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  • 1
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    Ultrastrong and stiff layered polymer nanocomposites (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: Nanoscale building blocks are individually exceptionally strong because they are close to ideal, defect-free materials. It is, however, difficult to retain the ideal properties in macroscale composites. Bottom-up assembly of a clay/polymer nanocomposite allowed for the preparation of a homogeneous, optically transparent material with planar orientation of the alumosilicate nanosheets. The stiffness and tensile strength of these multilayer composites are one order of magnitude greater than those of analogous nanocomposites at a processing temperature that is much lower than those of ceramic or polymer materials with similar characteristics. A high level of ordering of the nanoscale building blocks, combined with dense covalent and hydrogen bonding and stiffening of the polymer chains, leads to highly effective load transfer between nanosheets and the polymer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Podsiadlo, Paul -- Kaushik, Amit K -- Arruda, Ellen M -- Waas, Anthony M -- Shim, Bong Sup -- Xu, Jiadi -- Nandivada, Himabindu -- Pumplin, Benjamin G -- Lahann, Joerg -- Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy -- Kotov, Nicholas A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):80-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Light-controlled self-assembly of semiconductor nanoparticles into twisted ribbons (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: The collective properties of nanoparticles manifest in their ability to self-organize into complex microscale structures. Slow oxidation of tellurium ions in cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanoparticles results in the assembly of 1- to 4-micrometer-long flat ribbons made of several layers of individual cadmium sulfide (CdS)/CdTe nanocrystals. Twisting of the ribbons with an equal distribution of left and right helices was induced by illumination with visible light. The pitch lengths (250 to 1500 nanometers) varied with illumination dose, and the twisting was associated with the relief of mechanical shear stress in assembled ribbons caused by photooxidation of CdS. Unusual shapes of multiparticle assemblies, such as ellipsoidal clouds, dog-bone agglomerates, and ribbon bunches, were observed as intermediate stages. Computer simulations revealed that the balance between attraction and electrostatic repulsion determines the resulting geometry and dimensionality of the nanoparticle assemblies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srivastava, Sudhanshu -- Santos, Aaron -- Critchley, Kevin -- Kim, Ki-Sub -- Podsiadlo, Paul -- Sun, Kai -- Lee, Jaebeom -- Xu, Chuanlai -- Lilly, G Daniel -- Glotzer, Sharon C -- Kotov, Nicholas A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1177218. Epub 2010 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cadmium Compounds/chemistry ; Computer Simulation ; *Light ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Quantum Dots ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Sulfides/chemistry ; Tellurium/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    BNFinder2: Faster Bayesian network learning and Bayesian classification (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-26
    Description: : Bayesian Networks (BNs) are versatile probabilistic models applicable to many different biological phenomena. In biological applications the structure of the network is usually unknown and needs to be inferred from experimental data. BNFinder is a fast software implementation of an exact algorithm for finding the optimal structure of the network given a number of experimental observations. Its second version, presented in this article, represents a major improvement over the previous version. The improvements include (i) a parallelized learning algorithm leading to an order of magnitude speed-ups in BN structure learning time; (ii) inclusion of an additional scoring function based on mutual information criteria; (iii) possibility of choosing the resulting network specificity based on statistical criteria and (iv) a new module for classification by BNs, including cross-validation scheme and classifier quality measurements with receiver operator characteristic scores. Availability and implementation: BNFinder2 is implemented in python and freely available under the GNU general public license at the project Web site https://launchpad.net/bnfinder , together with a user’s manual, introductory tutorial and supplementary methods. Contact : dojer@mimuw.edu.pl or bartek@mimuw.edu.pl Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the modified Hurst orientation transform for the characterization of surface topography of wear particles (1998)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 4 (1998), S. 215-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: wear particles ; surface topography ; Hurst orientation transform ; field emission scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A modified Hurst orientation transform (HOT) method for characterization of wear particle surfaces is proposed and described in this paper. The method involves the calculation of self-affine Hurst coefficients in all directions and displays the calculated coefficient values in a form of rose plot. The calculation of individual Hurst coefficients, H, is based on the rescale range (r/s) analysis (r(d)/s∼ d H ). The rose plot is then used to obtain three texture surface parameters, i.e.: texture aspect ratio, texture minor axis and texture direction. The effectiveness of this modified HOT and resulting surface texture parameters was evaluated. The method was first applied to computer-generated images of isotropic and anisotropic particle fractal surfaces and then to field emission scanning electron microscope images of wear particles found in synovial joints. The ability of the surface parameters to reveal surface isotropy or anisotropy, measure roughness and determine the dominant direction of surface texture was assessed. The effects of measurement conditions such as noise, gain variations and focusing on the surface parameters were also investigated. The results demonstrate that the HOT and surface texture parameters developed can successfully be used in the characterization of wear particle surface topography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019188129186
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
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    New materials through a variety of sintering methods (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-24
    Description: New sintering techniques make it possible to obtain materials with special properties that are impossible to obtain by conventional sintering techniques. This issue is especially important for ceramic materials for application under extreme conditions. Following the tendency to limit critical materials in manufacturing processes, the use of W, Si, B, Co, Cr should be limited, also. One of the cheapest and widely available materials is aluminum oxide, which shows differences in phase composition, grain size, hardness, strain and fracture toughness of the same type of powder, sintered via various methods. In this paper the alumina was sintered using the conventional free sintering process, microwave sintering, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), high pressure-high temperature method (HP-HT) and High Pressure Spark Plasma Sintering (HP SPS). Phase composition analysis, by X-ray diffraction of the alumina materials sintered using various methods, was carried out. For the conventional sint...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Brillouin Light Scattering Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Layer-by-Layer Assembled Cellulose Nanocrystal Films (2010)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-22
    Print ISSN: 0024-9297
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5835
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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