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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addition of glycinate enolate equivalents to 1,4-benzodiazepine imino phosphates. Preparation of synthetically useful 2-(ethyl glycinat-.alpha.-ylidene)-1,4-benzodiazepines and related derivatives (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 56 (1991), S. 3715-3719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00011a051
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    ALMA imaging of SDP.81 - II. A pixelated reconstruction of the CO emission lines (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: We present a sub-100 pc-scale analysis of the CO molecular gas emission and kinematics of the gravitational lens system SDP.81 at redshift 3.042 using Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) science verification data and a visibility-plane lens reconstruction technique. We find clear evidence for an excitation-dependent structure in the unlensed molecular gas distribution, with emission in CO (5–4) being significantly more diffuse and structured than in CO (8–7). The intrinsic line luminosity ratio is r 8–7/5–4  = 0.30 ± 0.04, which is consistent with other low-excitation starbursts at z  ~ 3. An analysis of the velocity fields shows evidence for a star-forming disc with multiple velocity components that is consistent with a merger/post-coalescence merger scenario, and a dynamical mass of M (〈1.56 kpc) = 1.6 ± 0.6  x  10 10 M . Source reconstructions from ALMA and the Hubble Space Telescope show that the stellar component is offset from the molecular gas and dust components. Together with Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array CO (1–0) data, they provide corroborative evidence for a complex ~2 kpc-scale starburst that is embedded within a larger ~15 kpc structure.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    IJERPH, Vol. 12, Pages 11929-11953: The Effects of Exercising in Different Natural Environments on Psycho-Physiological Outcomes in Post-Menopausal Women: A Simulation Study (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: The current study examined potential psycho-physiological benefits from exercising in simulated natural environments among a sample of post-menopausal women using a laboratory based protocol. Participants cycled on a stationary exercise bike for 15 min while facing either a blank wall (Control) or while watching one of three videos: Urban (Grey), Countryside (Green), Coast (Blue). Blood pressure, heart rate and affective responses were measured pre-post. Heart rate, affect, perceived exertion and time perception were also measured at 5, 10 and 15 min during exercise. Experience evaluation was measured at the end. Replicating most earlier findings, affective, but not physiological, outcomes were more positive for exercise in the simulated Green and, for the first time, Blue environment, compared to Control. Moreover, only the simulated Blue environment was associated with shorter perceived exercise duration than Control and participants were most willing to repeat exercise in the Blue setting. The current research extended earlier work by exploring the effects of “blue exercise” and by using a demographic with relatively low average levels of physical activity. That this sample of postmenopausal women were most willing to repeat a bout of exercise in a simulated Blue environment may be important for physical activity promotion in this cohort.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    A CRISPR screen defines a signal peptide processing pathway required by flaviviruses (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-07
    Description: A CRISPR screen defines a signal peptide processing pathway required by flaviviruses Nature 535, 7610 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18625 Authors: Rong Zhang, Jonathan J. Miner, Matthew J. Gorman, Keiko Rausch, Holly Ramage, James P. White, Adam Zuiani, Ping Zhang, Estefania Fernandez, Qiang Zhang, Kimberly A. Dowd, Theodore C. Pierson, Sara Cherry & Michael S. Diamond Flaviviruses infect hundreds of millions of people annually, and no antiviral therapy is available. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based screen to identify host genes that, when edited, resulted in reduced flavivirus infection. Here, we validated nine human genes required for flavivirus infectivity, and these were associated with endoplasmic reticulum functions including translocation, protein degradation, and N-linked glycosylation. In particular, a subset of endoplasmic reticulum-associated signal peptidase complex (SPCS) proteins was necessary for proper cleavage of the flavivirus structural proteins (prM and E) and secretion of viral particles. Loss of SPCS1 expression resulted in markedly reduced yield of all Flaviviridae family members tested (West Nile, Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and hepatitis C viruses), but had little impact on alphavirus, bunyavirus, or rhabdovirus infection or the surface expression or secretion of diverse host proteins. We found that SPCS1 dependence could be bypassed by replacing the native prM protein leader sequences with a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen leader sequence. Thus, SPCS1, either directly or indirectly via its interactions with unknown host proteins, preferentially promotes the processing of specific protein cargo, and Flaviviridae have a unique dependence on this signal peptide processing pathway. SPCS1 and other signal processing pathway members could represent pharmacological targets for inhibiting infection by the expanding number of flaviviruses of medical concern.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Comparing process-based and constraint-based approaches for modeling macroecological patterns (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: Ecological patterns arise from the interplay of many different processes, and yet the emergence of consistent phenomena across a diverse range of ecological systems suggests that many patterns may in part be determined by statistical or numerical constraints. Differentiating the extent to which patterns in a given system are determined statistically, and where it requires explicit ecological processes, has been difficult. We tackled this challenge by directly comparing models from a constraint-based theory, the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE) and models from a process-based theory, the size-structured neutral theory (SSNT). Models from both theories were capable of characterizing the distribution of individuals among species and the distribution of body size among individuals across 76 forest communities. However, the SSNT models consistently yielded higher overall likelihood, as well as more realistic characterizations of the relationship between species abundance and average body size of conspecific individuals. This suggests that the details of the biological processes contain additional information for understanding community structure that are not fully captured by the METE constraints in these systems. Our approach provides a first step towards differentiating between process- and constraint-based models of ecological systems and a general methodology for comparing ecological models that make predictions for multiple patterns.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 6
