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  • 1
    Unknown
    Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis, Part II (2002)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: data analysis ; earthquake ; modelling ; numerical simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics in Part II range from the 3-D simulations of earthquake generation cycles and interseismic crustal deformation associated with plate subduction to the development of new methods for analyzing geophysical and geodetical data and new simulation algorithms for large amplitude folding and mantle convection with viscoelastic/brittle lithosphere, as well as a theoretical study of accelerated seismic release on heterogeneous faults, simulation of long-range automaton models of earthquakes, and various approaches to earthquake predicition based on underlying physical and/or statistical models for seismicity change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764369163
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/159/10/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Computational Earthquake Science, Part II (2004)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371432
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/161/11/
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Computational Earthquake Science, Part I (2004)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764371425
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/161/9/
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis, Part I (2002)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: data analysis ; earthquake ; modelling ; numerical simulation
    Description / Table of Contents: In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics covered in Part I range from the microscopic simulation and laboratory studies of rock fracture and the underlying mechanism for nucleation and catastrophic failure to the development of theoretical models of frictional behaviors of faults; as well as the simulation studies of dynamic rupture processes and seismic wave propagation in a 3-D heterogeneous medium, to the case studies of strong ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and seismic hazard estimation for Cascadian subduction zone earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (268 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764369156
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/159/9/
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Unknown
    Computational Earthquake Physics: Simulations, Analysis and Infrastructure, Part I (2006)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake physics ; dynamic rapture ; earthquake generation ; microscopic simulation ; scaling physics ; wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. The book is divided into two parts: The present volume - Part I - focuses on microscopic simulation, scaling physics, dynamic rapture and wave propagation, earthquake generation, cycle and seismic pattern. Topics covered range from numerical developments, rupture and gouge studies of the particle model, Liquefied Cracks and Rayleigh Wave Physics, studies of catastrophic failure and critical sensitivity, numerical and theoretical studies of crack propagation, developments in finite difference methods for modeling faults, long time scale simulation of interacting fault systems, modeling of crustal deformation, through to mantle convection.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (310 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764379919
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/163/9/
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Unknown
    Computational Earthquake Physics: Simulations, Analysis and Infrastructure, Part II (2007)
    Basel, Boston, Berlin : Birkhäuser
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake physics ; dynamic rapture ; earthquake generation ; microscopic simulation ; scaling physics ; wave propagation
    Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. The present volume - Part II - incorporates computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, model applications and iSERVO. Topics covered range from iSERVO and QuakeSim: implementing the international solid earth research virtual observatory by integrating computational grid and geographical information web services; LURR (Load-Unload Response Ratio) described in six papers involving this promising earthquake forecasting model; pattern informatics and phase dynamics and their applications, which was also a highlight in the Workshop; computational algorithms, including continuum damage models and visualization and analysis of geophysical datasets; evolution of mantle material; the state vector approach; and assimilation of data such as geodetic data, GPS data, and seismicity and laboratory experimental data.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (432 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9783764381301
    URL: http://link.springer.com/journal/24/163/11/
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interplate coupling and relative plate motion in the Tokai district, central Japan, deduced from geodetic data inversion using ABIC (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 113 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The spatial distribution of the strength of interplate coupling between the subducting Philippine Sea and overlying continental plates in the Tokai district, central Japan, was investigated in detail through the inversion analysis of geodetic data using Akaike's Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC). The geodetic data used for the analysis are annual rates of level changes (1972-1984) and horizontal length changes (1977-1988), which presumably represent average crustal movements during the interseismic period. The result of the inversion analysis shows the existence of a strongly coupled region extending from 10 to 30 km in depth. The total seismic moment accumulated in this area since the last event (the 1854 Ansei earthquake) is roughly estimated to be 5.5 × 1027 dyne cm, which corresponds to Ms= 7.8. The interplate coupling becomes weaker toward the shallower and deeper portions. This is consistent in general tendency with a rheological model inferred from petrological viewpoints. The strength of coupling also tends to decrease toward northeast over the west coast of Suruga Bay. The direction of plate convergence inferred from the inversion analysis is oriented N30°W. This is significantly different from the direction of relative plate motion between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates but concordant with that between the Philippine Sea and North American plates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb04655.