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  • 1
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    Joint Effects of Fragmentation and Mercury Contamination on Marsh Periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) Movement (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-07
    Description: There are different ways contaminants can interact and enhance the effects of habitat fragmentation, such as modifying the movement of organisms. The present study tested the hypothesis that mercury exacerbates the effects of fragmentation by affecting the movement of the marsh periwinkle Littoraria irrorata and reducing the probability of snails crossing fragmented microlandscape experimental systems. How these changes could affect the search efficiency of organisms in the long term was assessed using hidden Markov models and random walks simulations. Bayesian nonlinear models were used to analyze the effects of fragmentation and contamination on the mean speed and mean directional change of organisms. Snail movement for control and two mercury‐exposure treatments were recorded in microlandscapes with six different levels of habitat cover and three landscape replicates. The results indicated that exposed organisms had lower probabilities of crossing the landscape, reduced speed, and shifts in step length distributions. Both mercury exposure and habitat fragmentation affected the movement of the marsh periwinkle. Mercury exacerbated the effects of habitat fragmentation by affecting the cognition (e.g., route planning, orientation, and spatial learning) and movement of L. irrorata. Hence, the interaction of these stressors could further reduce the functional connectivity of landscapes and reduce the search efficiency of organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1742–1753. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
    Description: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322
    Keywords: ddc:577.2
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESTIMATING MEAN AND VARIANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES WITH BELOW DETECTION LIMIT OBSERVATIONS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 25 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Left-censoring of data sets complicates subsequent statistical analyses. Generally, substitution or deletion methods provide poor estimates of the mean and variance of censored samples. These substitution and deletion methods include the use of values above the detection limit (DL) only, or substitution of 0, DL/2 or the DL for the below DL values during the calculation of mean and variance. A variety of statistical methods provides better estimators for different types of distributions and censoring. Maximum likelihood and order statistics methods compare favorably to the substitution or deletion methods. Selected statistical methods applicable to left-censoring of environmental data sets are reviewed with the purpose of demonstrating the use of these statistical methods for coping with Type I (and Type II) left-censoring of normally and log-normally distributed environmental data sets. A PC program (UNCENSOR) is presented that implements these statistical methods. Problems associated with data sets with multiple DLs are discussed relative to censoring methods for life and fatigue tests as recently applied to water quality data sets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05406.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead elimination and size effects on accumulation by two freshwater gastropods (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 12 (1983), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Freshwater gastropods,Physa integra andCampeloma decisum, inhabiting a small reservoir with elevated levels of lead displayed widely differing soft tissue lead concentrations. Analysis of environmental factors did not fully explain these differences. Several physiological characteristics of the two gastropods were examined. The influence of snail size on concentrations of naturally-accrued lead was examined as was the rate of lead elimination from the two species. Lead concentrations inP. integra were independent of animal size, while those ofC. decisum were described by the curvilinear model:μg Pb/g dry wt=2.29(g dry wt)−0.25. Naturally-accrued lead inP. integra was eliminated rapidly during the first four days of clearance but slowly thereafter; a portion of the lead is apparently bound strongly. In contrast, no significant change in lead concentration of gravid or nongravidC. decisum occurred during a three to four week period in which the animals were maintained in a lead-free environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054997
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow accumulation of lead from contaminated food sources by the freshwater gastropods,Physa integra andCampeloma decisum (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 12 (1983), S. 685-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rates of lead accumulation from contaminated food sources were examined for the fresh-water gastropods,Physa integra andCampeloma decisum. Lead was slowly accumulated fromaufwuchs (0.52–0.87 Μg Pb/g dry wt of tissue/day) by the grazing snail,P. integra while no statistically significant lead accumulation from sediments was noted in the deposit/suspension feeder,C. decisum. Aufwuchs-associated iron and manganese did not affect the bioavailability of lead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060752
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time to death of mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) during acute inorganic mercury exposure: Population structure effects (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Times-to-death (TTD) of mother and offspring mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were examined during acute exposure to mercury concentrations of approximately 1.0 mg/L. Median TTD were more similar for fish sharing a common mother (defined herein as a sibship) and microhabitat during maturation than between sibships. Field populations may exhibit structure similar to that of these sibships. Correlations between broods (or other population subunits) and allozyme genotype could be responsible for transient, genotype effects noted during electrophoretic surveys attempting to measure population level response to toxicants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212087
