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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Magmatic processes : physicochemical principles ; a volume in honor of Hatten S. Yoder (1987)
    University Park, Pa. : The Geochemical Society
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: G 8976
    In: Special publication
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 500 S.
    ISBN: 0941809005
    Series Statement: Special publication / The Geochemical Society 1
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure of Silicate Melts (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 11 (1983), S. 75-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.000451
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrogenesis of eclogites in high grade metamorphic gneisses, exemplified by the Hareidland eclogite, western Norway (1972)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 36 (1972), S. 73-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The eclogite on Hareidland, western Norway, is among the largest eclogite bodies yet described. It occurs as a sheet-like body folded together with the surrounding metasedimentary gneisses of the basal gneiss complex of western Norway. The maximum surface extension of the body is about 6 km with the width varying between 0.2 and 1.5 km. Relations between bulk chemical variation and mineralogical variation suggest that the mafic rock now found as eclogite probably crystallized as a gabbroic rock. Field and mineralogical evidence suggests simultaneous later metamorphism of the gabbro and the surrounding gneisses at a temperature and load pressure near 625±30°C and 14 kb. The temperature estimate is based on a “thermometer” which uses the distribution coefficient, $${\text{K}}_{{\text{ga}} - {\text{cpx}}}^{{\text{Fe}}^{{\text{2 + }}} - {\text{Mg}}}$$ . Whole rock Rb-Sr dating indicates about 1700 m.y. as the age of the metamorphism of the gneisses and therefore also the age of the eclogite. The Sr87/Sr86-ratios of a few biotite and amphibole-rich samples suggest a later partial Rb-Sr homogenization (Caledonian?) of the gneisses on Hareidland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372836
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicate melts at magmatic temperatures: in-situ structure determination to 1651°C and effect of temperature and bulk composition on the mixing behavior of structural units (1994)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 117 (1994), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The abundance of coexisting structural units in K-, Na-, and Li-silicate melts and glasses from 25° to 1654°C has been determined with in-situ micro-Raman spectroscopy. From these data an equilibrium constant, Kx, for the disproportionation reaction among the structural units coexisting in the melts, Si2O5(2Q3)⇔SiO3(Q2)+SiO2(Q4), was calculated (Kx is the equilibrium constant derived by using mol fractions rather than activities of the structural units). From ln Kx vs l/T relationships the enthalpy (ΔHx) for the disproportionation reaction is in the range of-30 to 30 kJ/mol with systematic compositional dependence. In the potassium and sodium systems, where the disproportionation reaction shifts to the right with increasing temperature, the ΔHx increases with silica content (M/Si decreases, M=Na, K). For melts and supercooled liquids of composition Li2O·2SiO2 (Li/Si=1), the ΔHx is indistinguishable from 0. By decreasing the Li/Si to 0.667 (composition LS3) and beyond (e.g., LS4), the disproportionation reaction shifts to the left as the temperature is increased. For a given ratio of M/Si (M=K, Na, Li), there is a positive, near linear correlation between the ΔHx and the Z/r2 of the metal cation. The slope of the ΔHx vs Z/r2 regression lines increases as the system becomes more silica rich (i.e., M/Si is decreased). Activity coefficients for the individual structural units, γi, were calculated from the structural data combined with liquidus phase relations. These coefficients are linear functions of their mol fraction of the form γi=a lnX i+b, where a is between 0.6 and 0.87, and X i is the mol fraction of the unit. The value of the intercept, b, is near 0. The relationship between activity coefficients and abundance of individual structural units is not affected by temperature or the electronic properties of the alkali metal. The activity of the structural units, however, depend on their concentration, type of metal cation, and on temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307725
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five clinopyroxenes in the Hareidland eclogite, Western Norway (1972)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 34 (1972), S. 315-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Five clinopyroxenes can be distinguished on petrographic and chemical grounds in the Hareidland eclogite. Of these, three are omphacites. It is suggested that all three were originally of the same composition and that their present chemical differences are due to differences in their immediate chemical environments during retrograde metamorphism of the eclogite. The other two clinopyroxenes are symplectitic, and chemically vary from sodic augite to jadeite-poor omphacite. They were formed by exsolution of a sodic component (sodic plagioclase) from a parental omphacite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373761
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of iron redox ratios in silicate glasses determined by wet-chemical and 57Fe Mössbauer resonant absorption methods (1985)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 90 (1985), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Fe3+/Σ Fe of twenty-nine experimentally formed, iron-bearing silicate glasses has been determined by wet-chemical and Mössbauer spectroscopic methods from 5–10 mg individual splits of 20–40 mg experimental run products. The wet-chemical and Mössbauer analyses were conducted in two separate laboratories (University of California, Berkeley, and the Geophysical Laboratory, respectively). The Fe3+/Σ Fe ranges from less than 0.2 to 0.96, and the total iron oxide content of the samples, from 2.2 to 34.7 wt %, added as Fe2O3. The interlaboratory comparison shows 70% of the Fe3+/ΣFe analyses from the two methods within the quoted uncertainties (±1 σ) of each other and 83% of the analyses within ±2 σ of each other. Replicate analyses in the current data set result in variations within ±1 σ. These uncertainties are similar to those obtained from several hundred Fe3+/Σ Fe analyses of reequilibrated natural rock and simple system compositions carried out with identical analytical methods in the two laboratories. There is no systematic bias in the results from either of the two techniques. The Fe3+/Σ Fe of silicate glasses can be analyzed, therefore, with equal confidence by either the wet-chemical or the Mössbauer spectroscopic method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378253
