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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 33 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The degradation rate of the herbicide flumetsulam was examined in Hoytville clay soil at five temperatures and optimal moisture. Half-lives were 246 days at 7.5°C, 115 days at 15.0°C, 49 days at 26.1°C, 34 days at 35.9°C, and 27 days at 44.0°C. Construction of an Arrhenius diagram (In k = -Ea/RT+In A) allowed the rate constant k to be calculated for any temperature T. When k was inserted into the first order rate equation (c = c0-kt), the concentration of flumetsulam could be calculated on a monthly basis for any soil.Predictions from this theoretical model were compared with data from three US field locations and found to accurately predict soil residues of flumetsulam under favourable moisture conditions, but not during periods of drought. Degradation dans le sol du flumetsulam à differentes temperatures au laboratoire et en plein champ Le taux de dégradation de l'herbicide flumetsulam a étéétudié dans un sol argileux de Hoytville à 5 temperatures et à l'humidité optimale. Les demi-vies ont été de 246 jours à 7,5°C, 115 jours à 15°C, 49 jours à 26,1°C, 34 jours à 35,9°C et 27 jours à 44°C. L'établissement d'un diagramme d'Arrhenius (In k= Ea/RT+ln A) a permis de calculer le taux constant k à chaque température. Quand k est inserré dans la première partie de l'équation (c = c0e_kt), la concentration de flumetsulam peut être calculée sur une base mensuelle dans n'importe quel sol. Les prévisions de ce modèle théorique ont été comparérs avec des données de plein champ américaines, et on a noté que ces prévisions étaient correctes sous humidité favorable mais non pendant les périodes de sécheresse. Abbau von Flumetsulam im Boden bei ver-schiedenen Temperaturen unter Labor-und Freilandbedingungen Die Abbaurate des Herbizids Flumetsulam wurde bei 5 Temperaturstufen und optimalem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt in einem Hoytville-Ton-boden untersucht. Die Halbwertszeiten waren 246 Tage bei 7,5 °C, 115 Tage bei 15,0 °C, 49 Tage bei 26,1 °C, 34 Tage bei 35,9 °C und 27 Tage bei 44,0 °C. Die Anwendung der Ar-rhenius-Gleichung ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Abbau-Konstante k bei jeder Temperatur T. Wenn k in die Abbaugleichung nach Kinetik 1. Ordnung eingefügt wird, können Flumet-sulam-Konzentrationen auf einer monatlichen Basis für jeden Boden abgeleitet werden. Vorhersagen nach diesem Modell wurden mil Rückstandswerten von 3 Standorten in den USA verglichen, wobei sich eine gute Übereinstimmung der beobachteten und simulierten Werte unter günstigen Feuchte-bedingungen ergab, nicht jedoch fur Trocken-perioden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 30 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fluroxypyr-MHE (methylheptyl ester) was added to four soils and incubated at 26 ± 1°C and approximately 0.1 MPa moisture. After initial rapid hydrolysis of the ester to fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr degraded with half-lives of 12, 12, 23, and 7 days in Barnes loam, Catlin silt loam, Hanford sandy loam, and Mhoon clay soils, respectively. Two metabolites (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-pyridin-2-ol and 4-amino-3, 5-dichloro - 6 - fluoro - 2 -methoxypyridine) were identified, with the pyridinol at its maximum concentration after 2 to 4 weeks of incubation, and the methoxypyridine after 8 weeks. Degradation rates of fluroxypyr and its pyridinol were not significantly altered by diurnally varying soil temperature (21°C to 32°C) or moisture, nor by the presence of growing grass. Methoxypyridine dissipation was more rapid under greenhouse conditions, suggesting that laboratory studies underestimated the dissipation rate of this metabolite.
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