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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Remote sensing of active volcanism (2000)
    Washington, DC : American Geophysical Union
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 5/M 00.0496
    In: Geophysical monograph
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 272 S.
    ISBN: 0875900992
    Series Statement: Geophysical monograph 116
    Classification:
    Petrology, Petrography
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea, Hawaii, July 1991 (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 284-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Lava flow field ; Landsat Thematic Mapper ; flux density map ; Kilauea ; lava tubes ; east rift zone ; flow emplacement chronology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (〉3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 μm) pixels (each ∼900 m2), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (∼7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of ∼1.3 km2) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total∼16 km2). The production of an ‘average flux density map’ from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of Wm-2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (〉5000 Wm-2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302081
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thick lava flows of Karisimbi Volcano, Rwanda: insights from SIR-C interferometric topography (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 60 (1998), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Karisimbi ; Virunga ; Viscous lava flows ; Lava rheology ; Remote sensing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  We use a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from interferometrically processed SIR-C radar data to estimate the thickness of massive trachyte lava flows on the east flank of Karisimbi Volcano, Rwanda. The flows are as long as 12 km and average 40–60 m (up to 〉140 m) in thickness. By calculating and subtracting a reference surface from the DEM, we derived a map of flow thickness, which we used to calculate the volume (up to 1 km3 for an individual flow, and 1.8 km3 for all the identified flows) and yield strength of several flows (23–124 kPa). Using the DEM we estimated apparent viscosity based on the spacing of large folds (1.2×1012 to 5.5×1012 Pa s for surface viscosity, and 7.5×1010 to 5.2×1011 Pa s for interior viscosity, for a strain interval of 24 h). We use shaded-relief images of the DEM to map basic flow structures such as channels, shear zones, and surface folds, as well as flow boundaries. The flow thickness map also proves invaluable in mapping flows where flow boundaries are indistinct and poorly expressed in the radar backscatter and shaded-relief images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050230
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volcanic input to the atmosphere from Alba Patera on Mars (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 330 (1987), S. 354-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Generalized map of Alba Patera (modified from ref. 5), showing the area from 32.5° N to 47.5° N and 100.0° W to 122.5° W. The two summit calderas are indicated by arrows. The distribution of graben that almost enclose Alba Patera are outlined. Shaded areas are the locations ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/330354a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of martian rampart craters (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 272 (1978), S. 691-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Preliminary results from a morphological analysis of the lobate flows around martian rampart craters are presented. The areal dispersal of these deposits displays a proportionally greater maximum range for the lobe as the size of the parent crater increases. It is proposed that lobe formation is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/272691a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital topography of volcanoes from radar interferometry: an example from Mt Vesuvius, Italy (1993)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 55 (1993), S. 566-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Volcano toporaphy ; digital elevation models ; Vesuvius ; radar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new airborne radar technique can generate digital topographic data for volcanoes at a scale of 10 m spatial and 1–5 m vertical, with a swath width of ∼6.4 km. Called TOPSAR, the intrument is an interferometric radar flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. TOPSAR data permit the quantification of volcano slopes, volumes, and heights, and as such will be valuable for the analysis of lava flows, domes, and lahar channels. This instrument will be flown over several volcanoes in the near future, providing volcanologists with valuable data sets for the analysis of high-resolution topography. We briefly illustrate the potential use of TOPSAR data through examples from Mt Somma and Vesuvius, Italy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301809
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature of an active lava channel from spectral measurements, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words: temperature measurements ; lava flows ; spectral measurements ; Hawaii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. A narrow band spectroradiometer was used to determine the characteristic temperatures of a very active channeled lava flow for the phase 50 eruption of Pu'u 'O'o on the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. During the twilight of 19 February 1992, 14 spectra of this activity were acquired over a 51 minute interval [18.29 to 19.20 Hawaiian Standard Time (HST)], from which the thermal distribution of energy of two 18 m2 areas, one near the center and one near the margin of the flow, may be investigated. A two-component thermal mixing model applied to the data taken of the center of the channel gave, in the most powerful instance (1.8×105 W/m2), a crust temperature of 940°  C, a hot component temperature of 1120°  C and a hot radiating area of 60% of the total area. A simultaneous spectrum acquired near the channeled flow margin yielded a crust temperature of 586°  C and a hot area of only 1.2% of the total area radiating at 1130°  C. Average radiant flux densities recorded for the center of the lava channel (1.3×105 W/m2 average) are much greater than previous measurements of lava lakes (4.9×103 W/m2) or recently emplaced lava flows (maximum of 7.2×104 W/m2). The energetic nature of this eruption is shown by satellite measurements made at 02.33 HST on 22 February 1992 by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer in Band 2 (0.72–1.10 μm). These show the utility of using existing satellites with moderate resolution (1 km×1 km pixels) and high temporal coverage (eight overpasses each day for Hawaii) as potential thermal alarms for rapidly assessing the hazard potential of large volcanic eruptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302082
