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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioenergetics-Based Model for Accumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Nestling Tree Swallows, Tachycineta bicolor (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 604-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00003a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid deposition and drinking water (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 19 (1985), S. 772-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00139a002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL, GEOGRAPHICALLY SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY CRITERIA: A CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY ANALYSIS APPROACH (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: The need for scientifically defensible water quality standards for nonpoint source pollution control continues to be a pressing environmental issue. The probability of impact at differing levels of nonpoint source pollution was determined using the biological response of instream organisms empirically obtained from a statistical survey. A conditional probability analysis was used to calculate a biological threshold of impact as a function of the likelihood of exceeding a given value of pollution metric for a specified geographic area. Uncertainty and natural variability were inherently incorporated into the analysis through the use of data from a probabilistic survey. Data from wadable streams in the mid-Atlantic area of the U.S. were used to demonstrate the approach. Benthic macroinvertebrate community index values (EPT taxa richness) were used to identify impacted stream communities. Percent fines in substrate (silt/clay fraction, 〉 0.06 mm) were used as a surrogate indicator for sedimentation. Thresholds of impact due to sedimentation were identified by three different techniques, and were in the range of 12 to 15 percent fines. These values were consistent with existing literature from laboratory and field studies on the impact of sediments on aquatic life in freshwater streams. All results were different from values determined from current regulatory guidance. Finally, it was illustrated how these thresholds could be used to develop criterion for protection of aquatic life in streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03795.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS* (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 35 (2004), S. 89-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1543-592X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ecological indicators have widespread appeal to scientists, environmental managers, and the general public. Indicators have long been used to detect changes in nature, but the scientific maturation in indicator development primarily has occurred in the past 40 years. Currently, indicators are mainly used to assess the condition of the environment, as early-warning signals of ecological problems, and as barometers for trends in ecological resources. Use of ecological indicators requires clearly stated objectives; the recognition of spatial and tempor al scales; assessments of statistical variability, precision, and accuracy; linkages with specific stressors; and coupling with economic and social indicators. Legislatively mandated use of ecological indicators occurs in many countries worldwide and is included in international accords. As scientific advancements and innovation in the development and use of ecological indicators continue through applications of molecular biology, computer technology such as geographic information systems, data management such as bioinformatics, and remote sensing, our ability to apply ecological indicators to detect signals of environmental change will be substantially enhanced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130132
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of a grazing phytoplanktivorous fish and growth enhancement of the grazed alga (1985)
    Springer
    Oecologia 67 (1985), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The blue tilapia, Tilapia aurea, consumes the green alga, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, with some algal cells passing through the gut in viable condition. Grazing fish grew and the grazed algal populations had enhanced densities compared to ungrazed populations. Algal growth enhancement was not produced by either bacteria or fish excreting an algal limiting nutrient. Possible ingestion and digestion of bacterial cells by the fish might release nutrients to the algal cells that were otherwise unavailable. Blue tilapia may be affecting algal communities in ways other than by passive size selection. Enhancement of algal growth by the blue tilapia could have important implications for understanding the phytoplankton dynamics in waters containing blue tilapia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378464
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon budgets for a phytoplanktivorous fish fed three different unialgal populations (1985)
    Springer
    Oecologia 66 (1985), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The filter feeding blue tilapia, Tilapia aurea, was fed three different algae. Blue tilapia ingestion of two green algae, Chlamydomonas sp. and Ankistrodesmus falcatus and the filamentous blue-green alga, Anabaena flos-aquae, ranged from 21%–89% of the available cells. There were significant differences in the assimilation of algal carbon by the fish depending on the alga fed; A. flos-aquae was the easiest to assimilate (83%). The fish respired significantly less of the Chlamydomonas sp. ingested carbon (15%). The gross growth efficiency of fishes fed either green alga was not significantly different (22%–24%), but these efficiencies were significantly less than the gross growth efficiency of fish fed A. flos-aquae (46%). The carbon budgets for fish feeding on the green algae were similar to that constructed from the literature for a congener fed a mixed algae diet. However, the assimilation component of the budget for blue tilapia fed A. flos-aquae was 2 times greater than that of the literature budget.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379861
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between a phytoplanktivorous fish, Oreochromis aureus, and two unialgal forage populations (1987)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 18 (1987), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Grazing ; Growth ; Green alga ; Blue-green alga ; Anabaena ; Chlamydomonas Synopsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Juvenile blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, consume both the motile green alga, Chlamydomonas sp., and the filamentous blue-green alga, Anabaena sp. Results from a grazing experiment showed little difference between the densities of grazed and ungrazed populations of Chlamydomonas, but did show a decrease in density and growth rate in the grazed Anabaena population relative to an ungrazed population. Tilapia ingesting Chlamydomonas lost weight, similar to the weight loss of unfed control fish. However, fish fed Anabaena gained weight. This study provides further evidence that blue tilapia grazing may structure phytoplankton communities directly, and their grazing could shift phytoplankton communities from dominance by large blue-green algae towards dominance by green algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000362
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution, production, and age structure of slimy sculpin in an Arctic lake (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 7 (1982), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Cottus cognatus ; Vertical population gradient ; Rocky littoral zone ; Habitat preference ; Aging ; Growth ; Alaska ; Latitudinal differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Slimy sculpins (Cottus cognatus) were caught in the littoral region of Toolik Lake, an arctic lake. These sculpins grew slower and lived longer (71 mm at 8+ years) than more southerly populations. Sculpin distribution along the slope of the rocky littoral zone was greatest at the 3.5 m depth and coincided with the rock-mud interface. The hypothesis that this ‘preferred’ area provided both increased prey and reduced predation was advanced. Yearly production estimate of littoral sculpins was 0.40 g · m−2 · yr−1 with a P/B ratio of 0.36. This is considerably less than estimates for more southerly populations of the same species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001788
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 64 (2000), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006304025103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cost of predation avoidance in young-of-year lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): growth differential in sub-optimal habitats (1992)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 240 (1992), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: lake trout ; predation risk ; zooplankton ; diet ; bioenergetics ; habitat ; lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Selection of habitat to avoid predation may affect the diet of young-of-year (YOY) lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). YOY lake trout may use inshore habitat to avoid predation; this habitat may be sub-optimal for growth. To test this, YOY lake trout were penned in nearshore and offshore pelagic areas of two arctic lakes. Toolik Lake had a lake trout population, the other lake, S6, did not. YOY lake trout in Toolik Lake lost weight, but those offshore lost less weight. The YOY lake trout in Lake S6 gained weight and those offshore gained more weight. The primary diet item of the YOY lake trout in both lakes during this experiment was the zooplankter Diaptomis probilofensis; it was also one of the most abundant species. However, its density inshore in Lake S6 was similar to inshore and offshore densities in Toolik Lake. The increased availability of alternative zooplankton prey in Lake S6 may account for the growth differential of YOY lake trout in Lake S6 relative to Toolik Lake. Bioenergetic modeling of YOY lake trout suggests that growth similar to that in the offshore of Lake S6 would be necessary for successful recruitment. If the reduced zooplankton availability in Toolik Lake leads to the reduced growth of YOY in the inshore and offshore pelagic areas, then these fish will be more susceptable to winter predation/starvation. For YOY lake trout to survive in Toolik Lake they most likely shift to feeding on benthic prey before the end of their first summer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013462
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