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  • 1
    ISSN: 1047-8477
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: To define the ultrastructural accommodation of mineral crystals by collagen fibrils and other organic matrix components during vertebrate calcification, electron microscopic 3-D reconstructions were generated from the normally mineralizing leg tendons from the domestic turkey, Meleagris gallopavo. Embedded specimens containing initial collagen mineralizing sites were cut into 0.5-micron-thick sections and viewed and photographed at 1.0 MV in the Albany AEI-EM7 high-voltage electron microscope. Tomographic 3-D reconstructions were computed from a 2 degree tilt series of micrographs taken over a minimum angular range of +/- 60 degrees. Reconstructions of longitudinal tendon profiles confirm the presence of irregularly shaped mineral platelets, whose crystallographic c-axes are oriented generally parallel to one another and directed along the collagen long axes. The reconstructions also corroborate observations of a variable crystal length (up to 170 nm measured along crystallographic c-axes), the presence of crystals initially in either the hole or overlap zones of collagen, and crystal growth in the c-axis direction beyond these zones into adjacent overlap and other hole regions. Tomography shows for the first time that crystal width varies (30-45 nm) but crystal thickness is uniform (approximately 4-6 nm at the resolution limit of tomography); more crystals are located in the collagen hole zones than in the overlap regions at the earliest stages of tendon mineralization; the crystallographic c-axes of the platelets lie within +/- 15-20 degrees of one another rather than being perfectly parallel; adjacent platelets are spatially separated by a minimum of 4.2 +/- 1.0 nm; crystals apparently fuse in coplanar alignment to form larger platelets; development of crystals in width occurs to dimensions beyond single collagen hole zones; and a thin envelope of organic origin may be present along or just beneath the surfaces of individual mineral platelets. Implicit in the results is that the formation of crystals occurs at different sites and times by independent nucleation events in local regions of collagen. These data provide the first direct visual evidence from 3-D imaging describing the size, shape, orientation, and growth of mineral crystals in association with collagen of a normally mineralizing vertebrate tissue. They support concepts that c-axial crystal growth is unhindered by collage hole zone dimensions, that crystals are organized in the tendon in a series of generally parallel platelets, and that crystal growth in width across collagen fibrils may follow channels or grooves formed by adjacent hole zones in register.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of structural biology (ISSN 1047-8477); 110; 1; 39-54
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of American Association for the Advancement of Science for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science 311 (2006): 388-391, doi:10.1126/science.1122142.
    Description: The stable propagation of genetic material during cell division depends on the congression of chromosomes to the spindle equator before the cell initiates anaphase. It is generally assumed that congression requires that chromosomes are connected to the opposite poles of the bipolar spindle (i.e., “bi-oriented”). We found that chromosomes can congress before becoming bioriented. By combining the use of reversible chemical inhibitors, live-cell light microscopy and correlative electron microscopy, we found that mono-oriented chromosomes could glide towards the spindle equator alongside kinetochore fibers attached to other already bi-oriented chromosomes. This congression mechanism depended on the kinetochore-associated plus enddirected microtubule motor CENP-E (kinesin-7).
    Description: Supported by grants from the NIH (GM59363 to A.K., GM65933 to T.M.K., GM24364 to E.D.S, and GM06627 to B.F.M)
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-06-22
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in MacKenzie, S., Neveu, M., Davila, A., Lunine, J., Cable, M., Phillips-Lander, C., Eigenbrode, J., Waite, J., Craft, K., Hofgartner, J., McKay, C., Glein, C., Burton, D., Kounaves, S., Mathies, R., Vance, S., Malaska, M., Gold, R., German, C., Soderlund, K. M., Willis, P., Freissinet, C., McEwen, A. S., Brucato, J. R., de Vera, J-P. P., Hoehler, T. M., Heldmann, J. Science objectives for flagship-class mission concepts for the search for evidence of life at Enceladus. Astrobiology, 22(6), (2022): 685-712. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2020.2425.
    Description: Cassini revealed that Saturn's Moon Enceladus hosts a subsurface ocean that meets the accepted criteria for habitability with bio-essential elements and compounds, liquid water, and energy sources available in the environment. Whether these conditions are sufficiently abundant and collocated to support life remains unknown and cannot be determined from Cassini data. However, thanks to the plume of oceanic material emanating from Enceladus’ south pole, a new mission to Enceladus could search for evidence of life without having to descend through kilometers of ice. In this article, we outline the science motivations for such a successor to Cassini, choosing the primary science goal to be determining whether Enceladus is inhabited and assuming a resource level equivalent to NASA's Flagship-class missions. We selected a set of potential biosignature measurements that are complementary and orthogonal to build a robust case for any life detection result. This result would be further informed by quantifications of the habitability of the environment through geochemical and geophysical investigations into the ocean and ice shell crust. This study demonstrates that Enceladus’ plume offers an unparalleled opportunity for in situ exploration of an Ocean World and that the planetary science and astrobiology community is well equipped to take full advantage of it in the coming decades.
    Description: This work was supported by grant 80NSSC20K0136 of the NASA Planetary Mission Concept Studies Program. Some of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). C.R.G. acknowledges support from the Exploring Ocean Worlds (ExOW) project (NASA Award: 80NSSC19K1427).
