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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental disorders constitute about 13% of the global burden of disease surpassing both cardiovascular disease and cancer. The total cost worldwide of these diseases is estimated to exceed 100 million disability-adjusted life years. In order to begin to address this important problem, the present Research Topic brings together a group of leading affective neuroscience researchers to present their state-of-the-art findings using an affective neuroscience approach to investigate the spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders from patients to those at risk. They focus on different aspects of the emotional and social cognitive disturbances which are core features of neuropsychiatric disorders. While progress has been slow over last couple of decades, we are finally beginning to glimpse some of the underlying neural mechanisms of the emotional and social cognitive disturbances in patients and those at risk. With the technological advances in affective neuroscience and neuroimaging presented in this volume, we hope that progress will be much swifter in the coming years such that we can provide better care for patients and those at risk.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; stress ; reward processing ; Neuropsychiatry ; Affective Neuroscience ; Pleasure ; impulsivity ; Anhedonia ; computational neuroscience ; compulsivity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 5 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Several small bodies of metabasite (maximum dimensions of 1000 m x 500 m) are included in the metamorphic rocks of the Nevado-Filabride Complex in the Betic Cordilleras (Almeria Region). The body of 400 m x 100 m, located 200 m due west of the Lubrin village, contains troctolitic gabbro with well-preserved igneous textures and mineral compositions, wholly amphibolitized gabbro, garnet-bearing metagabbro eclogite. Along with the textural and mineral changes, sensible and regular geochemical variations can be observed, where the content of MgO decreases from 24% to 11%, while that of CaO and Na2O increases from 7% to 11% and from 2% to 3%, respectively. In addition, the content of some minor elements such as Sr, Y, Nb, Zr and Sc increases while that of Ni and Cr decreases from troctolitic gabbro to the eclogite. The amphibolitized gabbro shows values scattered around those of the troctolitic gabbro. These geochemical variations are ascribed to inherited differences in the pre-metamorphic protolith, i.e. a fractionated gabbro which varies from olivine-rich to clinopyroxene-rich gabbro. Nevertheless, some metasomatism affected the Lubrin body without changing the main chemical trends, as documented by the significantly different 87Sr/86Sr ratios of each rock-type. This points to a metasomatism which involved the introduction of crustal radiogenic strontium. The petrographical and mineral chemical features are interpreted to be the result of syn-metamorphic fluid circulation possibly combined with deformation by shearing. The igneous texture and mineral chemistry have been retained wherever both fluid circulation and shearing were ineffective. On the contrary, where both events were effective, the formation of eclogite occurred. Later, the entire body underwent a retrogressive amphi-bolitic stage under greenschist facies conditions, which was probably responsible for the formation of the amphibolitized gabbro portion and for the retrogression of the eclogite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 2 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Clinopyroxenes and garnets from 11 blueschist-facies Fe-rich eclogite samples from the Voltri Group show a wide range of chemical compositions. Detailed analyses of single pyroxene and garnet grains show wide and scattered chemical inhomogeneity, the KD(KD= (Fe2+/Mg)Gt/(Fe2+/Mg)Cpx) ranges from 20 to 87 based on rim analyses only. The data obtained indicate that the mineral pairs never attained equilibrium under uniform P-T conditions and that the compositions of the metamorphic minerals were influenced mainly by the composition of the pre-metamorphic minerals and by topotactical reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 23 (1976), S. 39-50 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a fait des analyses chimiques, aux rayons X, optiques, termiques et à la microsonde électronique, de six chlorites, provenant de roches granitiques italiennes, dérivées par action hydrothermale sur des biotites. Les résultats montrent que cinq chlorites sont ripidolites-brunsvigites, du polytype IIb, et donc, de températures élevées. Seulement une est une thuringite, polytype Ib (β=90°), typique de températures basses. La découverte de ce dernièr polytype, jamais cité dans la litérature, en roches granitiques, laisse prévoir la possibilité plus vaste d'employer le polytypisme des chlorites dans l'étude des phénomènes tard-magmatiques.