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the Olympus Mons Caldera, Mars (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 54 (1992), S. 347-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Synoptic images of the Martian volcano Olympus Mons are of a quality and quantity that are unique for mars and, somewhat surprisingly, are appreciably better than image data that exist for many volcanoes on Earth. Useful information about the evolution of shield volcanoes on Earth can thus be derived from the investigation of this extraterrestrial example. We have used shadow-length measurements and photoclinometrically derived profiles to supplement and refine the topographic map of the Olympus Mons caldera. As much as 2.5 km of collapse took place within the 80×65 km diameter caldera and the elevation of the caldera rim varies by almost 2.0 km (low around the oldest collapse events, high around the youngest). An eight-stage evolutionary sequence for the caldera of Olympus Mons is identified which shows that caldera subsidence was a longterm process rather than the near-instantaneous event that has been interpreted from comparable terrestrial examples. Tectonic features on the caldera floor indicate a transition from an extensional environment (graben formation) around the perimeter of the caldera to compression (ridge formation) towards the caldera center. This transition from a compressional to extensional environment is surprisingly sudden, occurs at a radial distance of ∼17 km from the caldera center, and is import because it can be used to infer that the magma chamber was relatively shallow (thought to be at a depth of 〈∼16 km beneath the caldera floor; Zuber and Mouginis-Mark 1990). Ample evidence is also found within the Olympus Mons caldera for solidified lava lakes more than 30 km in width, and for the localzed overturning and/or withdrawal of lava within these lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312318
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of lava effusion rates from Landsat TM data (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 60 (1998), S. 52-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words TM ; Lava flow ; Thermal flux ; Effusion rates ; AVHRR ; Pu'u 'O'o ; Kupaianaha
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  We present a thermal model to calculate the total thermal flux for lava flowing in tubes, on the surface, or under shallow water. Once defined, we use the total thermal flux to estimate effusion rates for active flows at Kilauea, Hawaii, on two dates. Input parameters were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), field and laboratory measurements. Using these parameters we obtain effusion rates of 1.76±0.57 and 0.78±0.27 m3 s–1 on 23 July and 11 October 1991, respectively. These rates are corroborated by field measurements of 1.36±0.14 and 0.89±0.09 m3 s–1 for the same dates (Kauahikaua et al. 1996). Using weather satellite (AVHRR) data of lower spatial resolution, we obtain similar effusion rates for an additional 26 dates between the two TM-derived measurements. We assume that, although total effusion rates at the source declined over the period, the shut down of the ocean entry meant that effusion rates for the surface flows alone remained stable. Such synergetic use of remotely sensed data provides measurements that can (a) contribute to monitoring flow-field evolution, and (b) provide reliable numerical data for input into rheological and thermal models. We look forward to being able to produce estimates for effusion rates using data from high-spatial-resolution sensors in the earth observing system (EOS) era, such as Landsat 7, the hyperspectral imager, the advanced spaceborne thermal emission spectrometer, and the advanced land imager.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050216
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GOES satellite and field observations of the 1998 eruption of Volcan Cerro Azul, Galápagos Islands (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 62 (2000), S. 188-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Remote sensing ; GOES ; Galápagos Islands ; Volcan Cerro Azul
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The 1998 eruption of Volcan Cerro Azul, Isla Isabela, Galápagos Islands, was observed in near real-time by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8 (GOES-8) weather satellite. Due to the remote location of the eruption site, 3.9-μm radiance values derived from GOES band 2 provide the best timing of the start and termination of the eruption, which occurred on 15 Sept. and 21 Oct., respectively. Throughout the 36-day long eruption, a total of 1335 thermal infrared images were collected, of which 851 were cloud-free and permitted the thermal anomaly to be detected. A detailed chronology including 77 separate events was assembled from the GOES data and field observations. Numerous attributes of the eruption were observed from the GOES data, including the sizes and dispersal of seven eruption plumes and the occurrence and timing of intra-caldera effusive activity. The growth of a lava flow on the SE flank, the formation of smoke and volcanic haze from the flank vent, and burning of vegetation caused by lava flows entering vegetated areas were monitored both on the ground and with the satellite data. In most cases GOES images were processed as they were received every 30 min and were then distributed over the Internet within minutes of reception. These data provided timely high-temporal information to field parties as well as enabled the documentation of the eruption. The GOES observations of Cerro Azul serve as a further example of the way in which the remote sensing community and field volcanologists can collaborate during future eruptions, and permit the temporal and spatial resolution requirements for future satellites systems to be better defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450000078
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