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1

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Evidence for magma mixing in the Mariana arc system (1998)

MEEN, JAMES K. ; STERN, ROBERT J. ; BLOOMER, SHERMAN H.

Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Pty

The @island arc 7 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1440-1738

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Volcanoes of the Mariana arc system produce magmas that belong to several liquid lines of descent and that originated from several different primary magmas. Despite differences in parental magmas, phenocryst assemblages are very similar throughout the arc. The different liquid lines of descent are attributed to differences in degree of silica saturation of the primary liquids and in the processes of magmatic evolution (fractional crystallization vs magma mixing). Pseudoternary projections of volcanic rocks from several arc volcanoes are used to show differences between different magmatic suites. In most of the arc, parental liquids were Ol- and Hy-normative basalts that crystallized olivine, augite, and plagioclase (± iron-titanium oxide) and then plagioclase and two pyroxenes, apparently at low pressure. Eruptive rocks follow subparallel liquid lines of descent on element–element diagrams and on pseudoternary projections. Magmas at North Hiyoshi are Ne-normative and have a liquid line of descent along the thermal divide due to precipitation of olivine, augite, and plagioclase. Derived liquids are large ion lithophile element (LILE)-rich. Magmas at other Hiyoshi seamounts included an alkaline component but had more complex evolution. Those at Central Hiyoshi formed by a process dominated by mixing alkaline and subalkaline magmas, whereas those at other Hiyoshi seamounts evolved by combined magma mixing and fractional crystallization. Influence of the alkaline component wanes as one goes south from North Hiyoshi. Alkaline and subalkaline magmas were also mixed to produce magmas erupted at the Kasuga seamounts that are behind the arc front. The alkaline magmas at both Hiyoshi and Kasuga seamounts had different sources from those of the subalkaline magmas at those sites as indicated by trace element ratios and by Nd.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1998.00202.x

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Phase Equilibria of the 1/2Bi2O3-CaO System in Oxygen at 1 atm Pressure (1999)

Gökçen, Oya A. ; Styve, Jason V. ; Meen, James K. ; [et al.]

Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society

Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0

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ISSN: 1551-2916

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Phase equilibria in the Bi2O3-CaO system have been examined over the temperature range of 650°-1050°C in oxygen at a pressure of 1 atm. Direct electron microprobe analysis has been used to determine the compositions of several phases with fixed Bi:Ca ratios and to determine the extents of compositional ranges of the three solid solutions in the system. The face-centered-cubic solid solution (FCCss) phase extends from pure Bi2O3 to a maximum CaO content of 27 mol% at 816°± 4°C. In the bismuth-rich portion of the diagram, the FCCss phase is replaced by monoclinic Bi2O3 (which dissolves essentially no CaO) and a rhombohedral solid solution (Rhss) phase with 12 mol% CaO. The eutectoid is located at 6 mol% CaO and 684°± 3°C. A calcium-rich FCCss phase also coexists at a eutectoid with a Rhss phase (23.5 mol% CaO) and Bi2CaO4 at 766°± 3°C. There are two two-phase regions between the FCCss and Rhss phases that have a closure temperature that is estimated to be ∼840°C. The Rhss phase exists between these two-phase regions. The minimum CaO content of this solid solution is 12 mol%, and its maximum CaO content is 23.5 mol%; however, the extent of solid solution is highly temperature dependent at 〉700°C. All liquids with 0-23 mol% CaO may coexist with a FCCss phase. The stability field of the rhombohedral phase does not reach the solidus, and there is a thermal maximum on the liquidus that is estimated at ∼880°C at which a FCCss phase and a liquid phase, each with 17 mol% CaO, coexist. Liquid with 23 mol% CaO, a FCCss phase, and a body-centered-cubic solid solution (BCCss) phase with 27 mol% CaO coexist at a eutectic near 866°C. The BCCss phase has a maximum composition range of 27-42 mol% CaO, although the range is dependent on temperature. At temperatures below 816°± 4°C, the BCCss phase is replaced by a FCCss phase and Bi6Ca4O13. At 970 ± 3°C, the BCCss phase with 42 mol% CaO melts incongruently to CaO and a liquid. Thus, only three phases-FCCss, BCCss, and CaO-coexist with liquids in the Bi2O3-CaO system. However, several other phases are identified in the subsolidus region: Bi14Ca5O26, which is replaced by a Rhss phase and Bi2CaO4 at 745°± 5°C; Bi2CaO4, which decomposes to a FCCss phase and Bi6Ca4O13 at 776°± 3°C; Bi6Ca4O13, which is replaced by a BCCss phase and Bi2Ca2O5 at ∼878°± 3°C; and Bi2Ca2O5, which decomposes to a BCCss phase and CaO at 931°± 5°C.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02015.x