    Notes: Summary Chemical, X-ray, optical, thermal and microprobe analyses have been carried out on six chlorites from Italian granitoid rocks formed as a result of deuteric action on biotites. The data show that five chlorites, spanning ripidolite-brunsvigite fields, are IIb polytypes and therefore of high temperature origin. Only one sample is a thuringite, Ib (β=90°) polytype, typical of low temperature. The occurrence of this last polytype, never mentioned in the literature from granitoid rocks, suggests a wider possibility for using chlorite polytypism in studying the late magmatic phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Sensor review 18 (1998), S. 97-107 
    ISSN: 0260-2288
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Laser imaging and ranging systems offer 3-D imaging of video quality at distances four to five times greater than conventional video and photographic systems. The Spotmap system is based on the laser radar approach, using a pulsed green solid state laser as a transmitter and detecting the time-of-flight and peak intensity of the reflected pulses. Images and maps of underwater scenes are obtained by scanning the laser beam across the objects in a raster pattern using a two-axis optical scanner. The system can be used both in linescan and 2D scan modes of operation such that images can be obtained either from the linear movement of the remotely operated vehicle or from a stationary position. The system has a 908 cross-track FOV and is capable of processing 8,000 points per second, which gives an imaging resolution comparable to video at ROV speeds up to 2m/s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 82 (1993), S. 51-66 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Tectono-magmatic evolution ; Plutonic bodies ; Giudicarie line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Tectonized slices of foliated quartz-diorite/ quartz-gabbro rocks are exposed along the north Giudicarie line between Dimaro and Rumo (Western Trentino region, north-east Italy). They show geochemical and mineralogical similarities with the north-east corner of the Adamello batholith (Presanella pluton) and may be regarded as a northern apophysis lamella of Adamello. The intrusive bodies were emplaced within the Adria crust at a relatively shallow depth (approximately $$P_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} $$ equal to 3 kbar) along a proto-Giudicarie line under transtensive conditions during late Oligocene. Only near Rumo has contact metamorphism on the Austroalpine basement been observed, whereas in other outcrops it has been tectonically removed by later movements along the Giudicarie line. In the Samoclevolamella a magmatic flow texture, which developed during the emplacement of a crystal mush at shallow depth, is recorded by the preferred alignment of plagioclase and hornblende. A solid state foliation, outlined by quartz crystal aggregates, green hornblende and biotite, has been observed mostly in the Rumolamella. This indicates that a later ductile deformation, which developed under decreasing temperatures, overprinted the intrusive rocks. This deformation probably reflects late Oligocene strike-slip movements along the Tonale and Giudicarie lines. Finally semi-brittle to brittle deformation overprints the foliated igneouslamellae producing cataclasites and pseudotachylites. Sometimes these structures are subsequently cut by prehnite and epidote bearing veins. During this event, the intrusivelamellae were decoupled from their contact aureole and carried over the Insubric Flysch of the southern Alps. This last tectonic phase may be correlated to the Upper Miocene neo-Alpine transpressive event along the Giudicarie Line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Chromhaltige Spinelle 21 ultramafischer Knollen aus einem Basanit von San Giovanni Ilarione (SGI), Region Veneto, Italien, wurden nach texturellen und chemischen Gesichtspunkten in fünf Gruppen eingeteilt: 1. Interstitiell, von Silikaten umgeben, mit einem durchschnittlichen Cr/(Cr + Al)-Verhältnis von 0,11.2. In Umwandlungstaschen und -gängchen, in Kontakt entweder mit Silikaten oder mit Umwandlungsprodukten, zoniert mit Mg/(Mg + Fe2+), Cr und Ti vom Kern zum Rand zunehmend, Al aber abnehmend. 3. Im Kontakt zum Basalt oder vom Basalt umgeben, aber von den Körnern der Grundmasse verschieden. Die ersteren sind stark zonar, während die Letzteren, die als Xenokrysten angesehen werden, relativ homogen sind. Beide gehören zu einem Trend, welcher von jenem der Gruppe 2 verschieden ist. 4. Simplektitisch, mit Pyroxenen verwachen und homogen, oder im Kontakt zu Plagioklas und/oder Reaktionsprodukten und von variablerer Zusammensetzung ab die ersteren. Beide sind allgemein reicher an Cr als alle anderen Spinelltypen und sie definieren einen Trend parallel zu und mit höheren Cr/(Cr + Al)- und Cr- Werten als jene von Gruppe 3. 5. Körner der Grundmasse des Wirtsbasaltes, die niedrigere Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)- und Cr/(Cr + Al)- Werte und höhere Fe-Werte zeigen als alle anderen Typen. Die Spinelle der Gruppe 1 und die Kerne der Spinelle der Gruppen 2 und 3 zeigen sehr ähnliche Zusammensetzungen, die auf einen gemeinsamen Ursprung hinweisen, der später modifiziert wurde durch Ereignisse wie partielles Schmelzen, fest-flüssig-Reaktionen und subsolidus-Reaktionen, die vor, wärend und nach der Wechselwirkung mit dem Wirtsbasalt stattfanden. Die Spinelle der Gruppen 2 und 3 definieren Trends, die von einer gemeinsamen Zusammensetzung und damit von einem gemeinsamen Ursprung her auseinanderlaufen Spinelle der Gruppe 4 entstanden wahrscheinlich durch Entmischung, die nach Bildung der Ursprungsspinele eintrat, während die Spinelle der Gruppe 5 zu denen der Gruppen 1 bis 4 in keiner direkten Beziehung stehen.
