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  • 1
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    EUSAAR size distribution analysis database (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Asmi, Ari; Wiedensohler, Alfred; Laj, Paolo; Fjaeraa, Ann-Mari; Sellegri, Karine; Birmili, Wolfram; Weingartner, Ernest; Baltensperger, Urs; Zdimal, Vladimir; Zikova, Nadezda; Putaud, Jean-Philippe; Marinoni, Angela; Tunved, Peter; Hansson, Hans Christen; Fiebig, Markus; Kivekäs, Niku; Lihavainen, Heikki; Asmi, Eija; Ulevicius, V; Aalto, Pasi; Swietlicki, Erik; Kristensson, Adam; Mihalopoulos, Nikos; Kalivitis, N; Kalapov, Ivo; Kiss, Guyla; de Leeuw, Gerrit; Henzing, Bas; Harrison, Roy M; Beddows, David; O'Dowd, Colin; Jennings, Gerald S; Flentje, Harald; Weinhold, Kay; Meinhardt, F; Ries, L; Kulmala, Markku (2011): Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in Europe 2008–2009. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(11), 5505-5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5505-2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-06
    Description: Two years of harmonized aerosol number size distribution data from 24 European field monitoring sites have been analysed. The results give a comprehensive overview of the European near surface aerosol particle number concentrations and number size distributions between 30 and 500 nm of dry particle diameter. Spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols in the particle sizes most important for climate applications are presented. We also analyse the annual, weekly and diurnal cycles of the aerosol number concentrations, provide log-normal fitting parameters for median number size distributions, and give guidance notes for data users. Emphasis is placed on the usability of results within the aerosol modelling community. We also show that the aerosol number concentrations of Aitken and accumulation mode particles (with 100 nm dry diameter as a cut-off between modes) are related, although there is significant variation in the ratios of the modal number concentrations. Different aerosol and station types are distinguished from this data and this methodology has potential for further categorization of stations aerosol number size distribution types. The European submicron aerosol was divided into characteristic types: Central European aerosol, characterized by single mode median size distributions, unimodal number concentration histograms and low variability in CCN-sized aerosol number concentrations; Nordic aerosol with low number concentrations, although showing pronounced seasonal variation of especially Aitken mode particles; Mountain sites (altitude over 1000 m a.s.l.) with a strong seasonal cycle in aerosol number concentrations, high variability, and very low median number concentrations. Southern and Western European regions had fewer stations, which decreases the regional coverage of these results. Aerosol number concentrations over the Britain and Ireland had very high variance and there are indications of mixed air masses from several source regions; the Mediterranean aerosol exhibit high seasonality, and a strong accumulation mode in the summer. The greatest concentrations were observed at the Ispra station in Northern Italy with high accumulation mode number concentrations in the winter. The aerosol number concentrations at the Arctic station Zeppelin in Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard have also a strong seasonal cycle, with greater concentrations of accumulation mode particles in winter, and dominating summer Aitken mode indicating more recently formed particles. Observed particles did not show any statistically significant regional work-week or weekday related variation in number concentrations studied. Analysis products are made for open-access to the research community, available in a freely accessible internet site. The results give to the modelling community a reliable, easy-to-use and freely available comparison dataset of aerosol size distributions.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 11.4 MBytes
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Both open reading frames of the linear plasmid pMC3-2 from the ascomycete Morchella conica are transcribed in vivo (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 22 (1992), S. 507-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Linear plasmids ; Morchella conica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial RNA was isolated from the morel strain Morchella conica 3 harbouring the linear plasmid pMC3-2 and subjected to gel electrophoresis followed by a Northern analysis using cloned fragments of the plasmid pMC3-2 as probes. Hybridization was obtained only with central parts of pMC3-2 and specific bands of mtRNA. The hybridization bands (2.8 kb and 1.0 kb) correspond in size to the length of the two ORFs of pMC3-2 which were deduced from nucleotide-sequence data. Thus, both ORFs, one encoding a DNA polymerase and the other a yet unknown protein, are transcribed in the mitochondria of the plasmid-bearing Morchella conica strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326418
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Approach to Express a Heterologous Gene on Kluyveromyces lactis Linear Killer Plasmids: Expression of the Bacterial aph Gene from a Cytoplasmic Promoter Fragment without In-Phase Fusion to the Plasmid Open Reading Frame
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plasmid 32 (1994), S. 318-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-619X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/plas.1994.1071
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of fruit body production in higher basidiomycetes II. Monokaryotic and dikaryotic fruiting in schizophyllum commune (1979)
    Springer
    Current genetics 1 (1979), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Fruiting in Schizophyllum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the wood destroying fungus Schizophyllum commune, a well known subject for genetic studies, fruit bodies are produced not only in the course of the sexual cycle but also asexually. Sexual fruiting requires the establishment of a dikaryon which is under the control of the incompatibility factors A and B. Asexual fruiting, however, starts directly from a monokaryon. The initiation of monokaryotic fruiting requires the presence of a single gene leading to the differentiation of fruit body initials. The action of at least two more genes is required for the further morphogenetic steps resulting eventually in the production of fruit bodies which differ in shape from dikaryotic fruit bodies. As a consequence of a mitosis their basidia produce two spores only. The three genes responsible for monokaryotic fruiting are pleiotropic and determine synergistically the timing of dikaryotic fruiting within a range between 6 to 20 d or longer. A fourth gene was found which codes epistatically for the formation of dome-like masses of stromatic tissue, thus directing morphogenesis into a side track.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413309