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30 kbar Phase Equilibria of the La2O3–SrO–CuO System at 950°C (1997)

Geny, Joel ; Meen, James K. ; Elthon, Don

Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society

Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1551-2916

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Phase equilibria of the La2O3–SrO–CuO system have been determined at 950°C at 30 kbar (3 GPa). Stable phases at the apexes of the ternary phase diagram are CuO, La2O3, and SrO. Stable intermediate phases are La2, CuO4 and La2Cu2O5 in the LaO1.5–CuO binary and Sr2CuO3, SrCuO2, and Sr14Cu24O41 in the CuO–SrO binary. The La2–xSrx-CuO4–δ solid solution is stable for 0.00 is ≤x≤ 1.29, the La2–xSr1+xCu2O6+δ solid solution is stable for 0.03 ≤x≤0.20, the La2–xSrxCu2O5–δ solid solution is stable for 0.00 ≤x≤1.08, and the LaxSr14–xCu24O41 solid solution is stable for 0.00 ≤x≤ 6.15. The 30 kbar phase diagram differs from the 1 atm (0.1 MPa) and 10 kbar (1 GPa) results principally in the absence of La1–xSr2+xCu2O5.5+δ as a stable phase and the extended range of the La2–xSrxCu2O5–δ solid solution at 30 kbar.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02807.x

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Phase Equilibria of the Bismuth Oxide–Calcium Oxide–Copper Oxide System in Oxygen at 1 atm (1997)

Tsang, Chi-Fo ; Meen, James K. ; Elthon, Don

Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society

Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1551-2916

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Phase equilibria in the bismuth oxide-calcium oxide-copper oxide system have been determined at 1 atm pressure in oxygen over the temperature range of 750°–1000°C. The phases found to be stable at 750°C are Bi2CuO4, CuO, Ca2CuO3, CaO, Bi2Ca2O5, Bi6Ca4O13, Bi14Ca5O26, a rhombohedral Bi-Ca oxide solid solution (Rhss), and a face-centered cubic Bi-Ca oxide solid solution (Fccss) that includes Bi2O3. At 800°C, the stable phases are Bi2CuO4, CuO, Ca2CuO3, CaO, Bi2Ca2O5, Bi6Ca4O13, a hexagonal Bi-Ca oxide solid solution (δss), Rhss, Fccss, and liquid. The phases found to be stable at 850°C are CuO, Ca2CuO3, CaO, Bi2Ca2O5, Bi6Ca4O13, Fccss, and liquid. The phases found to be stable at 900°C are CuO, Ca2CuO3, CaO, Bi2Ca2O5, a body-centered cubic Bi-Ca oxide solid solution (Bccss), and liquid. The stable phases at 950°C are CuO, Ca2CuO3, CaO, and liquid. At 1000°C, the stable phases are CuO, Ca3Cu7O10, Ca2CuO3, CaO, and liquid.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03009.x

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5

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Experimental evidence for very low solubility of rare-earth elements in C0 2 -rich fluids at mantle conditions (1989)

Meen, James K. ; Eggler, David H. ; Ayers, John C.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 340 (1989), S. 301-303

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] Mysen10 determined concentrations of samarium in diopsides equilibrated with CO2-rich fluid at 20-30 kbar, 900-1,100 á°C. Values of the distribution coefficient for samarium between CO2 FIG. 1 The size of diopside grains against their homogenization time. The grains were crystallized ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/340301a0

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6

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Elevation of potassium content of basaltic magma by fractional crystallization: the effect of pressure (1990)

Meen, James K.

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 104 (1990), S. 309-331

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract A wide range of natural quartz-normative liquids crystallizes olivine at low pressure. Addition of K2O to the system results in expansion of the olivine primary phase field and replacement of pigeonite (stable in the K-free system) by hypersthene. Some variation in phase relations results from depression of crystallization temperature towards the temperature at which pigeonite reacts to form augite and hypersthene because of addition of K2O. Another important influence on phase relations results from cation interactions in the liquid related to addition of K2O. Studies of crystallization behavior of materials similar in most elements except K2O show that K2O content markedly alters crystallization behavior for more siliceous liquids but appears to have less effect on liquids with lower SiO2 contents. Low-Ca pyroxenes melt congruently at P〉≈5 kbar, so anhydrous liquids coprecipitate olivine, plagioclase, and two pyroxenes. Addition of K2O to the liquid has the same effect as at 1 atm. Hypersthene replaces pigeonite as the Low-Ca pyroxene crystallization from liquids with 〉≈1.5% K2O and the olivine primary phase field grows at the expense of those of pyroxenes and plagioclase. At 10 kbar, olivine may develop a reaction relationship with liquids containing 〉≈6% K2O. At 15 kbar, however, liquids evolve to a pseudoeutectic involving alkali feldspar. The systematic variation in phase relations has important consequences for magmatic evolution in different environments. Dry mafic liquids at shallow levels in oceanic areas can crystallize olivine until the liquid is very evolved, resulting in extreme SiO2-enrichment besides enrichment in K2O, and producing potassic dacites. Olivine coexists with liquids with up to 54% SiO2 if K2O=0.6% (Grove and Baker 1984) but as much as 63% SiO2 if K2O≈3.5% (Ussler and Glazner 1989). Magmas rising beneath light continental crust may pond at the Moho and evolve to low-density liquids that can rise to the surface. Coprecipitation of olivine, plagioclase, augite, and a low-Ca pyroxene, produces enrichment in K2O with only slight enrichment in SiO2. This is terminated, at pressures of 6 to, possibly, 12 kbar, by development of a reaction relationship of olivine and liquid that progresses to higher K2O contents with pressure. At pressures as high as 15 kbar, the reaction relation may not develop and only crystallization of alkali feldspar suppresses K2O-enrichment. Any magmatic H2O or crustal contamination may modify phase relations. The phase relations do, however, suggest that variation in K2O:SiO2 of evolved volcanic rocks is related to crustal thickness rather than to variation in the chemical compositions of primary magmas.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321487