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  • 7
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    Raman Spectroscopy of SiO2Glass at High Pressure (1986)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-11
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 8
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    Very large differences in intramolecular D-H partitioning in hydrated silicate melts synthesized at upper mantle pressures and temperatures (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Hydrated (with D 2 O and H 2 O) sodium tetrasilicate glasses, quenched from melts at 1400 °C and 1.5 GPa, are studied using 1 H, 2 H, and 29 Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Whereas D 2 O and H 2 O depolymerize the silicate melt to similar degrees, protium and deuterium intramolecular partitioning between different molecular sites within the glasses is very different and exemplified by a strong preferential association of deuterons to sites with short O-D...O distances. This preference is independent of total water content and D/H ratio. Substantially different intramolecular D-H partitioning is also observed in a glass with a model hydrous basalt composition. Such large differences in isotope partitioning cannot result from classic equilibrium fractionation because of the high synthesis temperature. Potential kinetic isotope effects are excluded via a slow quench experiment. The apparent fractionation is likely governed by density/molar volume isotope effects, where deuterium prefers sites with smaller molar volume. Large differences in intramolecular site partitioning in melts could lead to significant differences in D-H partitioning between water-saturated melt and exsolved aqueous fluid (where D/H W,Melt != D/H W,Fluid ) during crystallization of Earth’s magma ocean, potentially controlling the D/H content of the Earth’s oceans.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 9
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    Alkali influence on the water speciation and the environment of protons in silicate glasses revealed by 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: Water can form different chemical bonds with the ionic entities composing silicate melts. Because of that, its influence on the physico-chemical properties of magmas can vary with silicate composition and water content, temperature, and pressure. To further our understanding of how silicate chemical composition governs proton distribution in magmas, the environment of protons in hydrous alkali (Li, Na, K) silicate glasses was varied as a function of the type of alkali metal and total water content. From 1 H MAS NMR spectroscopy, H + are distributed among five different structural environments in alkali silicate glasses. One of these environments is in the form of H 2 O molecules (H 2 O mol ). The four others are the proton environments associated with Si-OH bonding, and perhaps also with M-OH bonding (with M = Li, Na, or K). Those environments differ in their O-O distance and extent of hydrogen bonding. H 2 O mol species are located in an environment with an O-O distance of ~290 pm. OH – groups are in environments with O-O distances from 240 to 305 pm. The ionic radius of the alkalis, and hence their ionic field strength, determines the fraction of water dissolved as H 2 O mol and OH – groups, as well as the distribution of protons in the various OH – environments. The mean volume of the H + oxygen coordination sphere was calculated using the 1 H + NMR signal intensity and the mean O-O distance around H + . Increasing ionic radius of the alkali metal in silicate glasses results in a decrease of this mean volume. The partial molar volume of water in the corresponding melts determined through other technics seems to vary in a comparable way. Therefore, the chemical composition of silicate melts may control the partial molar volume of dissolved water because of its influence on the structural environment of protons. This probably also plays a role in determining water solubility.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 10
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    The effect of H2O on F and Cl solubility and solution mechanisms of in aluminosilicate melts at high pressure and high temperature (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: Effects of H 2 O on the solution behavior of fluorine and chlorine in peralkaline sodium aluminosilicate glasses quenched from melts at high temperature (1400 °C) and pressure (1.5 GPa) were studied by combining solubility measurements and Raman spectroscopy. With increasing H 2 O content from 0 to ~10 wt%, the fluorine solubility increases from 3.3 to 4.4 mol% in Al-free glasses and from 6.3 to 9.3 mol% in Al-rich glasses (10 mol% Al 2 O 3 ). In contrast, in the same H 2 O concentration range the chlorine solubility decreases from 5.7 to 3.4 mol% in Al-free glasses and from 3.6 to 1.7 mol% in Al-rich glasses. In Al-free glasses, interaction between H 2 O and the silicate to depolymerize the network is Q 4 + H 2 O Q 2 (H) and Q 3 + H 2 O Q 2 (H). The effect of water on silicate melt structure is different in halogen-bearing melts because in hydrous melt systems both F and Cl can act to depolymerize the melt further. For fluorine, this is accomplished via formation of Si-F, Al-F, and Na-F bonding in addition to Si-OH, whereas in chlorine-bearing hydrous melts, there is no interaction between Si 4+ and Cl – . The halogen solubility in the magmatic liquid influences mineral/melt partition coefficients of chlorine and fluorine and implies partition coefficients different from unity. Moreover because of the contrasting effects of H 2 O on fluorine and chlorine solubility, the Cl/F ratio in magmas formed in water-rich environments such as subduction zones can be a sensitive indicator of H 2 O content during arc magmas genesis. Transport properties of melts, such as diffusion and viscosity, also vary differently in halogen-bearing hydrous melts compared with halogen-free systems. Moreover, those effects on melt properties are the strongest in F-bearing systems.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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