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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MUREX: a land-surface field experiment to study the annual cycle of the energy and water budgets (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 838-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Hydrology (evapotranspiration; soil moisture; water-energy interactions)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The MUREX (monitoring the usable soil reservoir experimentally) experiment was designed to provide continuous time series of field data over a long period, in order to improve and validate the Soil-vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) parameterisations employed in meteorological models. Intensive measurements were performed for more than three years over fallow farmland in southwestern France. To capture the main processes controlling land-atmosphere exchanges, the local climate was fully characterised, and surface water and energy fluxes, vegetation biomass, soil moisture profiles, surface soil moisture and surface and soil temperature were monitored. Additional physiological measurements were carried out during selected periods to describe the biological control of the fluxes. The MUREX data of 1995, 1996, and 1997 are presented. Four SVAT models are applied to the annual cycle of 1995. In general, they succeed in simulating the main features of the fallow functioning, although some shortcomings are revealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0838-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple system for automated long-term Bowen ratio measurement
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 66 (1993), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1923
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(93)90083-T
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root biomass fraction as a function of growth degree days in wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 140 (1992), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomass partitioning ; model ; optimal conditions ; phenology ; relative growth degree day ; root fraction ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Root, underground and above-ground biomass were measured on various wheat cultivars from 1986 to 1988 in the south-east of France. The results are expressed as root: total (f r) or underground: total (f u) biomass fractions. Observed f r and f u values are in good agreement with previous results. f r and f u decrease steadily from emergence to maturity, with an exponential tendency. When using cumulative growth degree days since emergence relative to cumulative growth degree days until ear emergence (θ✻) as time scale, f r and f u can be expressed as simple functions of θ✻% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGceaqabeaacaWGMb% addaWgaaqaaiaadkhaaeqaamaabmaabaGccqaH4oqCdaahaaWcbeqa% aiaacQcaaaaamiaawIcacaGLPaaakiabg2da9iaaicdacaGGUaGaaG% imaiaaiwdacqGHRaWkcaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiwdacaaI4aGaamyzamaa% CaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaac6cacaaI0aGaaGioaiabeI7aXn% aaCaaameqabaGaaiOkaaaaaaaakeaacaWGMbaddaWgaaqaaiaadwha% aeqaamaabmaabaGccqaH4oqCdaahaaWcbeqaaiaacQcaaaaamiaawI% cacaGLPaaakiabg2da9iaaicdacaGGUaGaaGymaiaaikdacqGHRaWk% caaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiIdacaaI4aGaamyzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0% IaaGOmaiaac6cacaaIYaGaaGioaiabeI7aXnaaCaaameqabaGaaiOk% aaaaaaaaaaa!610D!\[\begin{gathered} f_r \left( {\theta ^* } \right) = 0.05 + 0.58e^{ - 1.48\theta ^* } \hfill \\ f_u \left( {\theta ^* } \right) = 0.12 + 0.88e^{ - 2.28\theta ^* } \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] The incremental root biomass partitioning coefficient, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqySde2aaS% baaSqaaiaadkhaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadsgacaWGxbWaaSba% aSqaaiaadkhaaeqaaOGaai4laiaadsgacaWG0bGaaiykaiaac+caca% GGOaGaamizaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaamiDaaqabaGccaGGVaGaamiz% aiaadshacaGGPaaaaa!4834!\[\alpha _r = (dW_r /dt)/(dW_t /dt)\], which describes the net increase in root biomass dW r over time dt relative to the increase in total biomass (dW r) over the same time period, has been derived from f and the relative growth rate. Its time course is accurately represented by% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqySdegdda% WgaaqaaiaadkhaaeqaamaabmaabaGccqaH4oqCdaahaaWcbeqaaiaa% cQcaaaaamiaawIcacaGLPaaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaaicdacaGGUa% GaaGymaiaaiwdacqGHRaWkcaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiAdacaaIZaGaamyz% amaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGimaiaac6cacaaI5aGaaGioaiabeI% 7aXnaaCaaameqabaGaaiOkaaaaaaaaaa!4D15!\[\alpha _r \left( {\theta ^* } \right) = - 0.15 + 0.63e^{ - 0.98\theta ^* } \] Under our experimental conditions, with no severe water stresses or nutrient deficiencies, and for our sampling frequency, around 2 weeks, the development scale θ✻, is the main factor governing the time courses of f r, f u and αr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012815