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic crustal movement, steady uplift of marine terraces, and evolution of the island arc-trench system in southwest Japan (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 111 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In southwest Japan, where the Philippine Sea Plate is descending beneath the Eurasian Plate at the Nankai Trough, we can observe cyclic crustal movement related to the periodic occurrence of interplate earthquakes with the time interval of 102 yr, steady uplift of the marine terraces formed by eustatic sea-level changes for the last 105 yr, and gradual evolution of the island arc-trench system through the last 4 X 106 yr. We demonstrate that these phenomena with very different characteristic time-scales can be consistently explained by a single-plate subduction model. In our model, the lithosphere-asthenosphere system is represented by a stratified viscoelastic half-space under gravity, consisting of a high-viscosity surface layer and a low-viscosity substratum, and interaction between oceanic and continental plates by steady slip motion over the whole plate boundary and its perturbation associated with the periodic occurrence of earthquakes. The effects of accretion of oceanic sediments at plate boundaries, erosion on land, and sedimentation on inner trench walls are also considered in the model. From comparison of theoretical results with observed data we obtained the following conclusions valid for young subduction zones: observed deformation cycles cannot be explained by a simple rebound model in which the effect of steady-plate subduction is ignored. The steady-plate subduction brings about steady uplift of marine terraces. The present patterns of surface topography and gravity anomalies are held nearly stable by the balance of erosion (sedimentation) rates and substantial growth rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb02116.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinematic model for evolution of island arc-trench systems (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 114 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Plate subduction zones are typically characterized by the patterns of surface topography and gravity anomalies consisting of island-arc high, trench low, and outer-rise gentle high. These patterns are stable on the time scale of 106–107yr. At some subduction zones, regardless of its age, steady uplift of marine terraces formed by eustatic sea-level changes during the last 105 yr can be also observed. The stable patterns of topography and gravity anomalies and the steady uplift of marine terraces seem to contradict each other. We constructed a kinematic model which could explain the evolution process of island are-trench systems and demonstrated that this puzzle could be solved by considering the effect of accretion at plate boundaries. In our model the lithosphere-asthenosphere system is represented by a stratified visco-elastic half-space under gravity, which consists of a high-viscosity surface layer and a low-viscosity substratum. The rheological properties of both layers are assumed to be a Maxwell fluid in shear and an elastic solid in bulk. Interaction between oceanic and continental plates is represented by the steady increase of discontinuity in tangential displacement across the plate boundary. The other essential factors considered in our model are accretion of oceanic sediments at plate boundaries, erosion on land, and sedimentation on inner trench wall. We computed the evolution process of island arc-trench systems by using the kinematic model and obtained the following results: the island are-trench systems grow at nearly constant rates in the early stage of plate subduction. Therefore, at young subduction zones, we can generally expect the steady uplift of marine terraces. The stable patterns of topography and gravity anomalies are formed within several million years after the initiation of plate subduction. When the accretion process continuously proceeds at plate boundaries, these stable patterns gradually migrate seaward as a whole. In such a case, we can expect the steady uplift of marine terraces even at old subduction zones. We demonstrate that our model can consistently explain the observed surface topography, gravity anomalies, and uplift rates of marine terraces at subduction zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb06984.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dislocation model for the earthquake cycle at convergent plate boundaries (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 96 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A kinematic model for the earthquake cycle at convergent plate boundaries has been constructed on the basis of dislocation theory. We model the lithosphere-asthenosphere system by a stratified semi-infinite medium under gravity, consisting of an elastic surface layer, an intervening layer with Maxwell viscoelasticity, and an elastic substratum. The steady motion of plate convergence is naturally represented by uniform slip at a constant rate on the upper boundary of the descending oceanic plate. The occurrence of interplate earthquakes is regarded as a perturbation of the steady state plate motion, and represented by a periodic sequence of step slips on a finite seismic zone of the plate interface. Based on dislocation theory we can show that the steady slip on the interface deeper than the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary does not contribute to surface deformation in the steady state. Accordingly the surface deformation associated with the earthquake cycle is given by the superposition of viscoelastic responses to the steady slip on the interface shallower than the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, the steady backslip on the seismic zone, and the periodic sequence of seismic slips. We have computed cyclic patterns of vertical displacements at the free surface for two representative cases, taking account of gravity effects. The patterns of vertical displacements differ notably in the latter stage of the cycle depending on whether or not the seismic zone extends through the entire thickness of the lithosphere. After the completion of one earthquake cycle, our model yields a certain amount of permanent deformation resulting from the steady plate convergence. The pattern of the permanent deformation, that is characterized by steep uplift on the continental side, sharp subsidence at the plate boundary, and gentle uplift on the oceanic side, is irrespective of the cyclic process of stress accumulation and release repeated on the seismic zone. The earthquake cycle model developed here provides a possible explanation for the formation of earthquake-origin marine terraces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb05247.x
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