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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of osmotic stress on the growth of epicotyls of Cicer arietinum in relation to changes in the autolytic process and glycanhydrolytic cell wall enzymes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 87 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Simulation of drought by polyethylene glycol (PEG) inhibited elongation of epicotyls of Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana but had no effect on growth capacity since growth was restored once the inhibitory condition had been removed. The amount of proteins in the cell wall was correlated with the elongation of the epicotyls and decreased when elongation was inhibited. PEG-induced inhibition of elongation had different effects on the various glycanhydrolytic cell wall enzymes. Only α-galactosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 22) seemed related to the lack of elongation, increasing its activity when elongation was inhibited. The β-galactosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 23) and β-glucosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 21) studied did not show changes in their specific activities during the inhibition of elongation. β-Galactosidase is responsible for the autolytic process in Cicer arietinum. This enzyme hydrolyzes specified linkages in the cell wall, releasing sugar constituents. Our present results show that β-galactosidase is not directly related with elongation because no changes could be observed during inhibition of elongation. The autolytic process is related with chemical processes taking place in the cell wall and preceding elongation of the epicotyls, i. e. the loosening process. Cell wall loosening is necessary for elongation to take place but elongation does not necessarily follow loosening if the osmotic conditions are unfavorable
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb02505.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of osmotic stress on the growth of epicotyls of Cicer arietinum in relation to changes in cell wall composition (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 87 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The inhibition of growth by polyethlene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress led to modifications in the changes taking place in cell wall composition during normal growth of epicotyls of Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana. Epicotyls growing under normal conditions showed a decrease in the amount of pectic fractions and an increase in the hemicellulosic fractions and α-cellulose that led to an increase in the rigidity and a loss in growth capacity. Among the hemicellulosic fractions, the KI-2 fraction (insoluble fraction of 10% KOH-extracted hemicelluloses) seemed to be the only one related to the elongation process and subsequent rigidity. During normal growth a decrease was observed in the total amount of galactose, mainly from the pectic fractions. The inhibition of elongation led to an increase in the amount of the cell walls, due to inhibition of cellular elongation. PEG prevented the increase in the hemicelluloses and the α-cellulose, indicating that these changes were related to elongation. Thus, during the inhibition of elongation there is probably an inhibition of new synthesis that prevents cell wall rigidity and maintains cell wall growth capacity. Changes in the pectic fractions during growth were not affected by the inhibition of elongation, showing that these fractions are related to cell wall loosening rather than to elongation. Study of the cell wall composition confirms the idea that the autolytic process is regulated by changes in the cell wall structure during epicotyl growth
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb02506.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A seedling specific vegetative lectin gene is related to development in Cicer arietinum (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 114 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plant lectins are a group of glycoproteins with the ability to recognize and bind carbohydrate ligands. Seed lectins function as storage and defense proteins, but the specific function of vegetative lectins is uncertain. In this paper we describe the characterization of a clone, CanVLEC, encoding a vegetative lectin from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana). The expression of the CanVLEC gene was specific in seedlings, mostly in hooks and elongating epicotyls, and no expression was detected in adult plants. The level of chickpea vegetative lectin transcripts in epicotyls decreased through the epicotyl growth suggesting a relationship to development. Treatment with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and brassinolides (BR), hormones that promoted elongation in chickpea epicotyl, increased the level of CanVLEC mRNA, supporting a relationship to growth. CanVLEC is drastically down regulated by water deficit ruling out its possible involvement in plant response to water stress, unlike other vegetative lectins. CanVLEC protein may be targeted to an extracellular location owing to the presence of a signal peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140416.