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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation of phytoplankton community structure and nitrogen uptake regime in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (1998)
    Springer
    Polar biology 20 (1998), S. 259-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates the dynamics of phytoplankton communities and nitrogen uptake in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during spring and summer. The study area is oligotrophic (Chl a stocks 〈50 mg m−2); nevertheless, a large spatial variation of phytoplankton biomass and community structure was observed. During both seasons the phytoplankton community in the seasonal ice zone showed higher biomasses and was mainly composed of large diatom cells. However, in the permanently open ocean zone the community had low biomass and was chiefly composed of nano- and picoflagellates. In the polar front zone, although biomass was higher, the community structure was similar to the open ocean zone. The results suggest that the variation in phytoplankton community structure on a larger scale resonates with gradients in water column stability and nutrient distribution. However, significant changes in biomass and nutrient stocks but little change in community structure were observed. Absolute nitrogen uptake rates were generally low, but their seasonal variations were highly significant. During spring the communities displayed high specific nitrate uptake (mean rate = 0.0048 h−1), and diatoms (in the seasonal ice zone) as well as nano- and picoflagellates (in the permanently open ocean zone and polar front zone) were mainly based on new production (mean ƒ-ratio = 0.69). The transition to summer was accompanied by a significant reduction in nitrate uptake rate (0.0048 h−1 → 0.0011 h−1) and a shift from predominantly new to regenerated production (ƒ-ratio 0.69 → 0.39). Ammonium played a major role in the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton nutrition. The results emphasize that, despite a large contrast in community structure, the seasonal dynamics of the nitrogen uptake regime and phytoplankton community structure in all three subsystems were similar. Additionally, this study supports our previous conclusion that the seasonal shift in nitrogen uptake regime can occur with, as well as without, marked changes in community structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relations in section Arachis based on seed protein profile (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 593-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; SDS-PAGE electrophoresis ; Protein-profile ; Homology ; Statistical-distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seed protein profiles of nine diploid species (2n = 20), ten tetraploid accessions, two synthetic amphidiploids and two autotetraploids (2n = 40) were studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While the general profiles suggested considerable homology among these taxa in spite of speciation and ploidy differences, appreciable genetic differences were present to support the existing genomic divisions and sub-divisions in the section Arachis. A high degree of relationship was indicated between the two diploid species (A. duranensis containing the A genome and A. batizocoi (ICG 8210) containing the B genome) and tetraploids A. monticola/ A. hypogaea (2n = 40) containing AABB genome. Similar relationships were recorded between the AABB synthetic amphidiploid and the profile obtained from the mixture of protein of A. duranensis and A. batizocoi, suggesting that these two diploid species were the donors of the A and B genome, respectively, to tetraploid A. monticola/A. hypogaea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226795
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New sources of dwarfing genes in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 170-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pearl millet ; Dwarfs ; Inheritance ; Complementary genes ; Allelic relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Thirteen naturally occurring dwarf lines of pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke], identified from the world collection, varied for several morphological and agronomic characters. Extreme dwarfs were characterized by a tufted growth habit which could be distinguished from the time of germination, while the other dwarf lines could be distinguished only after anthesis. The F1 hybrids between the tall and dwarf genotypes were tall, indicating that dwarfness is a recessive trait. In 10 out of the 13 crosses, the F2 segregation ratio was three tall to one dwarf (3∶1) suggesting that the dwarfness is controlled by a single recessive gene, while the height differences in 3 of the dwarfs (IP 8056, IP 8210 and IP 8214) were controlled by more than one gene as they showed continuous variation for plant height in F2. When the remaining 10 single gene dwarfs were crossed to either d 1 (‘Tift 238’) or d 2 (‘Tift 23 DB’) dwarfs, only 2 crosses produced tall F2 hybrids and they segregated for height in F2 indicating that these 2 dwarfs are non-allelic to d 1 and d 2. Reciprocal crosses of these 2 dwarfs produced tall F1 hybrids and showed a dihybrid segregation of 9∶3∶4 in F2 indicating that the dwarfing genes of these 2 parents are non-allelic to each other. These non-allelic dwarfs were assigned the gene symbols d 3 (IP 10401), and d 4 (IP 10402).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289271