    Notes: Summary Chrome-bearing spinels in 21 ultramafic nodules contained in a basanite from San Giovanni Ilarione (SGI), Veneto Region, Italy, have been grouped from a textural and chemical standpoint into five types: (1) Interstitial, surrounded by silicates, homogeneous, with a Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio averaging 0.11; (2) Within alteration pods and veinlets, in contact with either silicates or alteration products, showing zonation with Mg/(Mg + Fe2+), Cr, and Ti increasing and Al decreasing from core to rim; (3) In contact with the basalt or surrounded by basalt but distinct from ground-mass grains. The former are strongly zoned while the latter, referred to as xenocrysts, are relatively homogeneous. Both belong to a trend distinct from that of (2); (4) Symplectic, intergrown with pyroxenes and homogeneous, or in contact with plagioclase and/or reaction products and showing more variable composition than the former. Both are generally richer in Cr than all other spinet types and define a trend parallel to and with higher Cr/(Cr + Al) and Cr values than that of (3); and (5) groundmass grains within the host basalt, showing lower Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) and Cr/(Cr + Al), and higher Fe values than for all other, types. Group 1 spinels and the cores of group 2 and group 3 spinets display very similar compositions, suggesting a common origin, modified by later events such as partial melting, solid-liquid reactions, and subsolidus reactions which occurred prior to, during, and subsequent to interaction with the host basalt. Group 2 and 3 spinels define trends diverging from a common composition—i.e., the same origin. Group 4 spinels are probably due to exsolution which occurred after formation of the original spinels, while group 5 spinels are not directly related to types 1–4.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (1982), S. 325-344 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract After pointing out that the two-gluon decay mode of theZ 0 vanishes, we calculate, in detail, the differential and the total decay rates forZ 0→ggg. Using the standard Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model and Quantum Chromodynamics, we find a branching ratio of 1.8×10−5. We also discussZ→ggγ andZ 0→γγγ. As a natural extension of this work, we present the details of a calculation of the differential and the total cross sections for the processe + e −→ggg mediated by a virtual photon in the continuum. A detailed comparison with $$e^ + e^ - \to q\bar qg$$ and a brief discussion ofe + e −→ggγ ande + e −→γγγ are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 6 (1980), S. 3-6 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The contribution to the sixth-order muon anomaly from second-order electron vacuum polarization is determined analytically to orderm e/m μ. The result, including the contributions from graphs containing proper and improper fourth-order electron vacuum polarization subgraphs, is $$\begin{gathered} \left( {\frac{\alpha }{\pi }} \right)^3 \left\{ {\frac{2}{9}\log ^2 } \right.\frac{{m_\mu }}{{m_e }} + \left[ {\frac{{31}}{{27}}} \right. + \frac{{\pi ^2 }}{9} - \frac{2}{3}\pi ^2 \log 2 \hfill \\ \left. { + \zeta \left( 3 \right)} \right]\log \frac{{m_\mu }}{{m_e }} + \left[ {\frac{{1075}}{{216}}} \right. - \frac{{25}}{{18}}\pi ^2 + \frac{{5\pi ^2 }}{3}\log 2 \hfill \\ \left. { - 3\zeta \left( 3 \right) + \frac{{11}}{{216}}\pi ^4 - \frac{2}{9}\pi ^2 \log ^2 2 - \frac{1}{9}log^4 2 - \frac{8}{3}a_4 } \right] \hfill \\ + \left[ {\frac{{3199}}{{1080}}\pi ^2 - \frac{{16}}{9}\pi ^2 \log 2 - \frac{{13}}{8}\pi ^3 } \right]\left. {\frac{{m_e }}{{m_\mu }}} \right\} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ . To obtain the total sixth-order contribution toa μ−a e, one must add the light-by-light contribution to the above expression.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Lactococcus ; Citrate plasmid ; Minimal replicon ; repB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using a combination of mutagenesis with the transposon γδ and polymerase chain reaction subcloning, the essential elements of the replication region of the Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis citrate plasmid have been identified. An open reading frame, coding for a protein with homology to Rep proteins from other Lactococcus plasmids, is essential. This protein is trans-acting and could not be replaced by the Rep protein from another Lactococcus plasmid. A second open reading frame immediately downstream from the first could be removed or inactivated with no apparent effect on plasmid replication. A region containing two 10 by direct repeats and three tandem repeats of a 22 by sequence, immediately upstream of the essential open reading frame, is also essential and probably includes the origin of replication. A 181-bp DNA fragment containing this region was sufficient to allow replication in Lactococcus if the trans-acting protein was provided on another replicon. Single-stranded replication intermediates could not be detected, suggesting that the citrate plasmid uses theta replication rather than rolling-circle replication.
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