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    1,7-Diazaspiro[5.5]undecane – A Neglected Heterocycle (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-27
    Description: Organic Letters DOI: 10.1021/ol402301g
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
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    The growth in size and mass of cluster galaxies since z = 2 (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: We study the formation and evolution of brightest cluster galaxies starting from a z  = 2 population of quiescent ellipticals and following them to z  = 0. To this end, we use a suite of nine high-resolution dark matter only simulations of galaxy clusters in a cold dark matter (CDM) universe. We develop a scheme in which simulation particles are weighted to generate realistic and dynamically stable stellar density profiles at z  = 2. Our initial conditions assign a stellar mass to every identified dark halo as expected from abundance matching; assuming that there exists a one-to-one relation between the visible properties of galaxies and their host haloes. We set the sizes of the luminous components according to the observed relations for z  ~ 2 massive quiescent galaxies. We study the evolution of the mass–size relation, the fate of satellite galaxies and the mass aggregation of the cluster central. From z  = 2, these galaxies grow on average in size by a factor of 5 to 10 and in galaxy mass by 2 to 3. The stellar mass of our simulated BCGs grow by a factor of ~2.1 in the range 0.3 〈 z  〈 1.0, consistent with observations, and by a factor of ~1.4 in the range 0.0 〈 z  〈 0.3. Furthermore, the non-central galaxies evolve on to the present-day mass–size relation by z  = 0. Assuming passively evolving stellar populations, we present surface brightness profiles for our cluster centrals which resemble those observed for the cDs in similar mass clusters both at z  = 0 and at z  = 1. This demonstrates that the CDM cosmology does indeed predict minor and major mergers to occur in galaxy clusters with the frequency and mass ratio distribution required to explain the observed growth in size of passive galaxies since z  = 2. Our experiment shows that brightest cluster galaxies could, in principle, form through dissipationless mergers of quiescent massive z  = 2 galaxies, without substantial additional star formation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Effect of Fluorination of 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: The Journal of Organic Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00430
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    The Campanian quartz 'claystone conundrum of the African Transform Margin (2015)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-25
    Description: An unusual deep-water lithofacies has been penetrated by numerous wells along the equatorial margin of West Africa by Anadarko Petroleum and other operators. An exploration well drilled in 2009 was initially thought to contain very thick, high-quality sands in the Lower Campanian section. Wireline log interpretations calculated the section to be a quartz-rich reservoir rock with 67–83% quartz based on X-ray diffraction analysis and effective porosity values as high as 25%. This petrophysical analysis appeared to differ from the well site geological description of 200 m of ‘claystone’. The conflict between field observations and the interpreted wireline data led to the re-evaluation of earlier wells and interest in gathering data from this unusual lithofacies from subsequent wells. Field observations (from wellsite geologists) derived from this Lower Campanian section have been consistent in describing this lithofacies as ‘claystone’. Sidewall cores from several of the deep-water wells that penetrated this lithofacies were also consistently described as claystones. These descriptions were from visual inspection and conclusions from laboratory analysis utilizing scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, laser particle size analysis and thin section point counts as evaluation tools. The sidewall cores typically contain 〉90% silt- and clay-sized particles with extremely low measured permeability as a result of highly reduced pore throat diameters. With the presence of such small grain sizes, these samples have high measured seal capacities. It is important to recognize that this unusual lithofacies exists and can easily be mistaken for a high-quality, quartz-rich sand when, in fact, it is a very low permeability ‘claystone’ with a high percentage of quartz. Wireline data over this lithofacies alone can be very misleading and rock samples must be analysed to validate or invalidate the log interpretations. Misidentifying this lithofacies as an exploration target could have obvious financial ramifications. The challenge of this regional study was to formulate a model that could explain the presence of this deep-water lithofacies over an extensive area encompassing several basins with different sediment source provenances. Based on well sample analysis, palaeoclimatic research and the use of modern day analogue examples, the deposition of aeolian-derived clay-sized quartz particles is proposed as the most likely source of this lithofacies.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 10
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    Comparing process‐based and constraint‐based approaches for modeling macroecological patterns (2015)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015
    Description: Abstract Ecological patterns arise from the interplay of many different processes, and yet the emergence of consistent phenomena across a diverse range of ecological systems suggests that many patterns may in part be determined by statistical or numerical constraints. Differentiating the extent to which patterns in a given system are determined statistically, and where it requires explicit ecological processes, has been difficult. We tackled this challenge by directly comparing models from a constraint‐based theory, the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE) and models from a process‐based theory, the size‐structured neutral theory (SSNT). Models from both theories were capable of characterizing the distribution of individuals among species and the distribution of body size among individuals across 76 forest communities. However, the SSNT models consistently yielded higher overall likelihood, as well as more realistic characterizations of the relationship between species abundance and average body size of conspecific individuals. This suggests that the details of the biological processes contain additional information for understanding community structure that are not fully captured by the METE constraints in these systems. Our approach provides a first step towards differentiating between process‐ and constraint‐based models of ecological systems and a general methodology for comparing ecological models that make predictions for multiple patterns. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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