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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a novel soil tilting table apparatus to demonstrate the horizontal and vertical movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key wordsCryptosporidium parvum ; Livestock waste ; Runoff ; Pollution ; Soil tilting tables ; Protozoa ; Oocysts ; Transfer routes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A novel greenhouse based soil tilting table apparatus was used to investigate the potential for movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum both through and across a low permeability soil following the application of contaminated livestock waste to land. Soil blocks supported at an angle of 7.5% by the soil table were inoculated at one end with oocyst seeded slurry and subsequently irrigated at regular intervals over a 70-day period. Movement of the pathogen in runoff was demonstrated for at least 21 days and in one case in excess of 70 days from the time of inoculation. Water was also lost following percolation down through the soil profile and significant numbers of oocysts were also lost via this route, average numbers leached decreasing from 8.36 ± 0.56 × 106 at day 1 to 2.27 ± 0.73 × 104 at day 70. At the end of the study cores were removed from the soil blocks to determine the location of oocysts remaining within the soil. Numbers decreased down through the soil profile and as the distance from the point of inoculation increased so that 70 cm from the point of inoculation no oocysts could be detected in the soil at any depth. This implies that oocysts contained in runoff stay in the aqueous phase and do not precipitate out onto the soil surface, suggesting that even if the distances travelled are increased there may still be a significant pollution threat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336066
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum through three contrasting soil types (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 21 (1996), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum ; Livestock waste ; Pathogens ; Oocysts ; Soil cores ; Drinking water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The potential for transfer of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum through soil to land drains and, subsequently, water courses following the application of livestock waste to land was monitored in the laboratory using simulated rainfall and intact soil cores. Following irrigation over a 21-day period, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts applied to the surface of soil cores (initial inoculum concentration 1×108 oocysts core−1) were detected, albeit in low numbers, in the leachates from clay loam and silty loam soils but not in that from a loamy sand soil. Variations in leaching patterns were recorded between replicate cores. At the end of the study soil cores were destructively sampled to establish the location of oocysts remaining within the soil. Distribution within cores was similar in all three soil types. The majority (72.8+-5.2%) of oocysts were found in the top 2 cm of soil, with numbers decreasing with increasing depth to 13.2±2.8%, 8.39±1.4%, and 5.36±1.4% at depths of 10, 20, and 30 cm, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335990
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous defoliation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) and associated changes in the composition and activity of the microbial population of an upland grassland soil (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 52-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Defoliation ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial populations ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Respiration ; BacteriaFungi ; Upland grassland Upland soil ; Pseudomonas spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A microcosm study was conducted to investigate the effect of continuons plant defoliation on the composition and activity of microbial populations in the rhizosphere of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Continuons defoliation of ryegrass and clover resulted in sigmficant (P 〈0.01) increases in soil microbial biomass, although whilst increases were measured from day 2 in soil sown with clover significant increases were only seen from day 21 in soil sown with ryegrass. These increases were paralleled, from day 10 onwards, by increases in the numbers of culturable bacteria. Numbers ofPsendomonas spp. also increased in the later stages of the study. No influence on culturable fungal populations was detected. Whilst shifts in the composition of the microbial populations were measured in response to defoliation there was little effect on microbial activity. No changes in either dehydrogenase activity or microbial respiration in the rhizosphere of ryegrass or clover were measured in response to defoliation, but both dehydrogenase activity and microbial respiration were greater in ryegrass than clover when values over the whole study were combined. Continuous defoliation resulted in significant (P 〈0.001) reductions in the root dry weight of ryegrass and clover, of the order 19% and 16%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420220
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionospheric Scattering of Satellite Transmissions (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 906-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The 40 Mc./s. transmission from Sputnik I has been recorded at Cambridge by Kent1. It was observed to fade rapidly at night, but only when the satellite was to the north of Cambridge. The transition to or from this rapidly fading condition was quite abrupt. Kent has concluded that the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/189906a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cattle movements and bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain (2005)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 435 (2005), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For 20 years, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) has been spreading in Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland) and is now endemic in the southwest and parts of central England and in southwest Wales, and occurs sporadically elsewhere. Although its transmission pathways remain poorly understood, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03548
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-latitude radio-satellite scintillation - The morphology near sunspot minimum
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 17 (1969), S. 1161-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0032-0633(69)90008-7
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-latitude radio-satellite scintillation: The height of the irregularities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Planetary and Space Science 18 (1970), S. 1785-1791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-0633
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0032-0633(70)90011-5
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous defoliation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) and associated changes in the composition and activity of the microbial population of an upland grassland soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1996), S. 52-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Defoliation ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial populations ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Respiration ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Upland grassland ; Upland soil ; Pseudomonas spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A microcosm study was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous plant defoliation on the composition and activity of microbial populations in the rhizosphere of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Continuous defoliation of ryegrass and clover resulted in significant (P〈0.01) increases in soil microbial biomass, although whilst increases were measured from day 2 in soil sown with clover significant increases were only seen from day 21 in soil sown with ryegrass. These increases were paralleled, from day 10 onwards, by increases in the numbers of culturable bacteria. Numbers of Pseudomonas spp. also increased in the later stages of the study. No influence on culturable fungal populations was detected. Whilst shifts in the composition of the microbial populations were measured in response to defoliation there was little effect on microbial activity. No changes in either dehydrogenase activity or microbial respiration in the rhizosphere of ryegrass or clover were measured in response to defoliation, but both dehydrogenase activity and microbial respiration were greater in ryegrass than clover when values over the whole study were combined. Continuous defoliation resulted in significant (P〈0.001) reductions in the root dry weight of ryegrass and clover, of the order 19% and 16%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420220
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a novel soil tilting table apparatus to demonstrate the horizontal and vertical movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum ; Livestock waste ; Runoff ; Pollution ; Soil tilting tables ; Protozoa ; Oocysts ; Transfer routes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A novel greenhouse based soil tilting table apparatus was used to investigate the potential for movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum both through and across a low permeability soil following the application of contaminated livestock waste to land. Soil blocks supported at an angle of 7.5% by the soil table were inoculated at one end with oocyst seeded slurry and subsequently irrigated at regular intervals over a 70-day period. Movement of the pathogen in runoff was demonstrated for at least 21 days and in one case in excess of 70 days from the time of inoculation. Water was also lost following percolation down through the soil profile and significant numbers of oocysts were also lost via this route, average numbers leached decreasing from 8.36±0.56×106 at day 1 to 2.27±0.73×104 at day 70. At the end of the study cores were removed from the soil blocks to determine the location of oocysts remaining within the soil. Numbers decreased down through the soil profile and as the distance from the point of inoculation increased so that 70 cm from the point of inoculation no oocysts could be detected in the soil at any depth. This implies that oocysts contained in runoff stay in the aqueous phase and do not precipitate out onto the soil surface, suggesting that even if the distances travelled are increased there may still be a significant pollution threat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336066
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approach to multi-criterion evaluation of irrigation system performance (1991)
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 5 (1991), S. 61-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: evaluation ; irrigation ; management ; performance ; Sudan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Irrigation systems aim to meet multiple objectives and performance must therefore be assessed using quantifiable measures for each. It therefore becomes an extremely difficult task to capture the valuation of all of them simultaneously and to mentally process the trade-offs between them in order to arrive at an overall impression of system performance. There is a need for a methodology which provides a systematic approach to comparing and combining the components of overall performance. Multi-Attribute Utility Theory offers an attractive approach to assessing performance of irrigation systems in the form of a utility function which reflects the strength of preferences and trade-offs between individual performance criteria. The method is described and demonstrated on the basis of a case study of irrigation in Sudan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01102777
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