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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in some photosynthetic properties of Ceratonia siliqua (carob tree) leaves under natural conditions (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 86 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rates of photosynthesis and leaf conductance of the leaves of carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua L.) growing in natural conditions were measured during the course of the seasons to define the effects of the main climatic factors limiting growth in the region: temperature during the winter and water in the summer. The highest photosynthetic rates were measured in spring and autumn and could reach 25 μmol m−2 s−1 with optimal temperature and available water. Due to lower temperatures (4 to 6°C in the night) these values were frequently around 15 μmol m−2 s−1 during winter, but the strongest depression was due to prolonged drought in summer. However a reduction in photosynthesis rate down to 5 μmol m−2 s−1 occurred only after depletion of all the available water in the soil layer up to a depth of 50 cm. In the end of the summer, leaf conductance and water potential were in the order of 20 mmol m−2 s−1 and −3 MPa respectively. Compared to other trees that make up the Mediterranean sclerophyll forest, the photosynthetic activity of carob is high, and the tree tolerates a considerable depletion of soil water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb01333.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, survival, lipid and fatty acid profile of juvenile monaco shrimp Lysmata seticaudata fed on different diets (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The present work evaluated the effect of three inexpensive diets (frozen minced mussel and edible cockle (MMC), frozen minced squid (MS) and gilthead seabream feed (GSF)) on growth, survival, sex reversal, lipid classes and fatty acid (FA) profile of juvenile ornamental shrimp Lysmata seticaudata. Shrimp fed GSF displayed the highest survival rate (±SD) (85.2±1.8%) and the highest percentage (±SD) of shrimp changing from male to simultaneous hermaphrodite (SH) phase (25.2±2.2%). All diets promoted growth rates superior to those reported in the wild, with SH shrimp displaying higher total lengths (TL). Shrimp in SH phase fed GSF displayed the highest TL (±SD) (40.6±1.2 mm). Cultured shrimp reflected the lipid content of experimental diets, with shrimp fed GSF displaying the highest triacylglycerols and sterols (ST) contents. The higher rearing density induced by lower mortality rates of shrimp fed GSF, and the high ST levels present in the diet, may explain the higher proportion of shrimp in SH phase. The higher levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) displayed by MS did not promote higher survival or growth rates. The low polyunsaturated fatty acids and HUFA content of MMC was not reflected in cultured shrimp, probably because of a selective retention of these FA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01235.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for acclimation to seasonal drought in Ceratonia siliqua leaves (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 77 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plants of Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob tree) were subjected to a slow cycle of soil water depletion in summer and in winter. Recently mature and fully turgid leaves were squeezed in a pressure chamber in order to analyse changes in the components of water potential related to the acclimation to drought. Mathematical expressions were fitted to the primary data in order to calculate the elasticity modulus and the dependence of turgor pressure on relative osmotic water content. Osmotic and water potentials decreased significantly in leaves acclimated during the summer (about 0.7 and 0.9 MPa decrease, respectively) whereas in winter the elastic properties of the wall had changed: modulus of the non-stressed leaves was 26 MPa compared to 7.5 MPa in leaves subjected to drought stress. The results indicate that Ceratonia leaves can, to some extent, maintain turgor under situations of soil drought, using different strategies according to the season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05991.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical, Microbiological, and Sensory Quality of Cod Products Salted in Different Brines (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Studies were carried out on the effect of different brines containing high concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2, 0.8%w/w), magnesium chloride (MgCl2, 0.4%w/w), and potassium chloride (KCl, 50%) on the chemical (chloride and moisture contents), microbial (total viable counts, total coliforms, enterococci, and staphylococci), and sensory quality of salted cod. The brines were prepared from combinations of the Ca, Mg, and K ions and sodium chloride (NaCl) at pH 6.5 and 8.5. Additionally, 3 salts (one composed solely of NaCl, another commercial sea salt from the southern Europe and, finally, a natural salt from northern Europe) were also tested. Principal component analysis structured the chemical and microbiology data in 3 clusters: (1) an extreme cluster, formed by cod brined in the commercial sea salt, which achieved the highest microbiological counts, namely 4.1 log CFU/g on plate count agar (PCA) and 1250 coliforms/g; (2) an intermediate cluster composed of cod salted in brine containing 50% NaCl, 0.4% MgCl2, and 49.6% KCl (pH 6.5); and (3) a central cluster, including all the other treatments, which presented the lowest microbiological counts, namely 2.4 log CFU/g on PCA and 20 coliforms/g. Although the batches of the intermediate cluster presented slightly higher total viable and staphylococci counts than the central cluster, the presence of Mg and K ions improved the color of the salted product. In the assayed concentrations, CaCl2, MgCl2, and KCl can be used in the brining of cod without adversely affecting the microbiological and sensory quality of the salted cod.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09039.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combinatorial chemoprevention of intestinal neoplasia (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 6 (2000), S. 1024-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A combination of two drugs afforded remarkable protection from intestinal neoplasia in APCMin/+ mice, a murine model of human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). One of the drugs was sulindac, a prototypical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with established chemopreventative activity. The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/79534
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  • 6
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    tartan underlies the evolution of Drosophila male genital morphology (2019)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-04