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7

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Formation of shoshonites from calcalkaline basalt magmas: geochemical and experimental constraints from the type locality (1987)

Meen, James K.

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 97 (1987), S. 333-351

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Independence volcano, Montana is a major center of the Absaroka volcanic field, from which absarokite, shoshonite, and banakite were originally defined. One magmatic trend at Independence volcano, from high-alumina tholeiitic basalt through shoshonite to high-K dacite, may be modeled by fractional crystallization of observed phenocryst phases (plagioclase, hypersthene, augite, and magnetite). Trace-element and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of rocks are consistent with this model. Compositions of partial melts from experiments on four rocks at 1 atm and at 10 kbar demonstrate that rock compositions represent a nearly-anhydrous liquid line of descent at a pressure much closer to 10 kbar than to 1 atm. The line of descent involves crystallization of orthopyroxene, not olivine, resulting in strong enrichment in K2O with little increase in SiO2. Crystallization at either lower pressures or with water present, involving olivine, results in enrichment in both SiO2 and K2O. High-pressure (10 kbar) fractional crystallization of basaltic magma, resulting in formation of shoshonites, may occur at the base of thick crust (e.g., in continental interiors or in very mature arcs). At least a portion of the relationship between K2O content of arc-related magmas and depth to the Benioff Zone may be attributed to thickening of crust towards the back-arc, resulting in higher pressures of fractionation in Moho-level chambers.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371997

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Chemical and isotopic compositions of Absaroka granitoids, Southwestern Montana (1989)

Meen, James K. ; Eggler, David H.

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 102 (1989), S. 462-477

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Contents of major and most trace elements of granitoids in three intrusions associated with the Cretaceous Independence volcanic complex, Montana, correlate well with SiO2. Major-element contents in granitoids in each intrusion are accurately modeled as mixtures of minimum melts and phenocryst assemblages (presumably restite). Restite assemblages are hypersthene+augite+plagioclase, hornblende+plagioclase, and biotite+plagioclase+quartz. Residues of melting are granulite or amphibolite. Melts in two of the bodies were LREE-enriched but unfractionated in MREE and HREE. REE patterns are consistent with residues dominated by pyroxene or amphibole and feldspar. Initial 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb of granitoids define a line interpreted as a secondary isochron established during crustal homogenization 3.3 Ga ago. The relatively low μ of source rocks (8.25) suggests that they did not spend long in U-rich environments. Source regions had variable trace element patterns; Th/Pb and U/Pb were correlated, Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd moderately well correlated, but Rb/Sr and U/Pb were decoupled. This is consistent with poor correlation of Rb, Sr and Ba with SiO2 in some granitoids and may suggest that minor phases that concentrate these elements were inhomogeneously distributed in source regions. The source probably consisted of LREE-rich, Rb-poor metamorphic rocks. Archean amphibolites, exposed in the Beartooth Mountains, are similar to the postulated source materials. They contain plagioclase, hornblende, minor quartz, biotite, and muscovite, and have low Rb/Sr and high LREE/HREE. Certain trace-element characteristics of the granitoids indicate that the deep crust in this part of Montana may be dominated by metamorphosed mafic-intermediate lavas that formed on the sea-floor. Metapelites, intercalated with amphibolites at the surface, were rare in granitoid source regions. This buried supracrustal pile was isotopically homogenized ≈3.3 Ga ago. Although some material melted ≈2.7 Ga ago to form granites that dominate the exposed basement, enough remained fertile that heating by mantle-derived magmas 85–90 Ma ago produced the granitic rocks at Independence.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371088

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