear-cuts were examined over 6 years. Container-grown 1-0 seedlings exhibited height and diameter growth superior to bare-root stock, and mycorrhizal plants were taller than nonmycorrhizal plants during the first two to three field seasons. Thereafter, container-grown and bare-root, and mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings grew at comparable rates such that treatment differences in height and diameter had been greatly reduced 6 years after outplanting. Seedling growth and survival differed between sites, a response resulting from differential soil moisture availability and the nature of competing vegetation of the two planting sites. Shading by more abundant herbaceous and low woody vegetation on a comparatively mesic site likely resulted in greater mortality and less stem growth than on a xeric site during years 1 to 3. However, seedlings that grew to heights sufficient to overtop neighboring vegetation on the mesic site exhibited comparatively greater growth rates in years 4 to 6. As a result, after 6 years, the xeric site was occupied by a relatively large number of small seedlings, while the mesic site was characterized by fewer but larger seedlings.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1993-09-01
    Description: We conducted comparative studies of putative adaptive morphological attributes in seedlings of two drought tolerant forest tree species: post oak (Quercusstellata Wangenh.) and white oak (Quercusalba L.) and two drought-sensitive species: sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and black walnut (Juglansnigra L.). In general, root experiments indicated that seedlings of Quercus species and J. nigra tended to have well-developed taproots and to more rapidly explore deep soil layers than did A. saccharum seedlings. Quercusstellata exhibited a greater capacity than other species for deep root growth. Further, while J. nigra possesses the capacity for vigorous root growth, it also exhibited relatively less root length per unit of leaf area when the soil was moist. When established plants were forced to grow in dry soil, downward root growth was substantially retarded in most species. After several weeks in dry soil, root growth nearly ceased, as seed reserves were depleted and photosynthesis was inhibited by water stress. There was no general redirection of growth to roots when plants were subjected to gradual drying cycles or grown in dry soil. There was no tendency for drought-tolerant species to possess lower rates of cuticular water loss. The species least effective in curtailing water loss after stomatal closure was Q. stellata, the most drought-tolerant species. There were substantial differences among species in leaf abscission responses under drought. Quercus seedlings showed no evidence of water stress induced abscission, even when plants were subjected to severe drought. In contrast, A. saccharum and, particularly, J. nigra seedlings showed substantial leaf abscission under water stress. Production of new leaf area after abscission was observed in non-Quercus species, but was not adequate to compensate for leaf area loss. The results indicated that: (i) very drought-tolerant seedlings of Q. stellata appear to have better relative water supply capacity by roots to leaves than drought-sensitive species in the normal environment presented to newly germinated seedlings; (ii) J. nigra exhibits vigorous root growth after germination that is consistent with its known capacity for stress avoidance, but its allocation of root growth per unit of leaf area is less favorable than the very drought-tolerant Q. stellata; (iii) for this group of species, at least, low cuticular transpiration in water-stressed plants does not appear to be an adaptive trait associated with drought-tolerant species; and (iv) drought-prone sites may present especially detrimental environments for the carbon economy of drought-sensitive species because of the greater probability of recurrent massive leaf abscission.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1988-09-01
    Description: Leaf tissue water relations parameters of well-watered and drought-stressed black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) seedlings were compared using the sap expression and free transpiration pressure–volume analysis techniques. Osmotic potentials at full tissue hydration and at the turgor loss point were higher using the sap expression method for well-watered but not for drought-stressed seedlings. These differences appeared to be related to the percentage of water left uncollected during the sap expression procedure. Osmotic adjustment in response to drought was detected by both methods. Leaf relative water content at the turgor loss point and the symplastic water fraction did not differ between methods. The relationship between bulk tissue elastic modulus (E) and turgor potential estimated by both techniques was not significantly different, although E values derived from sap expression curves for well-watered seedlings were generally higher at a given turgor potential.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1989-05-01
    Description: In a greenhouse experiment, seedlings of Quercusacutissima, Quercusalba, and Quercusstellata were subjected to several lengthy drying cycles or were kept well watered. Three times during the 94-day experiment, samples were obtained for pressure–volume analysis of leaves so that tissue water relations responses to long-term water stress could be assessed. There was a general temporal decline in osmotic potential at full turgor (ψπ0) and at the turgor loss point (ψπp) for well-watered seedlings of all species. In water-stressed seedlings, ψπ0 declined from the first (pre-stress) to second sample dates, but then showed a subsequent increase from the second to third sample dates. Despite this increase in ψπ0, ψπp declined in the latter part of the experiment in water-stressed seedlings because of substantial increases in tissue elasticity. The late-period increase in ψπ0 in water-stressed plants was attributable to declines in solute levels and not to increased osmotic volume, as the latter showed a distinct decrease over the experiment. Although slight reductions in ψπp for water-stressed plants compared with values for well-watered plants were noted for Q. acutissima and Q. alba at the second sample date of the experiment, these differences were not significant. By the experiment's end, ψπp values for plants of both treatments were similar for all species. These results indicate that there is a limit to the capacity for solute accumulation under chronic water stress in Quercus, but that compensatory responses of tissue elastic properties may offset this influence.
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    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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