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of two cDNAs encoding metallothionein-like proteins during growth of Cicer arietinum epicotyls (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 104 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study was undertaken to identify and characterize clones whose expression increase during Cicer arietinum epicotyl growth. Two cDNAs encoding two different plant metallothionein (MT)-like proteins have been isolated from a cDNA library from epicotyls of Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana. The CanMT-1 deduced protein appears to have the typical structure of type 1 MT where all Cys residues are in Cys-X-Cys motifs, while the CanMT-2 has the typical structure of type 2 MT having Cys-Cys and Cys-X-X-Cys motifs within the N-terminal domain. Both chickpea CanMTs are up-regulated during epicotyl growth, showing increased expression in mature tissues, mostly CanMT-1, which is undetectable in young epicotyls. Accordingly, stem of chickpea plants displayed the highest level of CanMT-1 expression in the basal internode, with reduced growth, decreasing towards the apex. Osmotic stress by PEG, which inhibited growth, and ABA treatment induced the expression of MT-like genes, which points to a relationship between chickpea MTs and ABA-mediated stress response. Unlike CanMT-2, CanMT-1 is induced in chickpea epicotyls by cadmium indicating a different function for both clones. We conclude that these MT-like proteins, in particular CanMT-1, are regulated by the developmental stage and may participate in cell maturation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040216.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cDNA encoding a proline-rich protein from Cicer arietinum. Changes in expression during development and abiotic stresses (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 102 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The proline-rich proteins (PRPs) form a class of plant cell wall structural proteins. The expression of PRP genes is organ- and tissue-specific and it is induced in response to wounding, infection and other stress conditions, but the role of these proteins in the cell wall during development and stress has not yet been established. Our objective was the characterization of a cDNA clone, termed CanPRP, isolated from a cDNA library of growing epicotyls of Cicer arietinum, and the study of the relationship between its expression and cell wall modifications during growth. CanPRP differential expression was analysed by northern blot through epicotyl growth, under different growth conditions and in different organs of chickpea. CanPRP encodes a putative PRP that contains 15 alternating pentapeptide repeats: Pro-Pro-Val-Tyr-Lys and Pro-Pro-Val-Glu-Lys, typical features of cell wall PRPs. The levels of PRP transcripts are almost undetectable in young epicotyls and increase during epicotyl growth, with the highest levels of expression found once growth begins to cease and the cell wall starts to strengthen. Accordingly, the stem of chickpea displays the highest level of expression in the basal internode, with reduced growth, decreasing towards the apex. Expression of the CanPRP clone was induced by osmotic and saline stress which inhibited growth. We conclude that the protein deduced from the CanPRP clone participates in the cell wall-hardening process in either the stress-mediated inhibition of growth or when cell growth ceases as development takes place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1020413.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall structure regulates the autolytic process throughout growth of Cicer arietinum epicotyls (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 83 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The autolytic process in epicotyl cell walls of Cicer arietinum L. cv. Castellana, and also the hydrolysis of heat-inactivated cell walls as mediated by a cell wall β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) (named βIII and previously characterized as responsible for the autolysis), are maximal on the fourth day of germination and coincide with the maximal growth capacity. They decrease during the following days, in which the growth rate diminishes. In both cases, no differences were observed in the percentages of the different sugars released, galactose being the principal one. The βIII fraction from aged epicotyl cell walls hydrolyzed young walls in proportion to its specific activity, and more efficient than when cell walls from aged material were used as the substrate. The βIII fraction from 4 day-old epicotyls (the time for maximal autolysis) was incapable of hydrolyzing aged epicotyl cell walls to the same extent as young ones. These results, together with the levels and activity of the enzyme throughout growth, allow the assumption that the variations in the autolysis and hydrolysis caused by βIII during growth processes are due to structural modifications in the cells walls, modifications that would limit access of the enzyme to its substrate, thus impeding the release of galactose, even though the enzyme is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02484.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two growth-related organ-specific cDNAs from Cicer arietinum epicotyls (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 35 (1997), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chickpea ; epicotyls ; growth ; tissue-specific gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNAs, CanST-1 and CanST-2, encoding two different growth-related organ-specific sequences have been isolated from a cDNA library from growing epicotyls of Cicer arietinum. An intriguing property of these two clones is the presence in their coding region of a repeated sequence which is highly conserved except for the number of repeats. The corresponding genes of CanST-1 and CanST-2 encode for proteins related to elongation processes. CanST-1 and CanST-2 are up-regulated during epicotyl growth, the transcript levels of both clones decrease when the growth of epicotyls is inhibited by several treatments and their expression increases when epicotyls resume growth. Furthermore, clones CanST-1 and CanST-2 are tissue-specific and are only expressed in epicotyls, mesocotyls, roots and stem tissues whose cells undergo elongation processes. Neither clone was found to be expressed in other organs such as cotyledons, leaves, flowers, pods and immature seeds. The results of auxin (IAA) and brassinolides (BR) treatments suggest that the processes in which the proteins encoded by CanST-1 and CanST-2 are involved are not mediated by these hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005892531385