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of linear, protein-primed replicating genomes (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 21 (1992), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Linear plasmids ; Phylogenetic trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Relative phylogenetic distances were estimated for those linear plasmids for which sequencing data were available by comparing the amino-acid sequences of the putative DNA- and RNA-polymerases, and phylogenetic trees were calculated. The relationships obtained accord well with those indicated by other structural characteristics of these genetic elements. It is obvious that linear plasmids constitute a separate group of genetic traits when compared with those of the adenoviruses. However, an overall relationship to these viruses is evident. Among the linear plasmids at least two main groups can be recognized, namely the cytoplasmically and the mitochondrially localized elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318478
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equivalence of the A and B mating type factors in the tetrapolar basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita (1980)
    Springer
    Current genetics 1 (1980), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Homogenic incompatibility ; Tetrapolar mechanism ; Functional nonspecificity of mating type factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the progeny of crosses involving the geographical races BR and ST of Agrocybe aegerita mating reactions were observed which could not be explained by the action of the A and B factors according to a commonly accepted tetrapolar incompatibility mechanism. As a result of a comprehensive genetic analysis it became evident that in these two races of Agrocybe the incompatibility genes A and B are located reciprocally transposed. Therefore, as expected, recombinants were found having either two A or two B genes. Consequently a physiological specificity for A and B, as generally accepted for higher basidiomycetes, must be ruled out for Agrocybe aegerita. In this fungus the tetrapolar mating reaction is by contrast controlled by the action of two genes exhibiting an equivalent function during the morphogenetic sequence leading to dikaryosis and the formation of clamp connections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390944
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The linear plasmid pMC3-2 from Morchella conica is structurally related to adenoviruses (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 20 (1991), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Linear mitochondrial plasmid ; Nucleotide sequence ; Viral DNA-polymerase ; Terminal inverted repeat (TIR) ; Adenovirus ; Morchella conica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary pMC3-2, one of two linear plasmids localised in the mitochondria of the ascomycete Morchella conica, was completely sequenced. It is 6044 bp in size, contains terminal inverted repeats of 713 and 710 bp length and two open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, spanning 2706 bp and 918 bp, respectively. ORF1 probably encodes a viral B-type DNA-polymerase. Concerning ORF2, no homology to any other published protein-or DNA-sequence could be detected. According to the structure of DNA-polymerases, linear plasmids can be grouped into two classes reflecting their localisation either in the cytoplasm or within the mitochondria. In general, the structure of plasmid pMC3-2, as well as of other linear plasmids from filamentous fungi, indicates a close relationship of these genetic elements to adenoviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kluyveromyces lactis killer system: ORF1 of pGKL2 has no function in immunity expression and is dispensable for killer plasmid replication and maintenance (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 21 (1992), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Kluyveromyces lactis ; Killer ; Linear plasmids ; Replication ; Toxin immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To functionally characterize the genes encoded by the larger killer plasmid pGKL2 from Kluyveromyces lactis a previously developed in-vivo recombination system was exploited. An in-vitro modified version of the cytoplasmically expressible LEU2 gene cartridge (LEU2 *) flanked by appropriate pGKL2 segments was used to replace the central part of the ORF1 region of pGKL2. Transformation of a Leu- killer strain resulted in the expected disruption of ORF1 in the resident pGKL2. The Leu+ transformants obtained can be assigned to three classes. Class I carries both killer plasmids, pGKL1/2, and the recombinant pGKL2 derivative termed pRKL2. Class II and III additionally harbor palindrome and hairpin-like plasmids, respectively. Upon subculturing of class I transformants under selective pressure, segregation of the native pGKL2 and the recombinant pRKL2 eventually occurs resulting in total loss of pGKL2. No differences concerning killer and immunity phenotype between a pRKL2-harboring strain and the native pGKL2-carrying recipient could be detected. Thus pGKL2 ORF1 is dispensable for both expression of killer/immunity phenotypes and for the replication and maintenance of the K. lactis killer plasmids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351695
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteins are attached to the ends of a linear plasmid in the filamentous fungus Ascobolus immersus (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 11 (1986), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ascobolus immersus ; Linear plasmids ; Inverted repeats ; Terminal proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In seven out of eleven wild strains of the Ascomycete Ascobolus immersus plasmid DNA was found. There was great variability with respect to size and number of the plasmids in the strains concerned. For a further analysis two plasmids originating from one wild strain were submitted to restriction analysis and electron microscopy. Both turned out to be linear having different molecular weights (pAIl = 7.9 kb, pAI2 = 5.6 kb). Denaturation of pAI2 and subsequent renaturation revealed the presence of inverted repeats (0.7 kb) at both ends. After treatment with proteinase K and 5′ and 3′ specific exonucleases it became evident that the 5′ ends of pAI2 are linked with proteins. In this respect it is similar in structure to other linear genetic elements such as the linear plasmids found in Zea mays and the genomes of adenoviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear plasmids among eukaryotes: fundamentals and application (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312851
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