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification, characterization and geographic distribution of male-sterility restorer and maintainer lines from diverse pearl millet germplasm (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Pennisetum americanum ; pearl millet ; male-sterility ; male-fertility restorer ; male-sterility maintainer ; germplasm ; characterization ; geographic distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To determine the distribution and geographic specificity of sterility maintainers in pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke, 428 diverse pearl millet germplasm accessions representing variation from 12 countries were crossed with a male-sterile line 5141A. The F1 hybrids were classified as male-fertile or male-sterile based on the seed set on bagged ear heads and an other morphology. Among these, 87 (20.3%) were classified as male-fertile, 32 (7.5%) as male-sterile, 282 (65.9%) as segregating for male-fertile/male-sterile and 27 (6.3%) behaved as male-fertile in the rainy and male-sterile in the postrainy season. Restorer lines were distributed in all the countries studied except Cameroon and USSR. Maintainer lines were observed from six countries but were concentrated in India. These maintainer lines differ from one another in several morphological and agronomic characters such as flowering, plant height, spike length and grain size. They may prove to be useful sources of material for generating new male-sterile lines. The restorers can be used to produce commercial hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023310
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and cytology of Cicer canariense, a wild relative of chickpea (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 69 (1993), S. 73-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer canariense ; wild Cicer species ; cytology ; morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The short note describes the morphology and chromosome number of Cicer canariense Santos Guerra & Lewis. This taxon has been found to have a meiotic chromosome number of 2n〈16 and not 2n〈24, as reported earlier. At ICRISAT Center, while other perennial Cicers did not perform well, Cicer canariense flowered and produced seeds. The species grew vigorously and had multi-podded peduncles and multi-seeded pods. Such traits of Cicer canariense can be very useful in the genetic improvement of chickpeas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021727
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf types and their genetics in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 45 (1990), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; leaf types ; uni-imparipinnate leaf ; normal leaf ; multipinnate leaf ; simple leaf ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Commonly the chickpea leaf is uni-imparipinnate, having 9–15 leaflets. However, certain variants have been reported; these are available in the chickpea collection at ICRISAT and were re-examined. Based on the lamina differentiation, three major classes of leaf type can be recognized: uni-imparipinnate (normal), multipinnate and simple (leaf). (Certain other leaf forms reported earlier are not classes of leaf type though they are distinct variants). It was determined that the leaf type differences are governed by two genes (mlsl), which show supplementary gene action. The multipinnate leaf is formed when the first gene is dominant (ml+sl/.sl). Whereas the simple leaf occurs when the first gene is recessive and the second gene is in either form (ml./ml.), the normal leaf is expressed when both dominant genes are present (ml+sl+/..).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032985
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross compatibility between chickpea and its wild relative,Cicer echinospermum Davis (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chickpea ; Cicer arietinum ; Cicer echinospermum ; crossability ; fertility ; interspecific hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cicer echinospermum, a wild relative of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), has traits that can be used to improve the cultivated species. It is possible to obtain successful crosses between the two species, even though their cross progenies have reduced fertility. The reasons for this low fertility could be due to the two species differing in small chromosome segments or at genic level. Another limitation to the use ofC. echinospermum at ICRISAT Asia Center is that the species is not adapted to the short photoperiod which prevails during the chickpea cropping season at Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Future work will include screening the segregating progenies for monitoring traits from both the species through isozyme analysis and to incorporate these into good agronomic backgrounds following backcrosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678136