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily transpiration of field soybeans as related to hydraulic conductance, root distribution, soil potential and midday leaf potential (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 154 (1993), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: hydraulic conductance ; leaf potential ; lower potential limit ; model ; Ohm's law ; plant osmotic potential ; soybean ; soil potential ; water uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The present study aims at characterizing plant water status under field conditions on a daily basis, in order to improve operational predictions of plant water stress. Ohm's law analog serves as a basis for establishing daily soil-plant relationships, using experimental data from a water-limited soybean crop: 227-1. The daily transpiration flux, T, is estimated from experimental evapotranspiration data and simulated soil evaporation values. The difference, 227-2, named the effective potential gradient, is derived from i) the midday leaf potential of the uppermost expanded leaves and ii) an effective soil potential accounting for soil potential profile and an effectiveness factor of roots competing for water uptake. This factor is experimentally estimated from field observation of roots. G is an apparent hydraulic conductance of water flow from the soil to the leaves. The value of the lower potential limit for water extraction, required to assess the effective soil potential, is calculated with respect to the plant using the predawn leaf potential. It is found to be equal to −1.2 MPa. It appears that over the range of soil and climatic conditions experienced, the daily effective potential gradient remains constant (1.2 MPa), implying that, on a daily basis, transpiration only depends on the hydraulic conductance. The authors explain this behaviour by diurnal variation of osmotic potential, relying on Morgan's theory (1984). Possible generalization of the results to other crop species is suggested, providing a framework for reasoning plant water behaviour at a daily time step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012528
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  • 5
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    Preferential cooling of hot extremes from cropland albedo management (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-23
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 1806: Evaluation of the SPARSE Dual-Source Model for Predicting Water Stress and Evapotranspiration from Thermal Infrared Data over Multiple Crops and Climates (2018)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Using surface temperature as a signature of the surface energy balance is a way to quantify the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration and water stress. In this work, we used the new dual-source model named Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration (SPARSE) based on the Two Sources Energy Balance (TSEB) model rationale which solves the surface energy balance equations for the soil and the canopy. SPARSE can be used (i) to retrieve soil and vegetation stress levels from known surface temperature and (ii) to predict transpiration, soil evaporation, and surface temperature for given stress levels. The main innovative feature of SPARSE is that it allows to bound each retrieved individual flux component (evaporation and transpiration) by its corresponding potential level deduced from running the model in prescribed potential conditions, i.e., a maximum limit if the surface water availability is not limiting. The main objective of the paper is to assess the SPARSE model predictions of water stress and evapotranspiration components for its two proposed versions (the “patch” and “layer” resistances network) over 20 in situ data sets encompassing distinct vegetation and climate. Over a large range of leaf area index values and for contrasting vegetation stress levels, SPARSE showed good retrieval performances of evapotranspiration and sensible heat fluxes. For cereals, the layer version provided better latent heat flux estimates than the patch version while both models showed similar performances for sparse crops and forest ecosystems. The bounded layer version of SPARSE provided the best estimates of latent heat flux over different sites and climates. Broad tendencies of observed and retrieved stress intensities were well reproduced with a reasonable difference obtained for most of the points located within a confidence interval of 0.2. The synchronous dynamics of observed and retrieved estimates underlined that the SPARSE retrieved water stress estimates from Thermal Infra-Red data were relevant tools for stress detection.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI
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  • 7
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Pages 573: Impact of the Revisit of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Observations on Evapotranspiration Uncertainty—A Sensitivity Study Using AmeriFlux Data (2019)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Thermal infrared remote sensing observations have been widely used to provide useful information on surface energy and water stress for estimating evapotranspiration (ET). However, the revisit time of current high spatial resolution (〈100 m) thermal infrared remote sensing systems, sixteen days for Landsat for example, can be insufficient to reliably derive ET information for water resources management. We used in situ ET measurements from multiple Ameriflux sites to (1) evaluate different scaling methods that are commonly used to derive daytime ET estimates from time-of-day observations; and (2) quantify the impact of different revisit times on ET estimates at monthly and seasonal time scales. The scaling method based on a constant evaporative ratio between ET and the top-of-atmosphere solar radiation provided slightly better results than methods using the available energy, the surface solar radiation or the potential ET as scaling reference fluxes. On average, revisit time periods of 2, 4, 8 and 16 days resulted in ET uncertainties of 0.37, 0.55, 0.73 and 0.90 mm per day in summer, which represented 13%, 19%, 23% and 31% of the monthly average ET calculated using the one-day revisit dataset. The capability of a system to capture rapid changes in ET was significantly reduced for return periods higher than eight days. The impact of the revisit on ET depended mainly on the land cover type and seasonal climate, and was higher over areas with high ET. We did not observe significant and systematic differences between the impacts of the revisit on monthly ET estimates that are based on morning or afternoon observations. We found that four-day revisit scenarios provided a significant improvement in temporal sampling to monitor surface ET reducing by around 40% the uncertainty of ET products derived from a 16-day revisit system, such as Landsat for instance.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
