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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 115 (1998), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Bryidae (thermal adaptation) ; Electrolyte leakage ; Fluorescence induction ; Heat acclimation (short-term) ; Heat tolerance (mosses)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of gametophytes of two Bryidae, Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. and Polytrichum formosum Hedw., to rapidly acquire thermotolerance was investigated by measuring chlorophyll a fluorescence and electrolyte leakage. Short-term acclimation of turgid shoots to elevated sublethal temperatures resulted in a small but significant increase in the heat stability of the photosynthetic apparatus and of cellular membranes by around 1 K, indicating that the heat hardening capacity of hydrated mosses is very low. While thermal adaptation occurred within few hours, dehardening required several days. The pattern of rapid thermal hardening and dehardening of turgid mosses resembles that of flowering plants. However, as opposed to the low potential for short-term thermal acclimation of hydrated gametophytes, a dramatic rise in heat resistance occurred with decline of the water content of the poikilohydric shoots, which was achieved either by equilibrating of the thalli at different relative humidities or by incubation in sugar solutions of various concentrations. The lower the water potential of the tissue the higher the heat tolerance of the shoots. The data show that in contrast to homoiohydric higher plants, in desiccation-resistant mosses changes in the water status of the thalli play the dominant role in short-term variations of thermal tolerance rather than specific heat hardening and dehardening reactions.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein ; Circadian rhythm ; Lycopersicon (chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, rhythm) ; Rhythm (chlorophyll a/b-binding protein)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diurnal oscillations of steady-state mRNA levels encoding the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were monitored inLycopersicon esculentum, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, P. aureus, P. coccineus, Pisum sativum, Sinapis alba, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum andZea mays. In these plant speciescab mRNA accumulation increases and decreases periodically indicating i) that the expression of the genes for chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (cab genes) is controlled by a circadian rhythm, and ii) that the rhythm is widely distributed among monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species. A detailed characterization of the pattern ofcab mRNA expression in tomato leaves shows that the amplitude of the oscillation is dependent on i) the developmental stage of the leaves, ii) the circadian phase and duration of light and iii) the circadian phase and duration of darkness. In addition to the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins, genes coding for other cellular functions were examined for cyclic variations of their mRNA levels. The analysis includes genes involved in i) carbon metabolism (e.g. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase, alpha amylase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase), ii) photosynthesis (large and small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, QB-binding protein, reaction-center protein of photosystem I) and iii) other physiological or morphological reactions (e.g. ubiquitin, actin). However, no periodic fluctuation pattern was detected for the mRNA levels of these genes in tomato and maize leaves.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 554-559 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: directed evolution ; esterase ; epothilon ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; stereoselectivity ; mutator strain ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The directed evolution of an esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens using the mutator strain Epicurian coli XL1-Red was investigated. Mutants were assayed for their ability to hydrolyze a sterically hindered 3-hydroxy ester, which can serve as a building block in the synthesis of epothilones. Screening was performed by plating esterase producing colonies derived from mutation cycles onto minimal media agar plates containing indicator substances (neutral red and crystal violet). Esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the 3-hydroxy ester (ethyl or glycerol ester) was detected by the formation of a red color due to a pH decrease caused by the released acid. Esterases isolated from positive clones were used in preparative biotransformations of the ethyl ester. One variant containing two mutations (A209D and L181V) stereoselectively hydrolyzed the ethyl ester resulting in 25% ee for the remaining ester. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58: 554-559, 1998.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Poaceae ; Triticum dicoccoides ; Hordeum spontaneum ; Cab (Chlorophyll a/b binding proteins) ; circadian rhythms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mRNAs encoding the chlorophyll a/b binding (cab) proteins of the light harvesting system were monitored in the wild cereals, wild emmer wheat,Triticum dicoccoides, and wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, the progenitors of all cultivated wheats and barley, respectively. Significantly different mRNA levels were detected at different time points during the day, with generally low levels around sunrise, sunset and midnight, and maximum levels around noon. These results indicate that a diurnal control of thecab gene expression is present in these ancient species.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 484-491 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-Goniothalamin; Absolute Configuration of the Naturally Occurring (+)-Goniothalamin(-)-(S)-Goniothalamin and its naturally occurring (+)-(R)-enantiometer were synthesised from configurationally defined precursors. The absolute configurations were additionally confirmed by ozonolysis to (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-malic acid. The absolute configuration given for the compound in the literature is thus corrected.