    Description: Male genital structures are among the most rapidly evolving morphological traits and are often the only features that can distinguish closely related species. This process is thought to be driven by sexual selection and may reinforce species separation. However, while the genetic bases of many phenotypic differences have been identified, we still lack knowledge about the genes underlying evolutionary differences in male genital organs and organ size more generally. The claspers (surstyli) are periphallic structures that play an important role in copulation in insects. Here, we show that divergence in clasper size and bristle number between Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans is caused by evolutionary changes in tartan (trn), which encodes a transmembrane leucine-rich repeat domain protein that mediates cell–cell interactions and affinity. There are no fixed amino acid differences in trn between D. mauritiana and D. simulans, but differences in the expression of this gene in developing genitalia suggest that cis-regulatory changes in trn underlie the evolution of clasper morphology in these species. Finally, analyses of reciprocal hemizygotes that are genetically identical, except for the species from which the functional allele of trn originates, determined that the trn allele of D. mauritiana specifies larger claspers with more bristles than the allele of D. simulans. Therefore, we have identified a gene underlying evolutionary change in the size of a male genital organ, which will help to better understand not only the rapid diversification of these structures, but also the regulation and evolution of organ size more broadly.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Azadirachtin, a neem-derived biopesticide, impairs behavioral and hematological parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio) (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-08
    Description: ABSTRACT Azadirachtin (Aza) is a promisor biopesticide used in organic production and aquaculture. Although this compound is apparently safe, there is evidence that it may have deleterious effects on fish. Behavioral and hematological tests are grouped into a set of parameters that may predict potential toxicity of chemical compounds. Here, we investigate the effects of Aza, in the commercial formulation Neenmax ™ , on carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) by defining LC 50 (96 h), and testing behavioral and hematological parameters. In our study, LC 50 was estimated at 80 μL/L. We exposed carp to Aza at 20, 40, and 60 μL/L, values based on 25, 50, and 75% of LC 50 , respectively. At 60 μL/L, Aza promoted significant changes in several parameters, increasing the distance traveled and absolute turn angle. In addition, the same concentration decreased the time spent immobile and the number of immobile episodes. Hematological parameters, such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, hematimetrics index, and red cell distribution, were decreased at 60 μL/L Aza exposure. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that 60 μL/L Aza altered locomotor activity, motor pattern, and hematological parameters, suggesting potential toxicity to carp after acute exposure. In addition, this is the first report that evaluates the actions of a chemical contaminant using automated behavioral tracking of carp, which may be a useful tool for assessing the potential toxicity of biopesticides in conjunction with hematological tests. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    IJERPH, Vol. 13, Pages 386: Children’s Exposure to Radon in Nursery and Primary Schools (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The literature proves an evident association between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer, even at low doses. This study brings a new approach to the study of children’s exposure to radon by aiming to evaluate exposure to indoor radon concentrations in nursery and primary schools from two districts in Portugal (Porto and Bragança), considering different influencing factors (occupation patterns, classroom floor level, year of the buildings’ construction and soil composition of the building site), as well as the comparison with IAQ standard values for health protection. Fifteen nursery and primary schools in the Porto and Bragança districts were considered: five nursery schools for infants and twelve for pre-schoolers (seven different buildings), as well as eight primary schools. Radon measurements were performed continuously. The measured concentrations depended on the building occupation, classroom floor level and year of the buildings’ construction. Although they were in general within the Portuguese legislation for IAQ, exceedances to international standards were found. These results point out the need of assessing indoor radon concentrations not only in primary schools, but also in nursery schools, never performed in Portugal before this study. It is important to extend the study to other microenvironments like homes, and in time to estimate the annual effective dose and to assess lifetime health risks.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
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    First genetic characterization of non‐native Daphnia lumholtzi Sars, 1885 in Brazil confirms North American origin (2018)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Anthropogenic translocations are the main vectors of intercontinental invasions. Molecular tools have been important in the study of biological invasions, helping to identify the source of non‐native species mainly when these species are rapidly colonizing the new territories. The aims of this study were: (i) to characterize genetic sequences of the Daphnia lumholtzi population in Brazil (Upper Paraná River floodplain) for the first time; (ii) to compare these sequences with available sequences at GenBank; and (iii) to contribute new sequences of gene 12S from D. lumholtzi. Specimens were collected from a lake of the Paraná River for gene comparison (COI and 12S sequences). Genetic sequences from populations outside Brazil were obtained from GenBank. D. lumholtzi specimens sequenced in this study are genetically close to populations from the United States and Mexico and considerably distant from Australian populations. Our data confirm that populations present in the Paraná River floodplain probably came from the United States, where they arrived through introduction of African fish. The genetic similarity between our specimens and populations from Mexico and the morphological discrepancy between them reinforces the importance of molecular analysis for accurate identification of a species and its origin.
    Print ISSN: 1434-2944
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2632
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Dietary Tools To Modulate Glycogen Storage in Gilthead Seabream Muscle: Glycerol Supplementation (2012)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-16
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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