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassinolides promote the expression of a new Cicer arietinum β-tubulin gene involved in the epicotyl elongation (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 807-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: brassinolides ; β-tubulin ; Cicer arietinum ; epicotyls ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone, CanTUB, encoding a putative β-tubulin protein was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from 5-day old chickpea (Cicer arietinum) epicotyls. Analysis of its deduced amino acid sequence showed all the typical structural motifs of plant β-tubulins. Putative sequences for autoregulation and tubulin mRNA stability, GTP and Ca2+/MAPs (microtubule-associated proteins) binding sites were present. Southern blot analysis of chickpea genomic DNA revealed that there are multiple β-tubulin genes. The level of expression of β-tubulin genes was correlated with the rate of growth in either seedlings and adult plants. The transcript levels of β-tubulin genes were higher in actively elongating tissues such as etiolated epicotyls, roots and stem tissues of adult plants. Brassinolide-induced growth in chickpea epicotyls was accompanied by promotion of the expression of the gene coding for β-tubulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006013718429
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Tolmetin Antinociceptive Effect in the Rat Using an Indirect Response Model: A Population Approach (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 26 (1998), S. 547-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: tolmetin, pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling ; mechanism-based analysis ; population approach ; analgesia ; NONMEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the pharmacokinetics and the antinociceptive effect of tolmetin was characterized by an indirect model using a population approach. Animals received an intra-articular injection of uric acid in the right hindlimb to induce its dysfunction. Once dysfunction was complete, rats received an oral tolmetin dose of 1, 3.2, 10, 31.6, 56.2, or 100mg/kg and antinociceptive effect and blood tolmetin concentration were simultaneously evaluated. Tolmetin produced a dose-dependent recovery of functionality, which was not directly related to blood concentration. An inhibitory indirect response model was used based on these response patterns and the fact that tolmetin reduced nociception by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data were simultaneously fitted using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM) to the one-compartment model and indirect response model. The individual time courses of the response were described using Bayesian analysis with population parameters as a priori estimates. There was good agreement between the predicted and observed data. Population analysis yielded a maximal inhibition of the nociceptive response of 76% and an IC50 of 9.22 μg/ml. This IC50 is similar to that for tolmetin-induced prostaglandin synthesis inhibition in vitro (3.0 μg/ml). The present results demonstrate that mechanism-based PK-PD analysis using a population approach is useful for quantitating individual responses as well as reflecting the actual mechanism of action of a given drug in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023273100270
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 in neuron primary cultures and established cell lines (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 29 (1997), S. 453-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) is a heterotrimeric protein with subunits α, β and γ that forms a ternary complex with Met-tRNA and GTP. It promotes the binding of Met-tRNA to ribosomes and controls translational rates via phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms. By means of immunofluorescence and post-embedding immunocytochemistry of intact cells and quantitative immunoblotting of cell extracts, the cellular distribution of the initiation factor has been examined in primary neuronal cultures as well as in two established cell lines: PC12 phaeochromocytoma cells and rat pituitary GH4C1 cells. Our results indicated that the initiation factor is located not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nuclei of the cultured neurons and cell lines. In the cytoplasm, immunocytochemical studies reveal that the factor is present mainly in those areas that are rich in ribosomes. In the nucleus, the immunolabelling of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 verified the presence of gold particles in both nucleolar and extranucleolar areas. The specific distribution of this factor on both sides of the nuclear envelope suggests that it might have some nuclear-related function(s) besides its already known role in the control of translation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026455421490
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