    Notes: (-)-(S)-Goniothalamin und das (+)-(R)-Enantiomer wurden aus konfigurativ definierten Vorstufen synthetisiert. Die absoluten Konfigurationen wurden zusätzlich durch Ozonabbau zu (-)-(S)- und (+)-(R)-Äpfelsäure bestätigt. Die in der Literatur angegebene absolute Konfiguration des Naturstoffs wird berichtigt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 791-801 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of (+)-Oudemansin and (+)-Epioudemansin Starting from Enantiomerically Pure Precursors; Absolute configuration of the Naturally Occurring (-)OudemansinThe syntheses of the four optically pure methyl (E)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phenyl-4-pentenoates (+)- and (-)-5 as well as (+)- and (-)-6 were achieved by consecutive methylation and protonation of enolates, starting from (+)- and (-)-4. The esters (+)-6 and (-)-5 are used as starting materials to synthesize (+)-oudemansin [(+)-3] and (+)-epioudemansin [(+)-9].
    Notes: Die Darstellung der vier optisch reinen (E)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phenyl-4-pentensäure-methylester (+)- und (-)-6 gelingt durch aufeinanderfolgende Methylierung und Protonierung von Esterenolaten, ausgehend von (+)- und (-)-4. Die Ester (+)-6 und (-)-5 werden für Synthesen von (+)-Oudemansin [(+)-3] und (+)-Epioudemansin [(+)=9] eingesetzt.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 977-981 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses und absolute Configurations of (+)-(6R,2′S)-Cryptocaryalactone and (-)-(6S,2′S)-EpicryptocaryalatoneThe naturally occurring (+)-cryptocaryalactone [(+)-4] and the (-)-epicryptocaryalactone [(-)-5] have been synthesized starting from the optically active aldehyde. 1. The absolute configuraitons of these unsaturated lactones were determined by circular dichroism measurements.
    Notes: Das natürliche (+)-Cryptocaryalacton [(+)-4] und das (-)-Epicryptocaryalation [(-)-5] wurden, ausgehend von optisch aktivem Aldehyd 1, synthetisiert. Die absoluten Konfigurationen dieser ungesättigten Lactone wurden mit Hilfe des Circulardichroismus bestimmt.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 700-706 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1977 (1977), S. 732-736 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of (-1S, 7S)-exo-Brevicomine starting from (+)-(2R, 3R)-Diethyl TartrateThe sex attractant 4 of western pine beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis has been synthesised in high yield in optically active form starting from (+)-(2R, 3R)-diethyl tartrate by coupling dithiane 5c with the optically active bromide 2d.
    Notes: Der Sexuallockstoff 4 des Borkenkäfers Dendroctonus brevicomis wird in guter Ausbeute in optisch aktiver Form ausgehend von (+)-(2R, 3R)-Weinsäure-diethylester über die Kupplung des Dithianderivates 5c mit dem optisch aktiven Bromid 2d synthetisiert.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umlagerungen von Trifluormethyl-cyclopropyl-carbinyltosylat (A: X = OTs), 2-Trifluormethyl-cyclobutyltosylat (B: X = OTs) und [2-Trifluormethyl-cyclopropyl]-carbinyltosylat (C: X = OTs) bei Solvolysereaktionen in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln werden untersucht. Die Reaktionsprodukte unterscheiden sich charakteristisch von denen, die bei Umlagerungen vergleichbarer Methyl-substit. Cyclopropylcarbinyl- und Cyclobutyl-Systeme erhalten werden. Der Mechanismus der Umlagerung wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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