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size-dependence of mercury (II) accumulation kinetics in the mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 18 (1989), S. 819-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Size-dependence of mercury (II) accumulation from water by the mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis was assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. Uptake rates were higher for smaller fish than for larger fish. Mean (±S.D.) uptake rate for mosquitofish exposed to 0.24 μg/L of Hg was 0.32 ± 0.15 μg/g dry wt/day. Uptake rate constants were similar for the Hg (II) and Hg° as reported elsewhere. Both inorganic species (Hg (II) and Hg°) were accumulated faster than methylmercury. Elimination rate constants averaged 0.53∓0.14 per day (mean ± 1 S.D.). No significant size effects on elimination rate constants were detected. Elimination constants were similar to those reported elsewhere for Hg° elimination but larger than those for methylmercury elimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160295
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allometric relationship between oxygen consumption and body weight of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (1989)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 24 (1989), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Metabolic rate ; Fish ; Size ; Poeciliidae ; Respirometry ; Precision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The allometric relationship between body size and oxygen consumption of Gambusia affinis at 28° C was determined under controlled experimental conditions, using a manometric respirometer. The allometric exponent (b-value) was 0.64 ± 0.02 S.E. (n = 51). Oxygen consumption was not influenced by any time-related factors during the 17 days of measurements. Variance between replicated oxygen consumption trials on individual fish was negligible. Specific oxygen consumption rates of several G. affinis at 28° C that were determined by using a sealed vessel and O2 electrode respirometry method were similar to the rates measured by the manometric respirometry method in similar-sized G. affinis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001400
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in concentrations of glycolysis and Krebs cycle metabolites in mosquitofish,Gambusia holbrooki, induced by mercuric chloride and starvation (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 34 (1992), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Poeciliidae ; Metabolism ; Stress ; Mercury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Concentrations of glycolysis and Krebs cycle metabolites in the tail tissues of mosquitofish,Gambusia holbrooki, were measured in response to starvation and to exposure to 0.62 mg Hg l−1 (as HgCl2) for 48 h. In control fish, starvation caused decreased concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate (GO, −58%) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P, −79%). Mercury exposure resulted in decreased concentrations of G6P (− 56%) and F6P (− 79%), and to increased concentrations of pyruvate (+ 75%), α-ketoglutarate (+ 41%), succinate (+ 39%), and malate (+ 47%). Krebs cycle activity increased in response to mercury exposure, perhaps in response to greater energy needs associated with maintaining homeostasis under stressful conditions. We conclude that glycolytic activity is reduced in fish exposed to mercury and that this response is similar to that caused by a cessation of feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004779
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations of trace elements in dissolved and suspended loads for coal ash ponds and pond effluents (1985)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 26 (1985), S. 111-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Determinations were made of the concentrations of elements in solution and in suspended solids of a settling basin/creek system receiving bottom ash, cyclone ash, fly ash and electrostatic precipitator ash. The concentrations of As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn as well as physico-chemical parameters were compared for multiple sites in the basin/creek system and a pond without ash inputs from autumn to late summer. Comparison with published results obtained 6 to 7 yr earlier would show no significant change. Chemical speciation calculations indicate that most of the elements remain in the free hydrated or sulfate form throughout the study period. Copper and Fe exhibit some shifts in the concentrations of the hydroxy and carbonate complexes in responses to seasonal and biological factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292062
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sigmoid models for the uptake, concentration and effects of metals in consumer organisms (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 57-58 (1991), S. 691-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The uptake, concentration and effects of metals contamination in consumer organisms have been successfully described with the flexibly-shaped Richards sigmoid model. This model allows the simultaneous estimation of: (1) final asymptotic level of contaminant uptake or body growth, (2) the time required to approach asymptote, and (3) the particular path or trajectory taken by the function in approaching asymptote within the designated time. Analyses using the Richards model have shown that data for a variety of contaminants fail to conform to the shape of the classic monomolecular model and rather show an initial lag in the early uptake rate. In effects studies, the use of the Richards model to analyze body growth data from waterfowl exposed to dietary intake of Cd and other contaminants has shown that growth curve shape is more likely to change in response to contaminant intake than are either final asymptotic levels or the times required for asymptotes to be attained. Failure to consider such changes in growth curve shape could cause significant errors in the identification of growth responses to contaminant intake stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282933
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