    Keywords: Enceladus ; Mission ; Life detection ; Habitability
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sandifer, P., Knapp, L., Lichtveld, M., Manley, R., Abramson, D., Caffey, R., Cochran, D., Collier, T., Ebi, K., Engel, L., Farrington, J., Finucane, M., Hale, C., Halpern, D., Harville, E., Hart, L., Hswen, Y., Kirkpatrick, B., McEwen, B., Morris, G., Orbach, R., Palinkas, L., Partyka, M., Porter, D., Prather, A. A., Rowles, T., Scott, G., Seeman, T., Solo-Gabriele, H., Svendsen, E., Tincher, T., Trtanj, J., Walker, A. H., Yehuda, R., Yip, F., Yoskowitz, D., & Singer, B. Framework for a community health observing system for the Gulf of Mexico Region: preparing for future disasters. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, (2020): 578463, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.578463.
    Description: The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) region is prone to disasters, including recurrent oil spills, hurricanes, floods, industrial accidents, harmful algal blooms, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. The GoM and other regions of the U.S. lack sufficient baseline health information to identify, attribute, mitigate, and facilitate prevention of major health effects of disasters. Developing capacity to assess adverse human health consequences of future disasters requires establishment of a comprehensive, sustained community health observing system, similar to the extensive and well-established environmental observing systems. We propose a system that combines six levels of health data domains, beginning with three existing, national surveys and studies plus three new nested, longitudinal cohort studies. The latter are the unique and most important parts of the system and are focused on the coastal regions of the five GoM States. A statistically representative sample of participants is proposed for the new cohort studies, stratified to ensure proportional inclusion of urban and rural populations and with additional recruitment as necessary to enroll participants from particularly vulnerable or under-represented groups. Secondary data sources such as syndromic surveillance systems, electronic health records, national community surveys, environmental exposure databases, social media, and remote sensing will inform and augment the collection of primary data. Primary data sources will include participant-provided information via questionnaires, clinical measures of mental and physical health, acquisition of biological specimens, and wearable health monitoring devices. A suite of biomarkers may be derived from biological specimens for use in health assessments, including calculation of allostatic load, a measure of cumulative stress. The framework also addresses data management and sharing, participant retention, and system governance. The observing system is designed to continue indefinitely to ensure that essential pre-, during-, and post-disaster health data are collected and maintained. It could also provide a model/vehicle for effective health observation related to infectious disease pandemics such as COVID-19. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive, disaster-focused health observing system such as the one proposed here currently in existence or planned elsewhere. Significant strengths of the GoM Community Health Observing System (CHOS) are its longitudinal cohorts and ability to adapt rapidly as needs arise and new technologies develop.
    Description: This project was supported in part by contract # C-231826 between the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, on behalf of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, and the College of Charleston. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, the College of Charleston, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mention of private companies, trade names, or products does not imply endorsement of any kind.
    Keywords: Health observing system ; Disasters ; Gulf of Mexico ; Cohort studies ; Stress ; COVID-19 ; Allostatic load ; Health surveillance
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-10-20
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zhang, Y., Ryan, J. P., Kieft, B., Hobson, B. W., McEwen, R. S., Godin, M. A., Harvey, J. B., Barone, B., Bellingham, J. G., Birch, J. M., Scholin, C. A., & Chavez, F. P. Targeted sampling by autonomous underwater vehicles. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 (2019): 415, doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00415.
    Description: In the vast ocean, many ecologically important phenomena are temporally episodic, localized in space, and move according to local currents. To effectively study these complex and evolving phenomena, methods that enable autonomous platforms to detect and respond to targeted phenomena are required. Such capabilities allow for directed sensing and water sample acquisition in the most relevant and informative locations, as compared against static grid surveys. To meet this need, we have designed algorithms for autonomous underwater vehicles that detect oceanic features in real time and direct vehicle and sampling behaviors as dictated by research objectives. These methods have successfully been applied in a series of field programs to study a range of phenomena such as harmful algal blooms, coastal upwelling fronts, and microbial processes in open-ocean eddies. In this review we highlight these applications and discuss future directions.
    Description: This work was supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. The 2015 experiment in Monterey Bay was partially supported by NOAA Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) Grant NA11NOS4780030. The 2018 SCOPE Hawaiian Eddy Experiment was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0962032 and OCE-1337601), Simons Foundation Grant #329108, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant #3777, #3794, and #2728), and the Schmidt Ocean Institute for R/V Falkor Cruise FK180310. Publication of this paper was funded by the Schmidt Ocean Institute.
    Keywords: Targeted sampling ; Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) ; Phytoplankton patch ; Upwelling front ; Open-ocean eddy
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-08-09
    Description: Jupiter’s large moon Io is intensely tidally heated and is covered by 〉100 very active volcanic centers (greater than Kilauea’s average heat flow). These are high-temperature eruptions that can be monitored remotely, even from Earth-based telescopes. However, there are multiple key questions that can only be answered by a spacecraft mission dedicated to Io: Is the magma dominantly mafic or ultramafic in composition? Are the eruptions sourced directly from the mantle or from shallow magma chambers? What is the role of sulfur and sulfur compounds in the volcanism? What is Io’s total heat flow and how does it vary with latitude and longitude? How does the volcanism relate to the tectonics producing 〉10 km high mountains? What is the distribution of melt in Io’s interior? Is there a magma ocean? Is the orbital resonance creating the tidal heat in equilibrium or does it vary periodically? How has Io evolved over time? A spacecraft mission with at least 10 close flybys of Io can address these questions, provided it carries the right science payload including visible cameras designed to measure liquid lava temperatures as well as map the surface topography and monitor activity, thermal-IR cameras sensitive from 1-50 microns, magnetometer and gravity science experiments to understand interior melt and lithospheric thickness, and a mass spectrometer to measure the composition of erupted gases. This is the basic concept of the Io Volcano Observer mission concept, which will be expanded for NASA’s New Frontiers mission opportunity, with substantial European collaborations.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 23 (1975), S. 90-95 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 24 (1985), S. 1656-1660 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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