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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Göttingen : Selbstverlag des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme/Waldsterben der Universität Göttingen
    Call number: PIK W 511-93-0197
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 217 S.
    Series Statement: Berichte des Forschungszentrums Waldökosysteme/Waldsterben, Reihe A 40
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Call number: PIK W 511-04-0187
    In: Ecological studies
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXII, 498 S
    ISBN: 3540209735
    Series Statement: Ecological studies 172
    Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2004
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: forest ; ion budgets ; seepage output ; soil solution ; spatial variation ; throughfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In this study we investigated the spatial and temporal variation in soil solution chemistry and of water and ion fluxes through the soil in a forest ecosystem. Our aim was to evaluate the relevance of these variations for the accuracy of average areal soil solution concentrations and ion fluxes with seepage at 90 cm depth. Twenty spatially distinct ‘subcompartments’ of approximately 1 m2 were established within a mature stand of Norway spruce and ceramic suction lysimeters were installed at depths of 20, 35 and 90 cm. A tensiometer was placed close to each suction lysimeter, and one throughfall sampler was established for each subcompartment. Soil solution samples were analysed for major ions (H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cl-, NO 3 - , SO 4 2- . We calculated water fluxes for each subcompartment separately by a numeric simulation of the soil water flux close to the lysimeters. The ion fluxes at each lysimeter were calculated by multiplying the simulated water fluxes with the ion concentrations on a fortnightly base. Averaging these 20 independent ion fluxes gave the areal average flux and an estimate of its statistical accuracy. The spatial variation of ion concentrations in the soil solution was high with coefficients of variance ranging from 5% to 128%. Part of the spatial variation was related to stem distance. Temporal variation of the concentrations was less than spatial for most ions. The spatial variation of water and ion fluxes with seepage was also substantial; for example the fluxes of SO 4 2- -S calculated for each subcompartment ranged from 21 to 119 kg ha-1 yr-1, with an arithmetic average of 47 kg ha-1 yr-1. For H2O, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO 4 2- , the spatial heterogeneity of seepage fluxes was largely explained by the heterogeneity of throughfall fluxes. No such relationship was found for nitrogen. Despite using 20 replicates, the 95% confidence intervals of the average annual areal fluxes with seepage were found to be 20–30% for most ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 218 (2000), S. 117-125 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Fagus sylvatica L. ; nitrification ; nitrogen mineralization ; nitrogen uptake ; spatial heterogeneity ; stemflow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests, a large proportion of the water and ion input to the soil results from stemflow which creates a soil microsite of high element fluxes proximal to the tree trunk. The soil proximal to the stem is considered to have different rates of nitrogen turnover which might influence the estimation of N-turnover rates at the stand scale. In a previous study we reported high nitrate fluxes with seepage proximal to the stems in a forest dominated by European beech in Steigerwald, Germany. Here, we investigated the soil nitrogen turnover in the top 15 cm soil in proximal (defined as 1 m2 around beech stems) and distal stem areas. Laboratory incubations and in situ sequential coring incubations were used to determine the net rates of ammonification, nitrification, and root uptake of mineral nitrogen. In the laboratory incubations higher rates of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were found in the forest floor proximal to the stem as compared to distal stem areas. No stem related differences were observed in case of mineral soil samples. In contrast, the in situ incubations revealed higher rates of nitrification in the mineral soil in proximal stem areas, while net nitrogen mineralization was equal in proximal and distal areas. In the in situ incubations the average ratio of nitrification/ammonification was 0.85 in proximal and 0.34 in distal stem areas. The net nitrogen mineralization was 4.4 g N m-2 90 day-1 in both areas. Mineralized nitrogen was almost completely taken up by tree roots with ammonium as the dominant nitrogen species. The average ratio of nitrate/ammonium uptake was 0.69 in proximal and 0.20 in distal areas. The higher water content of the soil in proximal stem areas is considered to be the major reason for the increased rates of nitrification. Different nitrogen turnover rates in proximal stem areas had no influence on the nitrogen turnover rates in soil at the stand scale. Consequently, the observed high nitrate fluxes with seepage proximal to stems are attributed to the high nitrogen input by stemflow rather than to soil nitrogen turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium complexation ; bulk soil ; Norway spruce ; nutrient concentration ; rhizosphere ; soil solution chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Active tree roots influence the soil chemistry in their immediate vicinity, the rhizosphere. For the first time, the extent and stability of in situ concentration gradients of major cations and anions in the soil solution around tree roots were studied in the field. Micro suction cups were installed in an acidic forest soil using a root window in a 145-year-old Norway spruce stand. Samples were collected once a week during the growing season from the rhizosphere and from the bulk soil of a non-mycorrhizal long root and of a mycorrhizal root net. For comparison, micro suction cups were installed proximal and distal to a long root in a rhizotron under controlled conditions (homogenised soil, constant water potential, nutrient solution) at the same site. Small volumes of soil solutions were analysed for NH4 +, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, NO3 -, Cl- and SO4 2- by capillary electrophoresis. Total-Al was measured with ICP-AES micro injection, complexed-Al was calculated as the difference between total-Al and Al3+. pH values were determined with an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) sensor. In both set-ups a significant increase of the K+ concentrations was observed in the rhizosphere as compared to the bulk soil solutions of the non-mycorrhizal long roots. The concentrations of Al3+, H+ and NH4 + were lower in the rhizosphere. No gradients were observed for Mg2+ and Ca2+ at the root window. A significant depletion of these ions was found in the rhizosphere of the long root only in the rhizotron. In the case of the mycorrhizal roots, contrasting results were found with significantly higher concentrations of Al3+, Mg2+, H+, SO4 2- and Cl-, and significantly lower K+ concentrations in the rhizosphere. The extension of the gradients was estimated at about 2.5 to 5 mm for the long roots and 1 mm for the mycorrhizal roots. The observed gradients varied strongly with time. In conclusion, for Norway spruce, the effect of non-mycorrhizal long roots on the rhizosphere chemistry differs from that of mycorrhizal roots. Evaluating nutrient availability and the risk of Al3+ toxicity to tree roots from bulk soil analysis can be misleading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-03-07
    Print ISSN: 0277-5212
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-6246
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-0717
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3428
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-11-09
    Description: The desiccation of upper soil horizons is a common phenomenon, leading to a decrease in soil microbial activity and mineralization. Recent studies have shown that fungal communities and fungal-based food webs are less sensitive and better adapted to soil desiccation than bacterial-based food webs. One reason for a better fungal adaptation to soil desiccation may be hydraulic redistribution of water by mycelia networks. Here we show that a saprotrophic fungus (Agaricus bisporus) redistributes water from moist (–0.03 MPa) into dry (–9.5 MPa) soil at about 0.3 cm⋅min−1 in single hyphae, resulting in an increase in soil water potential after 72 h. The increase in soil moisture by hydraulic redistribution significantly enhanced carbon mineralization by 2,800% and enzymatic activity by 250–350% in the previously dry soil compartment within 168 h. Our results demonstrate that hydraulic redistribution can partly compensate water deficiency if water is available in other zones of the mycelia network. Hydraulic redistribution is likely one of the mechanisms behind higher drought resistance of soil fungi compared with bacteria. Moreover, hydraulic redistribution by saprotrophic fungi is an underrated pathway of water transport in soils and may lead to a transfer of water to zones of high fungal activity.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-0717
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3428
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Elsevier
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