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    How is water-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems distributed and changing on Earth? (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: A better understanding of ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE) will help us improve ecosystem management for mitigation as well as adaption to global hydrological change. Here, long-term flux tower observations of productivity and evapotranspiration allow us to detect a consistent latitudinal trend in WUE, rising from the subtropics to the northern high-latitudes. The trend peaks at approximately 51°N, and then declines toward higher latitudes. These ground-based observations are consistent with global-scale estimates of WUE. Global analysis of WUE reveals existence of strong regional variations that correspond to global climate patterns. The latitudinal trends of global WUE for Earth's major plant functional types reveal two peaks in the Northern Hemisphere not detected by ground-based measurements. One peak is located at 20° ~ 30°N and the other extends a little farther north than 51°N. Finally, long-term spatiotemporal trend analysis using satellite-based remote sensing data reveals that land-cover and land-use change in recent years has led to a decline in global WUE. Our study provides a new framework for global research on the interactions between carbon and water cycles as well as responses to natural and human impacts. Scientific Reports 4 doi: 10.1038/srep07483
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Water, Vol. 10, Pages 1581: An Improved Method to Estimate Soil Hydrodynamic and Hydraulic Roughness Parameters by Using Easily Measurable Data During Flood Irrigation Experiments and Inverse Modelling (2018)
    MDPI
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Surface irrigation is known as a highly water-consuming system and needs to be optimized to save water. Models can be used for this purpose but require soil parameters at the field scale. This paper aims to estimate effective soil parameters by combining: (i) a surface flow-infiltration model, namely CALHY; (ii) an automatic fitting algorithm based on the SIMPLEX method; and (iii) easily accessible and measurable data, some of which had never been used in such a process, thus minimizing parameter estimation errors. The validation of the proposed approach was performed through three successive steps: (1) examine the physical meaning of the fitted parameters; (2) verify the accuracy of the proposed approach using data that had not been served in the fitting process; and (3) validate using data obtained from independent irrigation events. Three parameters were estimated with a low uncertainty: the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks, the hydraulic roughness k, and the soil water depletion ∆θ. The estimation uncertainty of the soil surface depressional storage parameter H0 was of the same order of magnitude of its value. All experimental datasets were simulated very well. Performance criteria were similar during both the fitting and validation stages.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 10
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    Water, Vol. 9, Pages 614: A Comparative Study of GRACE with Continental Evapotranspiration Estimates in Australian Semi-Arid and Arid Basins: Sensitivity to Climate Variability and Extremes (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Water
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-06
    Description: Water, Vol. 9, Pages 614: A Comparative Study of GRACE with Continental Evapotranspiration Estimates in Australian Semi-Arid and Arid Basins: Sensitivity to Climate Variability and Extremes Water doi: 10.3390/w9090614 Authors: Hong Shen Marc Leblanc Frédéric Frappart Lucia Seoane Damien O’Grady Albert Olioso Sarah Tweed This study examines the dynamics and robustness of large-scale evapotranspiration products in water-limited environments. Four types of ET products are tested against rainfall in two large semi-arid to arid Australian basins from 2003 to 2010: two energy balance ET methods which are forced by optical satellite retrievals from MODIS; a newly developed land surface model (AWRA); and one approach based on observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and rainfall data. The two basins are quasi (Murray-Darling Basin: 1.06 million km2) and completely (Lake Eyre Basin: 1.14 million km2) endorheic. During the study period, two extreme climatic events—the Millennium drought and the strongest La Niña event—were recorded in the basins and are used in our assessment. The two remotely-sensed ET products constrained by the energy balance tended to overestimate ET flux over water-stressed regions. They had low sensitivity to climatic extremes and poor capability to close the water balance. However, these two remotely-sensed and energy balance products demonstrated their superiority in capturing spatial features including over small-scale and complicated landscapes. AWRA and GRACE formulated in the water balance framework were more sensitive to rainfall variability and yielded more realistic ET estimates during climate extremes. GRACE demonstrated its ability to account for seasonal and inter-annual change in water storage for ET evaluation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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