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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ownership and Production Costs: Choosing between Public Production and Contracting-Out in the Case of Swedish Refuse Collection (2003)
    London, UK : The Institute for Fiscal Studies
    Fiscal studies 24 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Many comparisons of public and private firms use a public/private ownership dummy variable to capture cost differences. If, however, public and private firms use different production technologies, the dummy-variable approach is misspecified. Data from public and private firms should not be pooled. Secondly, selectivity bias may arise, making it more difficult to identify cost differentials that actually exist. Thirdly, if data should be pooled, the resulting empirical model may be logically inconsistent. This paper compares public and private firms using the refuse collection costs of 170 firms in 115 Swedish municipalities. First, public production costs were 6 per cent lower than private production costs. Secondly, cost differences did not affect producer choice. It is crucial to adjust for selectivity. Data for private and public firms should not be pooled. The dummy-variable model is misspecified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2003.tb00091.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND WEALTH INEQUALITY (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 44 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Is the decision to become and stay self-employed constrained by access to credit? If this is the case, a more unequal wealth distribution will—for empirically observed distributions–imply more self-employed, since the number of people able to provide collateral will be higher. Swedish data between 1920 and 1992 suggest that wealth inequality and the share of self-employed among those working are positively related. The data, therefore, are consistent with the hypothesis that liquidity constraints are binding on the decision to become and stay self-employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1998.tb00250.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wage Linkages Between Private and Public Sectors in Sweden (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Labour 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9914
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The paper examines wage linkages between private and public sectors in Sweden by means of Granger causality tests and estimation of error correction models. Wage changes in central and local governments are Granger caused by private sector wage changes. Public sector wage increases involve error correction mechanisms; the lower the relative wage in the past, the higher the current wage increases. Increases in unemployment are associated with relative wage improvements for public sector employees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.1992.tb00240.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wages, taxes and publicly provided day care (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 185-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: D72 ; H31 ; H42 ; J13 and J31 ; Key words: Child care ; day care ; female labour supply ; tax base ; public provision of private goods ; topping up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Public employment growth has been parallelled by increased female labour force participation, while real wages for typical female public sector occupations have not increased. In a theoretical model we, first, show that there is a tradeoff between day care provision and gross wages for occupations for which day care is a complement. It is possible to combine increased public labour demand with public day care provision leaving the wage unaffected. Second, non-parents will be in favour of increasing day care as long as day care productivity is higher than the inverse of the tax rate. This is because the effective labour supply and, therefore, the tax base increase. Third, parents want to push day care provision even further. They are prepared to accept a lower day care productivity than non-parents because day care provision relaxes the constraint on their desired labour supply. The Pareto efficient day care provision is between parents‘ and non-parents‘ preferred levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050064
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-run relations between private and public sector wages in Sweden (1994)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 19 (1994), S. 343-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: C32 ; E24 ; J31
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Using a maximum likelihood cointegration approach we find two long-run relationships between central government, local government, and private sector wages in Sweden. This means that there is one common trend for the three sectoral wages. Private sector wages are weakly exogenous for the estimation of the long-run relationships. This suggests that the private sector is the wage leader. Testing linear restrictions on the estimated cointegrating space, we reject stationarity for the three relative wages using likelihood ratio-tests. The hypotheses of homogeneity for the two cointegrating vectors, i.e., that wages do not diverge in the long run, is also rejected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01205942
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Working time, employment, and work sharing: Evidence from Sweden (2000)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 25 (2000), S. 169-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Key words: Work sharing, maximum likelihood cointegration, employment, hours per worker, real wages ; JEL classification: E24, J22, J23
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. We study three questions which are important for work sharing to increase employment. First, is there a negative long-run relation between working time and employment? Second, are hours per worker exogenous with respect to wages and employment? Third, can policy makers influence actual hours per worker? We formulate a theoretical model for employment, hours per worker, production, and real wages. A VAR model with cointegrating constraints is estimated by maximum likelihood using Swedish private sector data 1970:1–1990:4. We find (i) no long-run relation between hours per worker and employment, (ii) that hours per worker are endogenous with respect to the estimation of long-run parameters, and (iii) that legislated working time and hours per worker are related to each other in the long run.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810050009
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  • 7
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    The Impact of Inheritances on Heirs' Labor and Capital Income (2012)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-17
    Description: The objective of this paper is to study when and how much labor and capital income of heirs respond to inheritances. We estimate fixed effects models following direct heirs, inheriting in 2004, during the years 2000--2008 using Swedish panel data. Our first main result is that the more the heir inherits, the lower her labor income becomes. This labor income effect appears in the years after the heir had inherited and is stronger for old heirs than for young heirs. We also find evidence of anticipation effects that occur before the actual transfer. Our second main result is that the more the heir inherits, the higher her capital income becomes. This effect only appears in the years after receiving the inheritance. It seems to be dissipating after a couple of years.
    Electronic ISSN: 1935-1682
    Topics: Economics
    Published by De Gruyter
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  • 8
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    Inherited Wealth over the Path of Development: Sweden, 1810–2016 (2019)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-19
    Description: We estimate the importance of inherited wealth in Sweden over the past 200 years. Inheritance is measured both as the annual inheritance flow divided by national income and as the share of inherited wealth in all private wealth. In the 19th century, Sweden differs from France and the United Kingdom in having much lower inheritance–income flows, but at the same time exhibiting equally large shares of inherited wealth in total wealth. This pattern is in line with Sweden at the time being a poor country with low domestic capital accumulation, but at the same time exhibiting high economic growth rates. In the 20th century the importance of inheritance in relation to national income fell, but since the 1990s it has increased rapidly, today reaching almost the same levels as a century ago. The share of inherited wealth in total wealth has also fallen over time, but remains relatively low due to a rapid accumulation of new wealth. We study potential determinants and explanations, pointing especially to Swedish welfare-state institutions, and in particular to the development of an extensive public occupational pension system contributing to keeping private inheritance low.
    Print ISSN: 1542-4766
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-4774
    Topics: Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Tax Compliance and Loss Aversion (2015)
    American Economic Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-01
    Description: We study if taxpayers are loss averse when filing returns. Preliminary deficits might be viewed as losses assuming zero preliminary balances as reference points. Swedish taxpayers can to try to escape such losses by claiming deductions after receiving information about the preliminary balance. Using a regression kink and discontinuity approach, we study data for 3.6 million Swedish taxpayers for 2006. There are strong causal effects of preliminary tax deficits on the probability of claiming deductions. Compliance will increase and auditing costs will be reduced if preliminary taxes are calibrated so that most taxpayers receive refunds. (JEL H24, H26)
    Print ISSN: 1945-7731
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-774X
    Topics: Economics
    Published by American Economic Association
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