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological diversity in sorghum germplasm from India (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 559-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: evaluation ; sorghum ; diversity ; races ; germplasm utilization ; genetic stocks ; agronomic traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Of the 5000 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Monench) germplasm accessions assembled at ICRISAT Asia Center (IAC), over 4000 accessions from 11 major sorghum growing states in India were evaluated for morphological and agronomical characters at IAC during rainy and postrainy seasons. Considerable diversity was observed for all the characters studied. Diversity was more among states than within states. Variation among the seasons was also considerable. Days to flowering ranged from 42 to 129 days during postrainy and 33 to 180 days during the rainy season indicating their day length sensitivity. Plant height ranged from 65 to 330 cm during postrainy and 75 to 655 cm during rainy season. Panicle length ranged from 5 cm to 52 cm and panicle width from 1 to 51 cm. Erect and compact panicles are more frequent although all possible panicle shapes and compactness were found. In general, sorghums from India produce medium to large, lustrous grains in which the subcoat (testa) is absent. All the 5 basic and 10 intermediate sorghum races were found in India though durra or half-durra predominate. Racial diversity is maximal in the state of Andhra Pradesh followed by Maharashatra state. In the world collection a majority of the sources of resistance to shoot fly, stem borer, and striga are from India. Based on diversity for morphological and agronomical characters, India could be considered as the secondary center of diversity. Sorghum germplasm from India is useful for good quality large grain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138832
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity in pearl millet germplasm from Cameroon (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum ; collecting ; landraces ; wild relatives ; diversity ; variation ; characterization ; adaptation ; pearl millet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Br.] (syn. P. americanum (L.) Leeke) germplasm from Cameroon was collected jointly by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the National Cereals Research and Extension Project (NCRE)/Institute of Agronomic Research (IAR), Maroua, Cameroon. Of the 1261 samples collected, 888 are pearl millet and 12 wild relatives of Pennisetums. A total of 918 accessions of pearl millet were evaluated during rainy and postrainy seasons at ICRISAT Asia Center (IAC), Patancheru, India, and 748 at Maroua, Cameroon. Considerable variation was observed for all the characters studies. At IAC, Patancheru, time to flower varied from 56 to 146 days with a mean of 114±0.62 days during the rainy and 46 to 128 days with a mean of 67±0.28 days during the postrainy season. At Maroua, the flowering time ranged from 49 to 112 days with a mean of 81±0.34 days. Plant height ranged from 230 to 450 cm with a mean of 353±1.52 cm. Spike and grain characters were more stable compared to flowering and plant height. The expression of spike characters was comparable to evaluation in postrainy season at IAC, Patancheru. In Cameroon, farmers classify pearl millet as Yadiri and Mouri, which vary for plant canopy, spike and grain characters. Mouri matures in about 95–110 days, extensively grown in the low rainfall areas of Extreme North province. Yadiri matures in 120–140 days, generally grown in the high rainfall areas of the North, Adamaoua provinces, and on the hill slopes of Extreme North province. Millet germplasm from Cameroon is a good source for more number of productive tillers, large compact spikes, and larger ivory and cream colored grain besides its potential for forage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126761
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity in pearl millet germplasm from Central African Republic (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: diversity ; evaluation ; landraces ; pearl millet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Most of the pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) growing areas in Central African Republic (CAR) were explored by the GRD, ICRISAT in collaboration with the Ministry of Rural Development, CAR, Bangui and 129 pearl millet samples were collected during December 1988–January 1989. Considerable diversity was observed for several characters when 146 accessions including 17 collected by Institut francais de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération (ORSTOM) were evaluated at ICRISAT Asia Center (IAC), Patancheru. Time to flower ranged from 57 to 140 days with a mean of 128±1.1 days in rainy season and from 57 to 132 days with a mean of 73±0.8 days during postrainy season. Plant height ranged from 140 to 410 cm with a mean of 311±6.1 cm in the rainy season and from 75 to 310 cm with a mean of 155±2.6 cm during the postrainy season. The number of tillers varied between 1 to 6 per plant, spikes were mostly cylindrical and medium sized with a mean length of 20 cm during both seasons. They produced mostly gray or cream colored, globular grain, with partly corneous endosperm. Cluster analysis categorized accessions into similarity groups facilitating sampling a limited number of entries to represent the diversity of the pearl millet germplasm from Central African Republic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00132949
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